from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick Celebrating ... · • “The Story of Chocolate”Next...
1
© 2011 Universal Uclick release dates: February 5-11 6-1 (11) from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick Please include all of the appropriate registered trademark symbols and copyright lines in any publication of The Mini Page ® . To order, send $15.99 ($19.99 Canada) plus $5 postage and handling for each copy. Make check or money order (U.S. funds only) payable to Universal Uclick. Send to The Mini Page Book of States, Universal Uclick, P.O. Box 6814, Leawood, KS 66206. Or call toll- free 800-591-2097 or go to www.smartwarehousing.com. Please send ______ copies of The Mini Page Book of States (Item #0-7407-8549-4) at $20.99 each, total cost. (Bulk discount information available upon request.) Name: ________________________________________________________________________ Address: _______________________________________________________________________ City: _________________________________________ State: _________ Zip: ________________ The Mini Page’s popular series of issues about each state is collected here in a 156-page softcover book. Conveniently spiral-bound for ease of use, this invaluable resource contains A-to-Z facts about each state, along with the District of Columbia. Illustrated with colorful photographs and art, and complete with updated information, The Mini Page Book of States will be a favorite in classrooms and homes for years to come. The Mini Page ® Book of States NEW! Is chocolate one of your top treats? If so, you are not alone. The average American eats about 12 pounds each year. This adds up to more than 3 billion pounds! People buy about 48 million pounds of chocolate candy during Valentine’s week. They buy even more chocolate for Halloween, Easter and Christmas. To find out more, The Mini Page talked with experts from The Field Museum in Chicago, whose exhibit on chocolate is traveling to many cities. Where do we get chocolate? People make chocolate from the seeds of the cacao (kah-KOW) tree. It grows in the wild in the rainforests of Central and South America. It is also grown on farms in other tropical areas. Special growing conditions Cacao trees grow about 30 feet tall. In the wild, taller trees growing around them protect them from tropical heat, wind and dryness. Decaying vegetation under the cacao trees is necessary too. Leaves and cacao pods fall beneath the cacao trees and rot in the moist rainforest. This decaying matter provides a perfect home for tiny flying insects called midges. The midges pollinate* (PAHL-uh-nate) the cacao flowers. They have the fastest wingbeats in the world, beating 1,000 times per second. Designed for the rainforest Cacao flowers grow directly on the lower trunk and branches rather than just at the end of the branches. This makes it easier for the midges to pollinate the flowers. Cacao roots spread across the soil and decaying vegetation, which provide the cacao food and water. Because the soil is shallow, the roots also anchor the tree and help stop soil erosion. © 2002 Comstock.com, courtesy The Field Museum Richard Cadbury introduced the first Valentine’s boxed chocolates in 1868 in England. Today, people buy more than 36 million heart-shaped boxes of chocolates for Valentine’s Day. photo by Teresa Murray, © 2002 The Field Museum *When flowers are pollinated, pollen is moved to different parts of a flower or to different flowers so the plants can reproduce. photo by Anamari Golf, © 2002 The Field Museum Cacao pulp is sweet, and animals and birds love to eat it. But they spit out the bitter seeds, which helps more trees grow. Each cacao pod is about the size of a pineapple. Each pod holds roughly 30 to 50 seeds, enough to make about seven milk chocolate bars. Celebrating Valentine’s Day Mmmm! Chocolate! Words that remind us of chocolate are hidden in the block below. Some words are hidden backward or diagonally. See if you can find: BAR, BOX, CACAO, CANDY, CEREMONIES, DRINK, EAT, EXPLORERS, GROW, HOT, MAYAN, MEXICO, MIDGE, MILK, POD, RAINFOREST, SEED, SPICES, SUGAR, TOP, TRADE, TREE, TROPICAL, VALENTINE, WILD. Chocolate TRY ’N FIND TREAT YOURSELF TO CHOCOLATE! C T G S E G D I M R A G U S M K A R R E P O D S E C I P S A M W C E O E R A B E D A R T Y E C I A E W D P O T K L I M A X A H L O L A C I P O R T M N I N E O D S E I N O M E R E C C D A V T