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Design a Guard System for Sybil Attack

Introduction:

AS THE SCALE of a decentralized distributed system increases, the

presence of malicious behavior (e.g., Byzantine failures) becomes the norm rather

than the exception. Most designs against such malicious behavior rely on the

assumption that a certain fraction of the nodes in the system are honest. For

example, virtually all protocols for tolerating Byzantine failures assume that at

least 2/3 of the nodes are honest. This makes these protocols vulnerable to sybil

attacks [1], in which a malicious user takes on multiple identities and pretends to

be multiple, distinct nodes (called sybil nodes or sybil identities) in the system.

With sybil nodes comprising a large fraction (e.g., more than 1/3) of the nodes in

the system, the malicious user is able to out vote the honest users, effectively

breaking previous defenses against malicious behaviors. Thus, an effective

defense against sybil attacks would remove a primary practical obstacle to

collaborative tasks on peer-to-peer (p2p) and other decentralized systems

ABSTRACT

Peer-to-peer and other decentralized, distributed systems are known to beparticularly vulnerable to sybil attacks. In a sybil attack, a malicious user obtains

multiple fake identities and pretends to be multiple, distinct nodes in the system.

By controlling a large fraction of the nodes in the system, the malicious user isable to "out vote" the honest users in collaborative tasks such as Byzantine failure

defenses. This paper presents SybilGuard, a novel protocol for limiting the

corruptive influences of sybil attacks.

Our protocol is based on the "social network" among user identities, where anedge between two identities indicates a human-established trust relationship.

Malicious users can create many identities but few trust relationships.

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EXISTING SYSTEM

In existing system, hackers easily can act as source node and sends

message to destination. Destination receives wrong message from hackers. Destination

believes that its correct message from source. Destination receives the wrong information

from hackers.

Messages are passed from sender to destination (receiver) without any

security. Message header holds source node information which sends the message to

receiver. Hackers can easily change that header information and sends to destination.

DISADVANTAGES

Destination gets the wrong information from hackers or malicious user.

There is no any server to detect hackers. Header information may be hiding by malicious

user. Source node does not get any response from destination while hackers get that

source information.

PROPOSED SYSTEM

In this proposed system, hackers can not act as source, because one

centralized server is maintaining to check authentication of source. This centralized

server is sybilguard. It blacks unauthorized users or hackers. Sybilguard is maintaining

source node information and header information of message. It checks the users using

that details whether they are attackers or normal user. Hackers information h as not been

transferred to destination. Destination has not been receiving any attacker information.

ADVANTAGES

Sybilguard is maintained to detect the attackers who are all act as source

node. It deletes that wrong information from hackers and indicates that they are attackers.

Hackers information has not transferred to receiver.

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Sybilguard act as the centralized server to all users. It handles the message

transmission between those users. Each user has to register individually. Those user

informations are stored in centralized server and find the attackers using that information.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Software Requirements

Language : Java 1.5 or more

Backend : Sql sever

Operating System : Windows Xp

Hardware Requirements

Hard disk : 80 GB

SDRAM : 256 MB

Processor : P IV

Processor Speed : 2.33 GHz

MODULES

1. Topology Construction2. Node entry3. Message transmission4. Sybilguard

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TOPOLOGY CONSTRUCTION

Topology construction is designed to construct one topology withavailable nodes. Register all nodes which are involved to transfer the data to some other

nodes. Depends upon total nodes, topology will be constructed.

Topology construction module allows you to construct node path. If

already exits, it will not allow to construct that same path. All nodes are mentioned in

topology construction. User cant modify node information after construction.

NODE ENTRY

Node entry module describes node authentication. To activate node who

are all involved in topology, node should be login into that topology. It does not allow

unauthorized node entry. Many nodes can enter into that mentioned topology. Each node

can send the messages to their destination after login.

MESSAGE TRANSMISSION

Each node (source node) can send the data to some other node(destination)

which one connected with that source node. While sending message, the source node

should mention the header information. Source node can send the data to destination.

