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WG 4 –By‐product and resou
rcemanagement
BIOM - Austria
FINS - Serbia
IUNG – Poland (Dariusz Jedrejek, [email protected])
IBNA – Romania
NRC - Egypt
Food safety
in Europe
www.indjoin.com
Factors affecting food safety:• safety and high quality of substrates and
intermediates for food production – free from
contamination hazards
• hygiene and sanitary conditions of food
processing plants
• appropriate storage
• other – not less important
Factors associated with safety of
substrates for food production:• high quality and safety of agricultural
products� good agricultural practices in crop production
• safety of livestock production and animal
welfare� animal nutrition – high quality and safe feedstuffs
• other – not less important
• No healthy food without safe and good
quality feed
• WG4 (By-product and resource
management) scope
Feed from waste and by-
products
Food, agro-industrial by-products/waste as
a feed material – is it possibile?
EU feed legislation and Codex of Practice:
• Feed Hygiene Regulation No 183/2005
• Feed additives Regulation 1831/2003
• GM feed and food Regulation 1829/2003
• Undiserable substances Regulation 574/2011
• ‘Code of Practice for Good Animal Feeding’
Basic principle is ‘protection of human health, animal
health, animal welfare and the environment, and to
ensure full traceability of feed’
EU feed legislation and Codex of Practice - Additionally:• apply to the feeding of food producing animals
and to imports of feed materials from third
countries
• the correct feed to the correct animals – BSE
lesson
• contamination should be minimised during
feeding
• all the details regarding to feed business
(production, processing, distribution and
contamination hazards)
EU ‘biodegradable’ waste legislation:
• Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC)
• Animal by-products Regulation 1069/2009
• Landfill of Waste Directive (99/31/EC)
Basic principle is ‘to prevent and minimize waste and
maximize reuse, recycling and use of environmental
friendly alternative materials…’
EU ‘biodegradable’ waste legislation - Additionally:• specific rules for biodegradable waste utilization
– category 02
• progressive landfilling reduction of bio-waste
• prevention of former foodstuffs and catering
waste being fed to livestock
www.safetykleeneurope.com
Schroeder J. W., 2012. By-Products and Regionally
Available Alternative Feedstuffs for Dairy Cattle.
www.ag.ndsu.edu
EU founded projects related to evaluation
the potential use of by-products for feed
purposes:
• REPLACE 2004-2009 (FP 6)
• FEEDING FATS SAFETY 2005-2008 (FP 6)
• SAFEWASTES 2005-2008 (FP 6)
• FEEDSEG 2007-2009 (FP 6)
EU Project
objectives:•use organic wastes and byproducts from the food and pharmaceutical
industry
•produce upgraded, high added value products for preventive or
therapeutic use in animals (or humans)
•improve animal welfare and boost European competitiveness
•reduce the load on landfills performance:•18 plant materials tested
•chemical analysis – component identification and determination
•in vitro assays (antioxidant, antiinflammatory, immunomodulation,
anti/promicrobial)
•in vivo trials (monogastrics and ruminants) for establish performance, gut
health, and antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiinflammatory activietes
EU ProjectOrganic waste materials:Plant Scientific name
MI MANGO Mangifera indica
DC CARROT Daucus carota
CS Artichoke Cynara scolymus
LD LARCH Larix decidua
CP Pumpkin Cucurbita pepo
TV Thyme Thymus vulgaris
SI Sinupret herbal mix
SA Willow Salix spp.
EP Echinacea Echinacea purpurea
VV Grape Vitis vinifera
HA Sunflower Helianthus annuus
LU Linseed Linum usitatissimum
AH Horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum
OE Olive Olea europaea
VM Blueberry Vaccinum myrtillus
LE Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum
SR Saw palmetto Serenoa repens
CF Hawthorn Crataegus sp.
17 plant materials + 1 herbal
mixture
53 Extracts
(water/ethanol/heptane)
Biotechnological processing
(enzymes) of selected materials
Purified fractions and compounds
Bioassay guided fractionation
EU ProjectResults:• the most effective in in vivo trials were 3 plant materials
Larch (Larix decidua)
Wood sawdust (Jannach/Styria)
Ingredients: arabinogalactans (hemicellulose), flavonols, lignans, terpenes
Effects on health: antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, NK cell activity, antibacterial, prebiotic, anticancer activity
Mango (Mangifera
indica)
Cultivar „Kaew“, crushed and dried peels.