E N I T N E L A V M O Y T S R E R O L P X E X O B K N I R D T S E R O F N I A R from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick Basset Brown The News Hound’s TM Ready Resources from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick The Mini Page provides ideas for websites, books or other resources that will help you learn more about this week’s topics. On the Web: • www.fieldmuseum.org/chocolate/kids.html • www.fieldmuseum.org/chocolate/tour.html • www.cadbury.co.uk/ At the library: • “The Story of Chocolate” by Caryn Jenner • “Chocolate: Riches From the Rainforest” by Robert Burleigh • “The Chocolate Tree: A Mayan Folktale” by Linda Lowery and Richard Keep from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick A Rich History Europeans discover chocolate In the early 1500s, Spanish explorers learned of the valuable chocolate drink from the Aztecs. They took cacao seeds back to Spain. The Spanish mixed the drink with sugar. Chocolate and sugar were both expensive, so only the wealthy could drink hot chocolate. In the next 100 years, visiting Europeans tasted it in Spain and wanted it too. An ancient drink About 3,000 years ago, the Maya people in Mexico and Central America created a spicy chocolate drink. This was not the sweet chocolate we drink today. Cacao seeds are bitter-tasting. The Maya ground the seeds into a paste and mixed it with water. They gave their chocolate an even sharper taste by mixing it with spices such as red peppers. The Maya drank their chocolate in religious and political ceremonies. It was a valuable trade item, and they introduced their chocolate drink to other people, including the Aztecs. Aztecs and chocolate Cacao trees did not grow in the cooler areas of what is now Mexico, where the Aztecs lived. They had to trade across long distances to get the seeds. Cacao seeds were so valuable that Aztecs used them as money in the 1400s to 1500s. They offered cacao seeds to their gods. Their chocolate drink was drunk mainly by royalty, priests, and warriors and merchants receiving special honors. photo by John Weinstein, © 2002 The Field Museum This is a sculpture of the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl (kwet-suhl-kuh-WAH- tl). This god was seen as a feathered snake. The Aztecs believed that drinking chocolate could give them the wisdom and knowledge of Quetzalcoatl. from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick Cathy: Why is chocolate always tardy? Cassie: Because it is choco-late, not choco-early! Chester: What kind of ice cream do monkeys eat? Carly: Chocolate-chimp! TM All the following jokes have something in common. Can you guess the common theme or category? Carole: What drink did the electrician order? Corey: A hot shockolate! Mini Spy . . . Mini Spy is giving her mom some nice chocolate. See if you can find: • exclamation mark • word MINI • bell • lion • snake • arrow • duck • fish • kite • oven mitt • ring • letter E • heart • ladder • ruler • book • bird • pencil • seal • snail • number 7 from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick TM from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick Meet Georgie Henley Georgie Henley stars as Lucy in the movie “Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.” Georgie first began acting in the “Chronicles of Narnia” movies when she was 7 years old. She is now 15. She was born in Ilkley, West Yorkshire, England. She has two older sisters. She was a member of a drama club in her hometown when she first got the role of Lucy. When she was acting in the first film of the series, she wrote two books. She has appeared in TV programs in her own country. Georgie gives to a charity that helps orphaned children. photo courtesy 20th Century Fox, © 2010 Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp. and Walden Media LLC. All rights reserved. Rookie Cookie’s Recipe Double Chocolate Brownies You’ll need: • 1 cup butter • 1 (8-ounce) package bittersweet baking chocolate squares • 1 (12-ounce) package semisweet chocolate chips, divided • 2 cups sugar What to do: 1. Microwave butter, bittersweet chocolate squares and half of package of chocolate chips for 2 to 3 minutes on high. Stir every 30 seconds until melted. 2. Add sugar, eggs and vanilla; mix well. 3. Blend flour and salt into mixture. 4. In a separate bowl, mix walnuts, pecans and remaining chocolate chips. Add to batter. 