Destination will receive that message.

SYBLGUARD

Sybilguard is maintained in this project to detect the attacker. Sybilguard

is called as centralized server. Sybilguard does not allow hackers to send the wrong data.

It compares node information and header information. If matches, normal user sending

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the message to destination. Otherwise sybilguard will not allow the hackers to send

message. It blocks that data and it provides the attacker information to attacker.

Sybilguard gets node information from its registration. While data

transmission, sybilguard will get their header information. This centralized server

maintains to find out the attacker details.

The Java Language

What Is Java?

Java is two things: aprogramming languageand aplatform.

The Java Programming Language

Java is a high-level programming language that is all of the following:

Simple Object-oriented Distributed

Interpreted Robust Secure Architecture-neutral Portable High-performance Multithreaded

Dynamic

Java is also unusual in that each Java program is both compiled and interpreted.

With a compiler, you translate a Java program into an intermediate language called Java

byte codes--the platform-independent codes interpreted by the Java interpreter. With an

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interpreter, each Java byte code instruction is parsed and run on the computer.

Compilation happens just once; interpretation occurs each time the program is executed.

This figure illustrates how this works.

Java byte codes can be considered as the machine code instructions for the Java

Virtual Machine (Java VM). Every Java interpreter, whether it's a Java development tool

or a Web browser that can run Java applets, is an implementation of the Java VM. The

Java VM can also be implemented in hardware.

Java byte codes help make "write once, run anywhere" possible. The Java

program can be compiled into byte codes on any platform that has a Java compiler. Thebyte codes can then be run on any implementation of the Java VM. For example, the

same Java program can run on Windows NT, Solaris, and Macintosh.

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The Java Platform

A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program runs. The

Java platform differs from most other platforms in that it's a software-only platform that

runs on top of other, hardware-based platforms. Most other platforms are described as a

combination of hardware and operating system.

The Java platform has two components:

The Java Virtual Machine (Java VM) The Java Application Programming Interface (Java API)

The Java API is a large collection of ready-made software components that

provide many useful capabilities, such as graphical user interface (GUI) widgets. The

Java API is grouped into libraries (packages) of related components.

The following figure depicts a Java program, such as an application or applet,

that's running on the Java platform. As the figure shows, the Java API and Virtual

Machine insulates the Java program from hardware dependencies.
http://../Non-IEEE/JD016/DJP042,jcmca016(SYBILGUARD%20NETWORK)/document/S/tutorial/figures/getStarted/2comp.gif

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As a platform-independent environment, Java can be a bit slower than native

code. However, smart compilers, well-tuned interpreters, and just-in-time byte code

compilers can bring Java's performance close to that of native code without threatening

portability.

What Can Java Do?

Probably the most well-known Java programs are Java applets. An applet is a

Java program that adheres to certain conventions that allow it to run within a Java-

enabled browser.

However, Java is not just for writing cute, entertaining applets for the World

Wide Web ("Web"). Java is a general-purpose, high-level programming language and a

powerful software platform. Using the generous Java API, we can write many types of

programs.

The most common types of programs are probably applets and applications,

where a Java application is a standalone program that runs directly on the Java platform.

How does the Java API support all of these kinds of programs? With

packages of software components that provide a wide range of functionality. The core

APIis the API

included in every full implementation of the Java platform. The core API givesyou the following features:

The Essentials: Objects, strings, threads, numbers, input and output,data structures, system properties, date and time, and so on.

Applets: The set of conventions used by Java applets.

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Networking: URLs, TCP and UDP sockets, and IP addresses. Internationalization: Help for writing programs that can be localized

for users worldwide. Programs can automatically adapt to specific locales

and be displayed in the appropriate language. Security: Both low-level and high-level, including electronic signatures,

public/private key management, access control, and certificates.

Software components: Known as JavaBeans, can plug into existingcomponent architectures such as Microsoft's OLE/COM/Active-X

architecture, OpenDoc, and Netscape's Live Connect.

Object serialization: Allows lightweight persistence andcommunication via Remote Method Invocation (RMI).

