From Vienna’s historical heritage buildings tolakeside plus energy district.

Learning from experience to advance towards sustainable, safe, and affordable low carbon energy living (?)

Prof. Dr. Thomas Bednar

Institute for Building Constructions and TechnologyResearchcenter for Building Physics and Sound Protection

Outline

History & Future of shaping the system

Cultural heritage

New buildings - Lessons learned

Lakeside Aspern

Conclusions on the transformation process

GründerzeitZwischenkriegszeit

WiederaufbauzeitSystembauweise

MontagebauweiseWr. Bauordnung 1976

Wr. Bauordnung 1993ffWr. BTVO 2008 / OIB 2007

Wr. BTVO 2012 / OIB 2011

PassivhausbauweisePlus-Energie-GebäudePopulation

Austria

Vienna

GründerzeitZwischenkriegszeit

WiederaufbauzeitSystembauweise

MontagebauweiseWr. Bauordnung 1976

Wr. Bauordnung 1993ffWr. BTVO 2008 / OIB 2007

Wr. BTVO 2012 / OIB 2011

1928-321951-52

1974-76

1997-98

Massiv-Bauweise im sozialen Wohnbau in WienAmann, Jodl, Maier, Mundt, Pöhn, Pommer; 2007

https://maps.google.com

http://www.gruenderzeitplus.at

https://www.wien2025.at/site/http://www.wien.gv.at/stadtentwicklung/projekte/smartcity/index.html

City development – Areas of FocusSTEP – Urban development plan

Enhancing Energy Efficiency

Cultural Heritage ProtectionOnly 2% of buildings in Austria are listedBut more are under protectionbeing part of a historic town  

Wish to reduce running costs

Lack of knowledgeLack of awareness on risks

=> Development of Guideline 2011

Download from: http://www.bda.at/downloads/1990/Richtlinien

easy applicable

not so easy applicable

only if really necessary

Guideline lists possible measure and the necessary steps in the design process

ISTrepairing indows– improving airthightness

insulation against atticcontrol system, reduction of system losses

adaption of windowssolar thermal collector on site (not building)

efficient heat pumpinternal insulation

external insulation

total primary energy demand in kWh/m²a

Awarness for risk

• internal insulation increases risk of failure• special focus during design process on reliability

IEA Annex 55 - Reliability of Energy Efficient Building Retrofitting - Probability Assessment of Performance & Cost

UTE UtendorfgasseDRE Dreherstrasse

KAM Kammelweg

•2., Jungstraße•11., Pantucekgasse•11. Dreherstraße•14., Utendorfgasse•21., Kammelweg Bauplatz E, Bauplatz B•21., Mühlweg•22., Esslinger Hauptstraße•23., Schellenseegasse•23., Anton-Heger-Platz

http://www.hausderzukunft.at/english.htm

Start of occupation: 2007Number of flats: 3 * 13Gross floor area = 1330 m²Area inside flats = 901 m²Heating and hot water: central gas fired condensing boiler

hot water storage tankdistribution system with circulation pipe

Heating of flat through supply air

UTE Utendorfgasse

Start of occupation: 2007; Number of flats: 27Gross floor area = 3216 m²Net area inside flats = 2178 m²Heating and hot water: district heating

hot water storage tankdistribution system with circulation pipe

Heating of flat through supply air.

DRE Dreherstrasse

Start of occupation: 2008Number of flats: 80Gross floor area = 8100 m²Net area inside flats = 6808 m²Heating and hot water: district heating

hot water storage tankdistribution system with electric trace heating

Heating of flat through minimized radiators.

KAM Kammelweg

Post occupancy evaluationComfort (Winter/Summer)

Temperature: No problems report in WinterVery good performance in Summer

Quelle: AEE Intec – Ergebnisse der messtechnischen Begleituntersuchungen von Haus der Zukunft, 2010

Room temperature in °C

Outdoor temperature in °C

Utendorfgasse

Hot WaterHeat

11 kWh/m²Measured m³ Water

HeatingHeat

8 kWh/m²CalculatedMeasured

HouseholdElectricity25 kWh/m²Measured

VentilationElectricity 5.5 kWh/m²Measured

PumpsStaircase LightingSystem ControlElectricity 5.5 kWh/m²Measured

Boiler – Hot Water

Gas 38 kWh/m²CalculatedMeasured

Boiler – Heating

Gas 19 kWh/m²CalculatedMeasured

Gas

54 kWh/m²ConvPrim 1.3 70 kWh/m²

Et EbElectricity

37 kWh/m²ConvPrimAustria; 1.8 65 kWh/m²

Europe: 3.3 120 kWh/m²

Start of occupation: 2007Number of flats: 13Gross floor area = 1330 m² = REFERENCE AREAArea inside flats = 901 m²

BoilerGas 6700 m³Measured m³ Gas

Energy in kWh/m² reference area

Total Primary Energy

Austria 135 kWh/m²Europe 190 kWh/m²

IEA Annex 53 “Total energy use in buildings”

2009 Okt07-Sep08 Okt08-Sep09

converted todistrict heating

Household

elevator, staircase, pumps, ventilation...

hotwater

heating

UTE UTE DRE KAM

Measured energy consumption

Conclusions from building companies:

No mould growth inside the flats!!