5. Grease a 13-by-9-inch pan; spread batter evenly. 6. Bake at 350 degrees for 30 minutes. Cool and cut into squares. You will need an adult’s help with this recipe. from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick TM • 4 large eggs • 1 teaspoon vanilla • 1 cup flour • 1 /2 teaspoon salt • 1 /2 cup chopped walnuts (optional) • 1 /2 cup chopped pecans (optional) from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick At Last! Chocolate Candy Hot new drink In the 1600s and 1700s, special cafes called “chocolate houses” sprang up in Europe. Wealthy people, mostly men, went to chocolate houses to socialize and drink hot chocolate. By the early 1700s, sweet hot chocolate was in such high demand throughout Europe that colonial powers forced African slaves to grow more sugar and cacao in tropical lands. Even after slavery ended, workers were forced to work in harsh conditions to produce chocolate and sugar for the wealthy. Chocolate turns solid In the late 1600s and the 1700s, Italian chefs began using chocolate as a flavoring in other foods. They liked it so much that they put chocolate in everything. They even coated liver in chocolate and fried it! Then, in 1776, a Frenchman invented a machine to grind cacao seeds into a paste. Other inventions soon followed. Producing chocolate became much easier and cheaper. Better and better In the 1870s, a Swiss pharmacist, Henri Nestle, invented and produced a powdered milk for babies. His friend, Daniel Peter, invented the first milk chocolate, using Nestle’s products. At the same time, Rodolphe Lindt invented a machine to churn cacao paste into a creamy mixture, a big improvement on the earlier gritty candy. In 1893, Milton Hershey came across a new invention at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. This invention made chocolate production easier. He bought the equipment and built a factory in Pennsylvania. Today, chocolate is no longer just for the rich. It is a treat for everyone. Chocolate candy Finally, after thousands of years, people invented solid chocolate candy. In 1847, Fry and Sons Co. in England sold the first solid chocolate candy. In 1868, Richard Cadbury began selling boxed chocolates. The Fry and Cadbury families led the way in fighting for workers’ rights. They refused to buy cacao from plantations where workers were forced to work in terrible conditions. photo courtesy USAID Workers in Ecuador harvest cacao beans, or pods, for making chocolate. A USAID project is helping farmers grow, process and sell cacao so they can earn a fair wage. Today, international groups continue to fight against child labor and other poor conditions in cacao farming. The Mini Page thanks Hilary Hansen Sanders; and Gary Feinman, curator of anthropology, Chicago Field Museum, for help with this issue. “Chocolate” and its national tour were developed by The Field Museum. This project is supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation. Look through your newspaper for ads and recipes for chocolate. How many different chocolate products can you find during Valentine’s week? Next week, The Mini Page celebrates Presidents Day. During World War II, most U.S. chocolate was given to the soldiers and sailors. Afterward, chocolate candy was even more popular. Betty Debnam - Founding Editor and Editor at Large Lisa Tarry - Managing Editor Lucy Lien - Associate Editor Wendy Daley - Artist The Mini Page Staff from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick Supersport: Blair Brown Height: 6-5 Hometown: Purcellville, Va. Like a lion waiting to attack, Blair Brown lurks behind the volleyball net, then leaps and smashes a “kill” shot out of her opponent’s reach. That was a familiar sight at Penn State, where Brown used her height, might and competitive fight to help the Nittany Lions win a fourth straight women’s volleyball national championship. A two-time All-American, Brown led her team this season in kills (winning shots) with 521. She also was a contributor on the three previous national title teams. In addition to volleyball, Blair lists music, watching movies and reading as other interests. A senior, she will leave Penn State with degrees in English and political science, All-America certificates and four NCAA championships. How much sweeter can it get? TM
Transcript of from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick Celebrating ... · • “The Story of Chocolate”Next...