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC):Provides uniform access to awide range of relational databases.

Java not only has a core API, but also standard extensions. The standard

extensions define APIs for 3D, servers, collaboration, telephony, speech, animation, and

more.

How Will Java Change My Life?

Java is likely to make your programs better and requires less effort than other

languages. We believe that Java will help you do the following:

Get started quickly: Although Java is a powerful object-orientedlanguage, it's easy to learn, especially for programmers already familiar

with C or C++.

Write less code: Comparisons of program metrics (class counts, methodcounts, and so on) suggest that a program written in Java can be four times

smaller than the same program in C++.

Write better code: The Java language encourages good codingpractices, and its garbage collection helps you avoid memory leaks. Java's

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object orientation, its JavaBeans component architecture, and its wide-

ranging, easily extendible API let you reuse other people's tested code and

introduce fewer bugs.

Develop programs faster: Your development time may be as much astwice as fast versus writing the same program in C++. Why? You write

fewer lines of code with Java and Java is a simpler programming language

than C++.

Avoid platform dependencies with 100% Pure Java: You cankeep your program portable by following the purity tips mentioned

throughout this book and avoiding the use of libraries written in other

languages.

Write once, run anywhere: Because 100% Pure Java programs arecompiled into machine-independent byte codes, they run consistently on

any Java platform.

Distribute software more easily: You can upgrade applets easilyfrom a central server. Applets take advantage of the Java feature of

allowing new classes to be loaded "on the fly," without recompiling the

entire program.

JAVA PACKAGES AND API

AWT

The AWT classes contained by the java.awt package. It is one of

the largest packages. Because it is logically organized in a top-down, hierachical

fashion, it is easier to understand and use than you might at first believe.AWT contains

numerous classes and methods that allow you to create and manage windows. It also

explains further aspects of of javas event handling mechanism. The main purpose of the

AWT is to support applet windows, it can be used to create stand alone windows that

run in a GUI environment such as windows.

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APPLET

The applet class is contained by thejava.applet package. Applet contains several

methods that give you detailed control over the execution of your applet. Java.applet

also defines three interfaces AppletContext, AudioClip, AppletStub. All applet must

import with java.applet .applets must also import with thejava.awt.

UTIL

The java.util package contains some of the most exiting

enhancements added by java 2 collections .a collections is group of objects the addition

of collections caused fundamental alterations in the structure and architecture of many

elements ofjava.util.java.util contains a wide range of functionality.thease classes and

interfaces are used throughout core java packages. These include classes that tokenize the

string, work with

dates, compute random numbers and observe events.

NET

Thejava.net package which provides support of networking. Java is good

language for networking the classes are defined in java.net package. These networking

classes encapsulate the socket paradigm pioneered by the BSD.

ZIP

Thejava.util.zip package provides the ability to read and write files in the popular ZIP

and GZIP formats. Both ZIP and GZIP input and output streams are available. Other

classes implement the ZLIB algorithms for compression and decompression.

SWING

The swing is a set of classes that provides more powerful and flexible

components than are possible with the AWT. Unlike AWT components Swing

components are not implemented by platform specific code. They are written entirely in

java and, therefore, are platform-independent. The term lightweight is used to describe

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such elements. The number of classes and interfaces in the swing packages is

substancial. Swing is area that you will want to explore further on your own

APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACES

Listeners are created by implementing one or more of the interfaces Defined by

the java.awt.event package. When an event occurs, the event Source invokes the

appropriate method defined by the listener.

Action Listener interface

This interface defines the actionPerformed () method that is Invoked when an

action event occurs. Its general form is shown

Void actionPerformed (ActionEvent ae)

The mouselistener interface

Void windowActivated(WindowEvent we)

Void windowActivated(WindowEvent we)

This interface defines five methods.If the mouse is pressed and released at the same

point,mouseClicked() is invoked.Whenthe mouse enters a component,the mouseEntered()

method is called.When it leaves, mouseExited() is called. The mousePressedandmouseRealeased() methods are invoked when the mouse is pressed andreleased,

respectively.

