From VMs to Containers: Introducing Docker

Containers for Linux and Windows Server

Ido FlatowSenior Architect, Sela Group

Microsoft MVP & RDLevel: Intermediate

The Problem• Shipping code to server

The Matrix From Hell

The Solution

Docker Containers are NOT VMs• Easy connection to make• Fundamentally different architectures• Fundamentally different benefits

VMs

Containers

Different, Not Mutually Exclusive

Build, Ship, Run, Any App Anywhere

Docker Concepts - Image• What is a container image?

– Analogous to an Exported Virtual Machine’s VHD and Config files– Templates for containers– Can depend on other images– Created by running a container and

capturing changesImage

MetadataName,

Creation Data,Command To Execute,

Dependences

Contents

Files Folders

ASP.NET Core Web Server

Docker Concepts - Registry• https://hub.docker.com • Official Docker images from known vendors • Share and download Docker containers

from anywhere around the globe• Or… create your own trusted Docker

registry for your images

Docker Concepts – Dockerfile• Definition of a containerFROM ubuntu:14.04RUN \ apt-get update && \ apt-get -y install apache2

COPY index.html /var/www/html/index.html

EXPOSE 80

CMD ["/usr/sbin/apache2ctl", "-D", "FOREGROUND"]

Basic Docker Commands$ docker pull # Download an image from a registry$ docker images # List all images on a Docker host$ docker build # Build an image from a Dockerfile $ docker run # Run an image $ docker commit # Create an image from a container$ docker ps # List all running and stopped instances $ docker stop # Stop a running instances $ docker rm # Remove an instance $ docker rmi # Remove an image

BASIC WEB APPDEMO

OK, LET’S TALK ABOUT WINDOWS CONTAINERS

What About Windows Containers?

Windows Containers vs. Hyper V Containers• Windows containers

– Native Windows containers

– Powered by Docker Engine

• Hyper V containers – Windows containers +

kernel isolationInfrastracture

Windows Server 2016

Docker Engine

Bins/Libs

App Bins/Libs

App

WS KernelBins/Libs

App

Windows containers

Hyper V containers

Dockerfile for Windows FROM windowsservercore

# Uses dism.exe to install the IIS roleRUN dism.exe /online /enable-feature /all /featurename:iis-webserver /NoRestart

# Creates an html file and add content to this fileRUN echo "Hello World - Dockerfile" > c:\inetpub\wwwroot\index.html

# Open cmd when the container runs from the new imageCMD [ "cmd" ]

WINDOWS AND DOCKERDEMO

Docker, From Dev to Production• Dev

– The developer knows best what his server needs– No more “But It works my laptop” in a middle of a major deployment

• Test– Spin a full testing environment on any server in just a few clicks

• Ops– Ops don’t need to deal with the internal server configuration– Free to manage the cluster’s health and scaling

• Production– Manage your production in the most flexible way – Scale in milliseconds– Work in sync on multiple clouds

Full CI/CD with Docker

DOCKER HUB WITH GITHUB

DEMO

Docker File System• Logical file system by grouping FS primitives into

branches (directories, file systems, snapshots)• Each branch represents a layer in a Docker image• Images can be constructed / deconstructed as

needed (vs. a huge monolithic image in VMs)• When a container is started, a writeable layer is

added to the “top” of the file system

Container Layers

Docker Concepts - Volume• Volumes provide data persistency• Map a volume to a directory in the container• Volumes persist after the container is deleted• Can be created in a Dockerfile, or via CLI• Can map to an existing directory on the host• Use volumes to share data between containers

DATA PERSISTENCYDEMO

Container Mgmt. With Mesos• Apache Mesos: cluster manager for running

applications on a scalable cluster of servers• Marathon: task runner framework for Mesos

that is designed to launch long-running applications

• Makes it easier to deploy and manage applications in large-scale clustered environments:• High-Availability • Node Constraints• Application Health Checks• API & Service Discovery

AZURE CONTAINER SERVICES

DEMO

Getting Your Feet Wet• Stroll on the beach

– Setup your preferred Docker environment– Fire up some prebuilt images (nginx, hello-world)

• Take a swim– Pick a well documented solution, such as Wordpress– Build it for yourself (maybe you have a flower shop?)

• Dive in– Dockerize an existing project– Build your own Dockerfiles– Experiment with Docker Compose and Docker clusters

Resources• Know your Docker

– http://training.docker.com – http://docs.docker.com/userguide

• Docker on Windows Server 2016– https://blog.docker.com/2016/09/dockerforws2016/

• Docker on Azure (IaaS and PaaS)– https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/virtual-machines-lin

ux-containers/– https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/container-service/

• My Info– @IdoFlatow // idof@sela.co.il // http://www.idoflatow.net/downloads