© 2011 Universal Uclick
release dates: February 5-11 6-1 (11)
from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick
Please include all of the appropriate registered trademark symbols and copyright lines in any publication of The Mini Page®.
To order, send $15.99 ($19.99 Canada) plus $5 postage and handling for each copy. Make check or money order (U.S. funds only) payable to Universal Uclick. Send to The Mini Page Book of States, Universal Uclick, P.O. Box 6814, Leawood, KS 66206. Or call toll-free 800-591-2097 or go to www.smartwarehousing.com. Please send ______ copies of The Mini Page Book of States (Item #0-7407-8549-4) at $20.99 each, total cost. (Bulk discount information available upon request.)
Name: ________________________________________________________________________
Address: _______________________________________________________________________
City: _________________________________________ State: _________ Zip: ________________
The Mini Page’s popular series of issues about each state is collected here in a 156-page softcover book. Conveniently spiral-bound for ease of use, this invaluable resource contains A-to-Z facts about each state, along with the District of Columbia. Illustrated with colorful photographs and art, and complete with updated information, The Mini Page Book of States will be a favorite in classrooms and homes for years to come.
The Mini Page®
Book of StatesNEW!
Is chocolate one of your top treats? If so, you are not alone. The average American eats about 12 pounds each year. This adds up to more than 3 billion pounds! People buy about 48 million pounds of chocolate candy during Valentine’s week. They buy even more chocolate for Halloween, Easter and Christmas. To find out more, The Mini Page talked with experts from The Field Museum in Chicago, whose exhibit on chocolate is traveling to many cities.Where do we get chocolate? People make chocolate from the seeds of the cacao (kah-KOW) tree. It grows in the wild in the rainforests of Central and South America. It is also grown on farms in other tropical areas.
Special growing conditions Cacao trees grow about 30 feet tall. In the wild, taller trees growing around them protect them from tropical heat, wind and dryness. Decaying vegetation under the cacao trees is necessary too. Leaves and cacao pods fall beneath the cacao trees and rot in the moist rainforest. This decaying matter provides a perfect home for tiny flying insects called midges. The midges pollinate* (PAHL-uh-nate) the cacao flowers. They have the fastest wingbeats in the world, beating 1,000 times per second.
Designed for the rainforest Cacao flowers grow directly on the lower trunk and branches rather than just at the end of the branches. This makes it easier for the midges to pollinate the flowers. Cacao roots spread across the soil and decaying vegetation, which provide the cacao food and water. Because the soil is shallow, the roots also anchor the tree and help stop soil erosion.
© 2002 Comstock.com, courtesy The Field Museum
Richard Cadbury introduced the first Valentine’s boxed chocolates in 1868 in England. Today, people buy more than 36 million heart-shaped boxes of chocolates for Valentine’s Day.
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Cacao pulp is sweet, and animals and birds love to eat it. But they spit out the bitter seeds, which helps more trees grow.
Each cacao pod is about the size of a pineapple. Each pod holds roughly 30 to 50 seeds, enough to make about seven milk chocolate bars.
Celebrating Valentine’s Day
Mmmm! Chocolate!
Words that remind us of chocolate are hidden in the block below. Some words are hidden backward or diagonally. See if you can find: BAR, BOX, CACAO, CANDY, CEREMONIES, DRINK, EAT, EXPLORERS, GROW, HOT, MAYAN, MEXICO, MIDGE, MILK, POD, RAINFOREST, SEED, SPICES, SUGAR, TOP, TRADE, TREE, TROPICAL, VALENTINE, WILD.
Chocolate try ’nfind
TreaT yourself To chocolaTe!