The general forms of these methods are shown here:

Void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me)

Void mouseEntered(MouseEvent me)

Void mouseExited(MouseEvent me)

Void mousePressed(MouseEvent me)

Void mouseRealeased(MouseEvent me)

The MouseMotionListener interface

This interface defines two methods. The mouseDragged() method is called multiple

times as the mouse is dragged. The mouseMoved() method multiple times as the mouse

is moved. Their general forms are shown here:

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Data Flow Diagram

DataBase

Topology creation

Insert

node

details

Nodes Login Server

Checknodeavailability

Data Transmission

Ithold

ssen

dera

ndre

ceive

rdeta

ils

node namecheck sender namewith database

Destination

Yes

Stop transmissionterminate sender

from network

No

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Screen Shots

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TESTING

Testing is the process of executing the program with the intent of finding errors.

During testing, the program to be tested is executed with a set of test cases and the output

of the program for the test cases is evaluated to determine the program is performing as it

is expected. Error is the testing fundamental and is defined as the difference between the

actual output of a software and a correct output i.e., difference between the actual and

ideal testing is usually relied upon to detect these faults in the coding phase for this,

different levels of testing are used which performs different tasks and aim to the test

different aspects of the system.

Goals for Testing

The famous statement byDijkstra(in Dahl et al. 1972) is a perfect synthesis of

the goals of the testing. If the results delivered by the system are different from the

expected ones in just one case, in this unequally shows that the system is incorrect: by

contrast, a correct behavior of the system on a finite number of cases does not guarantee

correctness in the general case. For instance, we could have built a program that behaves

properly for even integer numbers but not odd numbers. Clearly, any number of tests witheven input values will face to show the error.

Testing should be based on soundandsystematic techniques so that, after testing,we may have a better understanding of the products reliability.

Testing should help locate errors, not just detect their presence. The result oftesting should not be viewed as simply providing a Boolean answer to the

question of whether the software works properly or not.

Tests should be organized in a way that helps to isolate errors. This informationcan then be used in debugging.

Testing should be repeatable, i.e., tests should be arranged in such a way thatseparating the same experiment-supplying the same input data to the same piece

of codeproduces the same results.

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Finally testing should be accurate this will increase the reliability of testing.Here we should observe that the accuracy of the testing activity depends on the

level of precision and may be even formality of software specifications.

Types Of Testing

Functional Testing Here the structure of the program is not considered. Only the test

cases are decided solely on the basis of the requirements or

specification of the program or module and the internal details of

the module or the program is not considered for the selection of

test cases. This is also called Black Box Testing.

Structural Testing It is considered with testing the implementation of the program.

The intention of the structural testing is not to exercise all the

different input and output conditions but to exercise the different

programming and data files used in the program. This testing is

also called White Box Testing.

Different Level of Testing

Unit Testing In it different modules are tested against the specifications

produced during design for the modules. It is essential for

verification of the code produced during the code phase and the

goal is to test the internal logic of the module.

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Integration Testing The goal here is to see if the modules can be integrated properly,

the emphasis being on testing interfaces between modules. After

structural testing and functional testing we get error free modules

these modules are to be integrated to get the required results of the

system. After checking the module another module is tested and is

integrated with the previous module.

After the integration the test phases are generated and the resultsare tested.

System Testing Here the entire software is tested. The reference document for this

process is the requirement document and the goal is to see whether

the software needs its requirements.

The system was tested for various test cases with various inputs.

Acceptance Testing It is some times performed with realistic data of the client to

demonstrate that the software is working satisfactorily. Testing

here focus on the external behavior of the system, the internal logic

of the program is not emphasized.

In acceptance test the system is tested for various inputs.

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Thus different types of testing are performed.

TEST ACTIVITIES IN SOFTWARE LIFE-CYCLE

Requirements

Design

Implementation

Test

Test planeneration

Test design

Generation

Test case

Generation

Test

procedure

Generation

Test

execution

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CONCLUSION

In this paper it explained about secure transmission between the two nodes usingsybilguard. Sybilguard used to detect the hackers who are all act as source node.