Ingredients: resorcinols, phenolic acids and their glycosids, mangiferin, pectins
Effects on health: antimicrobial, antiinflammatory
Carrot (Daucus
carota)
Cultivar „Carotan“, roots blanched, crushed and pressed
Pomace from juice production, Ernteland Fruchtsaft GmbH
Ingredients: pectins (oligogalacturonids), carotinoids
Effects on health: antimicrobial, antidiarrhoeic
Positive aspects of by-products transformation
into livestock feed:• economic� lower livestock production costs – increase competitiveness
• environmental� reduces the need for more landfill space
� protects water and soil
• influencing animal welfare� more diverse diet
� improvement of animal health
• affecting consuments� good quality food products + fair costs
By-products for livestock feeding �obstacles and challenges• legislation (clear and legible)� priority for recycling of food by-products into feed over recycling for other
uses � maintain, modify or remove the ban on the use of catering waste for feed?
• ensuring by-product safety� risk assessment (physical condition, microbial quality, chemical quality etc.) –
tools, methods and practical guidelines
� responsibilities in the chain (who checks food by-products for feed safety?, control
ensured by feed authorities)
� ignorance, incompetence or irresponsibility of feed bussiness operators, food
animal producers, etc. to safety issues
By-products for livestock feeding �obstacles and challenges (cont’d)• great knowlege amount not transferred into practice� many agro-industrial residues not known by small & medium food producers
� improper use of some by-products (limited information on the feeding value or
guidelines for their use)
� in some cases tables for feeding values are not properly updated
• great variation of nutritional value � standarization problem
� variation in raw materials, processing techniques, mastering of processing
conditions, etc.
� constant evolution of processing technologies
� constant examination in terms of nutritional value & possibility to adopt in
livestock diets
• availability, storage and handling� many by-products are local and seasonal – not always available on a regular
basis
� many by-products contain a lot of moisture – quality deteriorates easily, spoilage
� high production cost, additional time and investments from food producers
Conclusions and recommendations:• animal feed in EU is safer than it has ever been
• limited data concerning the amounts of specific ingredients
(also agro-industrial by-products) used in livestock feed
• implementation of national level reporting systems on the
amounts and types of specific by-products accessible to food
animal producers; and technical advisory for local
governments and food animal producers
• development and implementation of robust surveillance
systems monitoring etiologic agents throughout the animal-
based food-production chain
• increased communication and collaboration between feed
professionals, feed producers, food-animal producers,
veterinary and public health officials
Conclusions and recommendations
(cont’d):• supporting research and development of efficient methods
for transformation of feed from by-products and waste
• exploitation and extensive studies on alternative, additional
plant protein sources to soybean, novel sources (insects,
worms?)
• high hurdles for a novel feed material to enter the market =
security for humans and livestock; however this hinder full
utilization of the potential variety of feed materials –
BALANCE?
WG4 – current situation:• still working on draft
• delivery date of the draft - September-
November 2013
• delivery date of the review - 2014
Ideas of new topics for HORIZON 2020• Development of rapid, robust and accurate analytical methods for the
characterization and quantification of main contaminantion hazards
(chemical & microbial) in agro-industrial by-products – NIR
spectroscopy
• Exploitation of by-products diversity for their nutritional and health-
related values in livestock nutrition
• Development of methods for by-products processing
(upgrading/degrading) and their full valorization toward transformation
into feed
• Public education programme for food animal producers, feedstuff
bussiness, veterinary towards healthy nutrition+fair cost. Project for
implementing such a programme
• Evaluation of the influence of the processing conditions on the safety of
by-products (e.g. fate of contaminants), and thus their suitability for
livestock feed purposes
• Calls for projects with imposed structure of consortia, comprising
participants from agricultural organisations, feed producers, by-products processors and scientists
Ideas of new topics for HORIZON 2020 (cont’d)• Exploitation of plant by-products as a source of functional compounds
and their application in food and feed
• Improvement the efficiency of feed chain - optimizing the quantity of
feed available for the animals, reducing losses, better usage of local
resources and creating new feed chains utylizing an alternative feed
resources and by-products arising from food chain
• Feed&Food safety - tools and practical guidelines to ensure supplied
food and feed safety from hazard contaminants
• Know-how exchange between livestock producers, feed authorities and
feed industry towards innovation – development of new technologies to
improve transfer of research results into practice, with positive impact
on farm incomes and the exploration of new business models within
systems of livestock production
Thank you for your attention
• Current status of the working group
discussions
• Main defined gaps in science of your WGs
• Suggestion for new topics to be promoted for
the workprogrammes of HORIZON 2020