C T G S E G D I M R A G U S M K A R R E P O D S E C I P S A M W C E O E R A B E D A R T Y E C I A E W D P O T K L I M A X A H L O L A C I P O R T M N I N E O D S E I N O M E R E C C D A V T E N I T N E L A V M O Y T S R E R O L P X E X O B K N I R D T S E R O F N I A R
from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick
Basset Brown
the news
Hound’s
TM
ready resourcesfrom The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick
The Mini Page provides ideas for websites, books or other resources that will help you learn more about this week’s topics. On the Web: • www.fieldmuseum.org/chocolate/kids.html • www.fieldmuseum.org/chocolate/tour.html • www.cadbury.co.uk/ At the library: • “The Story of Chocolate” by Caryn Jenner • “Chocolate: Riches From the Rainforest” by Robert Burleigh • “The Chocolate Tree: A Mayan Folktale” by Linda Lowery and Richard Keep
from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick
A Rich History
Europeans discover chocolate In the early 1500s, Spanish explorers learned of the valuable chocolate drink from the Aztecs. They took cacao seeds back to Spain. The Spanish mixed the drink with sugar. Chocolate and sugar were both expensive, so only the wealthy
could drink hot chocolate. In the next 100 years, visiting Europeans tasted it in Spain and wanted it too.
An ancient drink About 3,000 years ago, the Maya people in Mexico and Central America created a spicy chocolate drink. This was not the sweet chocolate we drink today. Cacao seeds are bitter-tasting. The Maya ground the seeds into a paste and mixed it with water. They gave their chocolate an even sharper taste by mixing it with spices such as red peppers. The Maya drank their chocolate in religious and political ceremonies. It was a valuable trade item, and they introduced their chocolate drink to other people, including the Aztecs.
Aztecs and chocolate Cacao trees did not grow in the cooler areas of what is now Mexico, where the Aztecs lived. They had to trade across long distances to get the seeds. Cacao seeds were so valuable that Aztecs used them as money in the 1400s to 1500s. They offered cacao seeds to their gods. Their chocolate drink was drunk mainly by royalty, priests, and warriors and merchants receiving special honors.
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Joh
n W
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, © 2
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This is a sculpture of the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl (kwet-suhl-kuh-WAH-tl). This god was seen as a feathered snake. The Aztecs believed that drinking chocolate could give them the wisdom and knowledge of Quetzalcoatl.
from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick
Cathy: Why is chocolate always tardy?Cassie: Because it is choco-late, not choco-early!
Chester: What kind of ice cream do monkeys eat?Carly: Chocolate-chimp!
TM
All the following jokes have something in common. Can you guess the common theme or category?
Carole: What drink did the electrician order?
Corey: A hot shockolate!
Mini Spy . . .Mini Spy is giving her mom some nice chocolate. See if you can find: • exclamation mark • word MINI • bell • lion • snake• arrow • duck • fish • kite• oven mitt • ring • letter E • heart• ladder • ruler • book • bird• pencil • seal • snail • number 7
from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick
TM
from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick
Meet Georgie Henley Georgie Henley stars as Lucy in the movie “Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.” Georgie first began acting in the “Chronicles of Narnia” movies when she was 7 years old. She is now 15. She was born in Ilkley, West Yorkshire, England. She has two older sisters. She was a member of a drama club in her hometown when she first
got the role of Lucy. When she was acting in the first film of the series, she wrote two books. She has appeared in TV programs in her own country. Georgie gives to a charity that helps orphaned children.
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Rookie Cookie’s RecipeDouble Chocolate Brownies
You’ll need:• 1 cup butter• 1 (8-ounce) package bittersweet
baking chocolate squares• 1 (12-ounce) package semisweet
chocolate chips, divided• 2 cups sugarWhat to do:1. Microwave butter, bittersweet chocolate squares and half of package of
chocolate chips for 2 to 3 minutes on high. Stir every 30 seconds until melted.2. Add sugar, eggs and vanilla; mix well.3. Blend flour and salt into mixture.4. In a separate bowl, mix walnuts, pecans and remaining chocolate chips.
