From the Ashes of the Mongols The Rise of the Ottomans.
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Transcript of From the Ashes of the Mongols The Rise of the Ottomans.
![Page 1: From the Ashes of the Mongols The Rise of the Ottomans.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062309/5697bfce1a28abf838ca9a6d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
From the Ashes From the Ashes of the Mongolsof the Mongols
The Rise of the OttomansThe Rise of the Ottomans
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Osman Bey Osman Bey (1258-1326)(1258-1326)• Leader of nomadic
horse soldiers • Employed by
Seljuks to help fight the Mongols
• Took over weak Seljuk world in wake of the Mongols invasion
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A Rival in the Path of OsmanA Rival in the Path of Osman• Forbidden to
make war on Muslims, the only choice was to go toward Byzantium…
• Ottoman (Osman) Empire founded
Black Sea
Med Sea
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The Encircling of Constantinople The Encircling of Constantinople • Janissaries –
Muslims had tribal loyalties, not Christian slaves
• Taking the Balkans: - (1389) Battle of Kosovo beat Serbia - (1400) beat Bulgars
• Moving toward Bosporus and Dardanelles…
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Mehmet II Finishes the JobMehmet II Finishes the Job • 80,000 Janissaries
lay siege to 7,000 defenders at Constantinople–26’ Ottoman
cannons launched 1,200 lbs. balls
• Built Topkapi Palace from which to rule in Constantinople
1432-1481
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Completion of the Ottoman MapCompletion of the Ottoman Map• Sultan Selim I –
campaign from 1514-1517 takes Egypt, Arabia, Mesopotamia and pushes to Gibralter
–Takes title of Caliph as well1465-1520
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The Ottoman World StallsThe Ottoman World Stalls
• 1520, Sultan Suleyman wants Europe…
• Defeated Hungary, (who controlled exit from the Balkans) at the battle of Mohacs,1526
• At Vienna – stopped by Pole, Jan Sobieski, 1529
1494-1566
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The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire
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Politics of the EmpirePolitics of the Empire• Huge empire
too hard to control from Istanbul, local Pashas helped the Sultan
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The world of the SultanThe world of the Sultan• Sultanate hereditary,
though not primogeniture
–Successions violent, losers killed
• Insulated at Topkapi, the Harem and Queen mother have strong influence
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Religion in the EmpireReligion in the Empire• Ottomans are Sunni
& Sultan is the Caliph (theocracy)
• The Ulema – Muslim clerics who advised the Sultan.
–Set education laws
• Christians paid tax
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Ottoman SocietyOttoman Society• 1. The Ruling Class
• 2. Merchants- no taxes or regulations
• 3. Artisans – had guilds for quality
• 4. Peasants – Sultan gave out land
• 5. Pastoral People
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Women in SocietyWomen in Society• More Free than
other world societies–Could inherit &
own property. Could divorce.
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Ottoman ArtOttoman Art• From Mehmet on,
known for silks, pottery, rugs, jewelry and armor.
• New mosques based on Byzantine Church of Hagia Sofia. Sinan most famous architect.
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Problems in the EmpireProblems in the Empire• From the time of
Suleyman, who executed 2 most able sons, weakest then ruled –Selim II–Court members
became more powerful. Corruption grows…
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The Ottomans slip in PowerThe Ottomans slip in Power• Battle of Lepanto –
1571, Ottoman fleet sunk by Spain–Beginning of
transfer of power to Atlantic Europe
• 1683- failed effort to take Vienna again–Beginning of
leaving Europe
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The FinaleThe Finale• Broken up after World War I into
many Euro-controlled statesPurple – UK
Orange- FR
Pink – IT
Blue – SP
Tan -free
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Losing their Ottoman-nessLosing their Ottoman-ness• As Europe grows in
power, Ottomans try to act European…
• Sultan clamped down on Euro-pretenders to strengthen rule
–Beginning of
Cultural Imperial Anger by Muslims