In a sybil attack, a malicious user obtains multiple fake identities and pretends to

be multiple, distinct nodes in the system.

Malicious users can create many identities to act as source node but few trustrelationships (like sybilguard) are find theirs and avoid them to sending wrong

information to destination.

By controlling a large fraction of the nodes in the system, the malicious user isable to "out vote" the honest users in collaborative tasks such as Byzantine failure

defenses.

It provides the security while transferring message from source to destination.Destination does not get wrong information from wrong user. The attacker will be

detected by centralized server. Wrong information deleted from that destination.

Sample codes

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

import javax.swing.*;

import java.sql.*;

import java.util.*;

import java.net.*;

import java.io.*;

import javax.swing.border.*;

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public class connectnodes extends JFrame

{

// Variables declaration

private JLabel jLabel1;



private JLabel jLabel4,jLabel5;

private JTextField jTextField1;

private JComboBox jComboBox1;

private JComboBox jComboBox2;

private JTextField jTextField5;

private JButton jButton1;



private JButton jButton4,jButton5;

private JPanel contentPane;

private JPanel panel;

public Runtime r;

int n;

int i=0;

int portno;

String nodename = "",node,des;

String sysname = "";

ResultSet rs;

Connection cs;

Statement st;

Font font = new Font("TimesRoman",Font.PLAIN,20);

public Vector totalpeer = new Vector();

// End of variables declaration

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public connectnodes()

{

super();

initializeComponent();

this.setVisible(true);

}

public void initializeComponent()

{

jLabel1 = new JLabel();





panel=new JPanel();

jTextField1 = new JTextField();

jTextField5 = new JTextField();

jButton1 = new JButton();





jComboBox1 = new JComboBox(totalpeer);

jComboBox2 = new JComboBox(totalpeer);

contentPane = (JPanel)this.getContentPane();

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jLabel2.setText("Peer Name");

jLabel3.setText("Source Node");

jLabel4.setText("Neighbour Node");

jLabel5.setText("Enter no of Nodes");

jButton1.setText("Submit");

jButton1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)

{

if(i

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}

i++;

}

}

});

jButton2.setText("Clear");



{

jTextField1.setText("");

jComboBox1.setSelectedItem("Select");

jComboBox2.setSelectedItem("Select");

}

});

jButton4.setText("Ok");



{

try

{

String nodecount=jTextField5.getText();

n=Integer.parseInt(nodecount);

System.out.println("n:"+n);

if(n!=0)

{

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jTextField1.setEnabled(true);

jButton1.setEnabled(true);

jTextField5.setEnabled(false);

jButton4.setEnabled(false);

}

}

catch (Exception e1)

{

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Please

Enter Value");

}

}

});

jButton3.setText("Cancel");



{

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dispose();

}

});

jButton5.setText("Connection");



{

jButton5_actionPerformed(e);

}

});

//

// contentPane

//

jTextField1.setEnabled(false);

jComboBox1.setEnabled(false);

jComboBox2.setEnabled(false);

jButton1.setEnabled(false);

contentPane.setLayout(null);

panel.setLayout(null);

addComponent(contentPane,panel, -5,-5,550,400);

addComponent(panel, jLabel2, 65,100,100,25);


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addComponent(panel, jTextField1, 204,100,100,25);

addComponent(panel, jComboBox1, 204,150,100,25);

addComponent(panel,jComboBox2, 203,200,100,25);

addComponent(panel, jButton1, 400,85,100,25);





addComponent(panel,jTextField5, 203,50,100,25);


panel.setBackground(new Color(255,255,255));

Border etched=BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder();

Border border=BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(etched,"Node

Registration",TitledBorder.CENTER,TitledBorder.DEFAULT_JUSTIFICATION,font,C

olor.red);

panel.setBorder(border);

this.setTitle("Network Construction");

this.setLocation(new Point(100, 100));

this.setSize(new Dimension(550, 400));

this.setDefaultCloseOperation(DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);

this.setResizable(false);