Add to batter.5. Grease a 13-by-9-inch pan; spread batter evenly.6. Bake at 350 degrees for 30 minutes. Cool and cut into squares. You will need an adult’s help with this recipe. from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick
TM
• 4 large eggs• 1 teaspoon vanilla• 1 cup flour• 1/2 teaspoon salt• 1/2 cup chopped walnuts (optional)• 1/2 cup chopped pecans (optional)
from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick
At Last! Chocolate CandyHot new drink
In the 1600s and 1700s, special cafes called “chocolate houses”
sprang up in Europe. Wealthy people, mostly men, went to chocolate houses to socialize and drink hot chocolate. By the early 1700s, sweet hot chocolate was in such high demand throughout Europe that colonial powers forced African slaves to grow more sugar and cacao in tropical lands. Even after slavery ended, workers were forced to work in harsh conditions to produce chocolate and sugar for the wealthy. Chocolate turns solid In the late 1600s and the 1700s, Italian chefs began using chocolate as a flavoring in other foods. They liked it so much that they put chocolate in everything. They even coated liver in chocolate and fried it! Then, in 1776, a Frenchman invented a machine to grind cacao seeds into a paste. Other inventions soon followed. Producing chocolate became much easier and cheaper.
Better and better In the 1870s, a Swiss pharmacist, Henri Nestle, invented and produced a powdered milk for babies. His friend, Daniel Peter, invented the first milk chocolate, using Nestle’s products. At the same time, Rodolphe Lindt invented a machine to churn cacao paste into a creamy mixture, a big improvement on the earlier gritty candy. In 1893, Milton Hershey came across a new invention at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. This invention made chocolate production easier. He bought the equipment and built a factory in Pennsylvania. Today, chocolate is no longer just for the rich. It is a treat for everyone.
Chocolate candy Finally, after thousands of years, people invented solid chocolate candy. In 1847, Fry and Sons Co. in England sold the first solid chocolate candy. In 1868, Richard Cadbury began selling boxed chocolates. The Fry and Cadbury families led the way in fighting for workers’ rights. They refused to buy cacao from plantations where workers were forced to work in terrible conditions.
phot
o co
urte
sy U
SA
ID
Workers in Ecuador harvest cacao beans, or pods, for making chocolate. A USAID project is helping farmers grow, process and sell cacao so they can earn a fair wage. Today, international groups continue to fight against child labor and other poor conditions in cacao farming.
The Mini Page thanks Hilary Hansen Sanders; and Gary Feinman, curator of anthropology, Chicago Field Museum, for help with this issue.“Chocolate” and its national tour were developed by The Field Museum. This project is supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation.
Look through your newspaper for ads and recipes for chocolate. How many different chocolate products can you find during Valentine’s week?Next week, The Mini Page celebrates Presidents Day.
During World War II, most U.S. chocolate was given to the soldiers and sailors. Afterward, chocolate candy was even more popular.
Betty Debnam - Founding Editor and Editor at Large Lisa Tarry - Managing Editor Lucy Lien - Associate Editor Wendy Daley - Artist
The Mini Page Staff
from The Mini Page © 2011 Universal Uclick
Supersport: Blair BrownHeight: 6-5 Hometown: Purcellville, Va. Like a lion waiting to attack, Blair Brown lurks behind the volleyball net, then leaps and smashes a “kill” shot out of her opponent’s reach. That was a familiar sight at Penn State, where Brown used her height, might and competitive fight to help the Nittany
Lions win a fourth straight women’s volleyball national championship. A two-time All-American, Brown led her team this season in kills (winning shots) with 521. She also was a contributor on the three previous national title teams. In addition to volleyball, Blair lists music, watching movies and reading as other interests. A senior, she will leave Penn State with degrees in English and political science, All-America certificates and four NCAA championships. How much sweeter can it get?
TM