Much better design process (Integral design)

Passive house concept in social housing works very well - if people live there- open windows during summer nights (April-September)- if designer use detailed calculation methods- if monitoring (system states) during first year is used

Future enhancements:

Reduction of system losses (currently 100% heating 300% hot water)Reduction of pressure losses in ventilation system (6kWh/m² -> 3kWh/m² electricity)Motivation of energy efficient household equipment

outdoor noise reduction (summer night time ventilation)security concerns during design process

PH-Academy - "Passive house of the future" Academy platform for knowledge transfer between building developers http://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id5989

Eurogate

Eurogate

Eurogate

Europe's largest passive house settlement - Eurogate

Austria's Biggest Plus Energy Office Building

(Quelle: http://www.bing.com/maps/, bearbeitet von Schöberl & Pöll)

Renovation „Chemiehochhauses“ University Technology ViennaGetreidemarkt, 1060 Wien

Eigentümerin und Nutzerin:• BIG Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft m.b.H.• TU Wien Rektorat - TU Wien Gebäude und Technik

Generalplanung• ARGE der Architekten Hiesmayr-Gallister-Kratochwil

Fachplaner im Generalplanerteam:• Technisches Büro ZFG Projekt GmbH, Haustechnik Planung• Technisches Büro Eipeldauer+Partner GmbH, Elektro- und Lichtplanung• CITEM Dr. DI Manfred R. Siegl, EDV Planung• DI Nikolaus Buch GmbH, Schallschutz und Akustik• Metal Design Engineering GmbH, Fassadenplaner• Schöberl & Pöll GmbH, Bauphysik und Forschung

Wissenschaftliche Leitung:• Schöberl & Pöll GmbH, Bauphysik und Forschung• TU Wien Forschungsbereich für Bauphysik und Schallschutz

Planungsunterstützung und Forschung erweitertes Team:• Ing. Siegfried Manschein GesmbH, Monitoring, Haustechnik Beratung• Pokorny GesmbH, Lichtplanung Beratung• ebök Planungs und Entwicklungs GmbH (D) Haustechnik Beratung• ATB-Becker e.U., Fotovoltaik Planung• Mag. Norbert Gröger oder Voith Hydro GmbH & Co. KG, Fotovoltaik Beratung• GENIOLUX Ingenieurbüro Gerstmann, Tageslichtberechnung• ENRAG GmbH, Simulation Fassadenhinterlüftung• TU Wien - ZIT, Serverraum

Project Partners

429 kWh/m²GFA·year

82 kWh/m²GFA·year

Conversion Factors Electricity fPE 2.62 kWh/kWh District Heating fPE 0.92 kWh/kWh fPE,n.ern 2.15 kWh/kWh fPE,n.ern 0.20 kWh/kWh

Toilets, Fire SafetyControlsSensorsCommunication, SecurityTea kitchenPrinter, Displays,Server+UPSElevatorVentilationOffice EquipmentLightingCoolingHeating

total primary energy demand in MWh/year

current standard optimized

Impact of PVon roof and facade

Conversion Factors Electricity fPE 2.62 kWh/kWh District Heating fPE 0.92 kWh/kWh fPE,n.ern 2.15 kWh/kWh fPE,n.ern 0.20 kWh/kWh

total primary energy demand in MWh/year

current standard optimized optimized+PV used PV export

non renewable primary energy

with own use of PV reduction of electricity

use at Getreidemarktdue to export of PV

aspern Vienna’s Urban Lakeside

20.000 peopleliving&working

nearly zero energy / plus energy(Quelle: ATP – Architekten und Ingenieure)

http://www.aspern-seestadt.at/en

Lakeside Aspern

Research projectlocal microclimateenergy exchange across buildingsdemonstration projects...

http://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id6793

Setup and prototype for full dynamic building / grid / plant simulation

Scenario: Low energy buildingsStandard equipment50% roof area with PV

70 MW

60 MW

50 MW

40 MW

30 MW

20 MW

10 MW

-10MW

http://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id6793

30 MW

20 MW

10 MW

0 MW

-10 MW

-20 MW

-30 MW

-40 MW

Scenario: Lowest energy buildingsEfficient equipment100% roof area with PV

http://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id6793

CO2 –Emission in t/ person year

Low energy buildings

standard equipment

30% PV on roof

Lowest energy buildings – high efficientefficient equipment100% PV on roof

5

4

3

2

1

0

The calculations do not take into account mobility and production of buildings/equipment

http://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id6793

Quelle: ATP – Architekten und Ingenieure

http://www.asperniq.at/

What (we) I learned .....

Product declaration needs much better standards (standby, part load ,...)to design high energy efficient buildings

Design needs higher eduction, more money and better tools

Transdisciplinary approaches to develop roadmap

sociology built environment – mobilitygrids – ICTeconomy - policy

Research from roadmap to clear sign postdesign goalsdesign methodsquality assurance post occupancy evaluation

Vienna University of Technology

urbem.tuwien.ac.at

Apply for PhD - NOW!

Ett stort tack till alla mina svenska kolleger som har arbetat med mig under de senaste decennierna!