}

private void addComponent(Container container,Component c,int x,int y,int

width,int height)

{

c.setBounds(x,y,width,height);

container.add(c);

}

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private void jButton1_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)

{

nodename = jTextField1.getText();

try

{

Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

cs=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:server");

st=cs.createStatement();

rs= st.executeQuery("select * from NodeInformation where

NodeName LIKE '"+nodename+"' "); //OR SystemName LIKE '"+sysname+"'

if(rs.next())

{

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"The given Data already Exists");

i--;

}

else

{ String query = "insert into NodeInformation

values('"+nodename+"','0','192.168.1.4','ON','')";

st.execute(query);

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"Registration Sucess fully

Completed");

jTextField1.setText("");

}

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}

catch(Exception ee)

{

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"Specify the Correct

PortNo");

System.out.println("Connectivity Error");

ee.printStackTrace();

i--;

}

}

private void jButton5_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)

{

try

{

node = (String)jComboBox1.getSelectedItem();

des = (String)jComboBox2.getSelectedItem();

System.out.println(""+node);

System.out.println(""+des);

if(node.equals("Select")||des.equals("Select"))

{

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"Specify the Nodes");

}

else if (node.equals(des))

{

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JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"Specify a Valid

Neighbour");

}

else

{

try

{




rs= st.executeQuery("select * from Connection where NodeName

LIKE '"+node+"' AND Neighbour LIKE '"+des+"'"); //OR SystemName LIKE

'"+sysname+"'

System.out.println("1");

if(rs.next())

{

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"The given Data already Exists");

}

else

{

String query = "insert into Connection

values('"+node+"','"+des+"','1','0')";

String query1= "insert into Connection

values('"+des+"','"+node+"','1','0')";

st.executeUpdate(query);

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st.executeUpdate(query1);

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"Connection Information

Completed");

}

}

catch(SQLException ee)

{

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"Connectivity

Error");

System.out.println("Connectivity Error");

ee.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

catch (Exception e3)

{

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"Exception");

e3.printStackTrace();

}

}

public Vector connect()

{

try

{

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try

{




}

catch (Exception e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

return st;

}

}

import java.sql.*;

import java.sql.Connection.*;

import java.net.*;

class limit

{

public Connection cs;

public Statement st;

public ResultSet rs,rs1,rs2;

double val1,val2,result1,result2;

int i,count = 0;

double res1[] = new double[10];

double res2[] = new double[10];

String path[] = new String[10];

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String n[] = new String[10];

public Statement connect() throws Exception

{

try

{


cs = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:server");

st = cs.createStatement();

}

catch (Exception e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

return st;

}

public void getval()

{

try

{

connect();

rs = st.executeQuery("select * from possiblepath");

while(rs.next())

{

n[i]=rs.getString(1);

path[i]=rs.getString(2);

val1 = Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(3));

val2 = Double.parseDouble(rs.getString(4));

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System.out.println("rtc path:"+path);

System.out.println("\t"+val1+"\t"+val2);

result1 = Math.ceil(val1);

result2 = Math.ceil(val2);

System.out.println("\t"+result1+"\t"+result2);

res1[i]= result1;

res2[i]= result2;

i++;

}

try

{

rs2 = st.executeQuery("select count(*) from possiblepath");

while(rs2.next())

{

count =Integer.parseInt(rs2.getString(1));

System.out.println("Count :\t"+count);

}

}

catch (Exception ex1)

{

ex1.printStackTrace();

}

//st.execute("create table RTC (path varchar(20),limit varchar(20),delay

varchar(20))");

for (i=0;i

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{

System.out.println("inside for

loop"+path[i]+"\t"+res1[i]+"\t"+res2[i]);

st.executeUpdate("insert into pda values

('"+path[i]+"','"+res1[i]+"','"+res2[i]+"','"+n[i]+"')");

}

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

ex.printStackTrace();

}}}

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