Human Origins in Africa Humans Try to Control Nature Civilization EARLY PEOPLES AND CIVILIZATIONS.
From the Universe's Origins to the Rise of Modern Humans
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From the UniversesFrom the Universes
Origins to the Rise ofOrigins to the Rise ofModern HumansModern Humans
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In the BeginningIn the Beginning
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Our Universe May Be One of Many to HaveOur Universe May Be One of Many to Have
Emerged From the Fabric of RealityEmerged From the Fabric of Reality
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Current ResearchCurrent Research
Indicates Our Universe IsIndicates Our Universe Is
About 13.7 Billion YearsAbout 13.7 Billion Years
OldOld
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The Universe As Seen by a SatelliteThe Universe As Seen by a Satellite
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Looking Back Into the Dawn of Time
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The Milky Way Galaxy is About
100,000 Light Years Across and
Almost As Old As the Universe
Itself
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Andromeda is a Galaxy very much like our own
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A Star is Born
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The Solar System Began
to form more than 4.6
Billion Years Ago
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The Terrestrial Planets
Began to Form
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The Embryonic Earth
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The Moon Formed
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The Early Earth WasThe Early Earth Was
Violent and Filled WithViolent and Filled With
UpheavalUpheaval
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The Earth Was UnderThe Earth Was Under
Cosmic BombardmentCosmic Bombardment
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An Atmosphere Began toAn Atmosphere Began to
FormForm
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Chemicals Replicated, PerhapsChemicals Replicated, Perhaps
First in MineralsFirst in Minerals
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Hundreds of Millions ofHundreds of Millions of
Years After The EarthsYears After The EarthsFormation, Life Began toFormation, Life Began to
AppearAppear
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The RNA World May Have BeenThe RNA World May Have Been
the Only Lifethe Only Life--Like EnvironmentLike Environment
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After Many Centuries, RNA GaveAfter Many Centuries, RNA Gave
Rise to DNA and MoreRise to DNA and More
Complicated Life Forms Began toComplicated Life Forms Began to
EvolveEvolve
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Bacteria Emerged 3.5 Billion YearsBacteria Emerged 3.5 Billion Years
AgoAgo
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Plants Were the First Complex LifePlants Were the First Complex Life
Forms to DevelopForms to Develop
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Plants Added Oxygen to thePlants Added Oxygen to the
AtmosphereAtmosphere
420,000,000 Year Old Plant Fossil
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Animal Life Began to Evolve in theAnimal Life Began to Evolve in the
OceanOcean
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The Cambrian Era OceanThe Cambrian Era Ocean
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The Vertebrate Fish Gave Rise toThe Vertebrate Fish Gave Rise to
Other Life FormsOther Life Forms
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The Amphibians Colonized the LandThe Amphibians Colonized the Land
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The Reptiles Evolved, andThe Reptiles Evolved, and
Dominated the Land forDominated the Land for
Hundreds of Millions of YearsHundreds of Millions of Years
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The World in Which the ReptilesThe World in Which the Reptiles
Lived Was Much Different ThanLived Was Much Different ThanOursOurs
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From the Reptiles, ThereFrom the Reptiles, There
Emerged the DinosaursEmerged the Dinosaurs
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Another Group to Emerge fromAnother Group to Emerge from
the Reptiles Was the Mammalsthe Reptiles Was the Mammals
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Mammals Got Their Big BreakMammals Got Their Big BreakWhen the Dinosaurs WereWhen the Dinosaurs Were
Wiped OutWiped Out
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Late in the Age of Dinosaurs, a NewLate in the Age of Dinosaurs, a New
Kind of Tree Living MammalKind of Tree Living Mammal
EvolvedEvolvedthethe PrimatePrimate
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By Around 33,000,000 Years Ago,By Around 33,000,000 Years Ago,
Old World Primates Were WellOld World Primates Were Well
AdvancedAdvanced
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In Africa, More Developed
Primates Emerged
ArdipithecusAncestor?
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In Many Parts of the World, ForestsIn Many Parts of the World, Forests
ShrankShrank
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Certain Primates Began to Adapt toCertain Primates Began to Adapt to
Living on the Ground. Some BecameLiving on the Ground. Some Became
Upright (Bipedal) WalkersUpright (Bipedal) Walkersthethe
AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines
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More Than 4 Million Years Ago,More Than 4 Million Years Ago,
There Lived a Species in East AfricaThere Lived a Species in East Africa
CalledCalled afarensisafarensis
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The Most Famous Member ofThe Most Famous Member of
afarensisafarensis LucyLucy
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More Than 2,000,000 Years Ago, aMore Than 2,000,000 Years Ago, a
New Line Emerged in East AfricaNew Line Emerged in East AfricaHomoHomohabilishabilis..
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HomoHomohabilishabilisis Considered by Mostis Considered by Most
Scientists to Be the First True HumanScientists to Be the First True Human
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Later, a More Advanced HumanLater, a More Advanced Human
Species Evo
lved Ou
to
fSpecies Evo
lved Ou
to
fh
abilish
abilis Ho
mo
Ho
mo
erectuserectus
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HomoHomoerectuserectusWalked Fully Upright,Walked Fully Upright,
Could Use (If Not Make) Fire, andCould Use (If Not Make) Fire, and
Had More Advanced ToolsHad More Advanced Tools
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Examples ofExamples oferectuserectusHave BeenHave Been
Found in Africa, Asia, and EuropeFound in Africa, Asia, and Europe
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From HomoFrom HomoerectuserectusThere Emerged theThere Emerged the
Modern HumansModern Humansthe Homothe Homosapienssapiens
NeanderthalsAn
ExtinctCousin?
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Some Scientists Believe That Only theSome Scientists Believe That Only the
AfricanAfrican erectuserectusLed toModern HumansLed toModern Humans
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Others Think the ModernOthers Think the Modern sapienssapiensMayMay
Have Had Multiple OriginsHave Had Multiple Origins
Where erectus Remains Have Been
Found
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By 35,000 BCE There Were FullyBy 35,000 BCE There Were Fully
Modern HumansModern Humans
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The Months of the Cosmic CalendarThe Months of the Cosmic Calendar
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December in the Cosmic CalendarDecember in the Cosmic Calendar