From SOA to Cloud

7/31/2019 From SOA to Cloud

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From Service Oriented Architecture to Cloud

S.B. Goyal*, Aarti Goyal*, Ram Chatterjee*, Neha Singhal@, Ekta Tayal#

*MRCE, Faridabad, Haryana@RRCE, Banglore, Karnatka,

#AIMT, Greater Noida, Uttar [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Today, cloud is recognized as a key transformational trend in IT. It share resources among multiple applications;

help organizations reduce IT management complexity and skill requirements; speed up time to market; and carry

both existing and emerging, data-intensive workloads. Service oriented architecture is basically an architecture

framework that can be used in designing and implementing a cloud in real life and to build a shared platform & can

be used to provide the envisaged services. Service oriented architecture and clouds are complementary to each other

and can be pursued either independently or concurrently. In this paper, we address the move from software oriented

architecture to cloud and its practical feasibility.

KEYWORDS

Service oriented computing, cloud computing, service oriented architecture

1. Introduction

Service oriented computing [1] is nothing new. We are

used to with the purpose, concept and move to a)

mainframe, b) client and server architecture, c) cloud

model. Important issue is that why is the come back of

the computing model that was the driving force over

30-35 years ago? Because re-definition of data [14]and data is important to computer system and computer

processes the data. Size of the data is becoming too

large compared to the amount of data can be stored on

personal computer. Today, we can see all of these as a)

data sizes are large, b) data changes frequently, c) data

backup requirement, d) data is distributed, e) data

sharing needs a common mode of exchange, f) data

processing requirement, g) speed of Network, h) data

format is quit different organization to organization

and situation to situation etc. for example, google

maps, you tube. Job portals etc. The internet itself is a

vast source of data. We can found data for every

possible thing you can imagine, which is notpractically possible to store all these data in a single

centralized place, otherwise no need of internet. In its

present state, Internet is not manageable. We can found

abundant source of duplicate and redundant

information over the internet. Search engine relies on

technologies that does not read human mind or human

desire and therefore will never be perfect. If a search

engine (google, yahoo etc.) could be built that can read

all the pages of the all the documents and websites on

the Internet and interpreted them just like human, and

eliminate duplicate, redundant, fake contents, there

would not have been a need for any other kind of

computing, because the search engine could answer

anything. But, this is not yet possible.

This problem is handled by Service OrientedComputing, (SOC) [3],[4]. SOC is more manageable

due to the fact that services respond to specific

requests by clients. Unlike search engines, which scan

through practically all websites which is registered into

the search engine, SOC is scanned by clients from

service registries. A service registry is a database of all

the various kinds of services offered by service

providers. A search engine can search these registries

as well, but the utility of the service registry is to do

search (discover) for specific services and then

consume them usually by service consumers.

This is why services should be discoverable anddiscoverability is an important concept in Service

Oriented Architecture, (SOA) [5], a concept similar to

search engines, which discovers new sites from links.

Service Oriented Architecture, (SOA) is a term

frequently used without in depth knowledge of what it

is and what it is not. Users get frequently confused


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[13], [14] like SOA, SaaS, Cloud computing, Web

services, Web 2.0, WOA, POA and so on (see Fig. 1).

We are concentrating in this paper on SOA, SaaS and

cloud computing.

Fig.1: Position of Software as a service and Software

Oriented Architecture

Apart of data, Information Technology, IT [6] is

growing and moving from a traditional-support system

to a more contemporary and business-oriented services

model. Today, demand is to have anything, everything

and anytime as a service that can be a per-usage basis.

In this situation towards requirements for agility,

optimized usage, instant response and availability,

combined with the ever-green mantra of cost cutting,

have fuelled the growth of service-orientedarchitecture to software as a service. Earlier, many

such models exist like utility computing, grid

computing and new one is cloud computing. Cloud

provides everything as a service, aiming to provide a

more agile, scalable, flexible, efficient and cost-

effective infrastructure and application platform to the

customer.

But, it is only possible due to the existence of SOA.

SOA [7],[8] is another important concept which

influenced IT architectures. It promotes the use of

shared model of resources-process, applications and

data. It allows and exposes to well defined services/

information at and then abstracts then to modular

layers, which helps in application development, reuse

and integration of component.

In this paper, we move to SOA/ SaaS to cloud or cloud

to SOA/ SaaS. Layout of this paper is as follows. In

section 2, we explain the meaning of cloud, cloud

computing and its characteristics, cloud services. In

section 3, different perspectives of service oriented

architecture and software as a service. In section 4,

move to SOA to Cloud i.e. SOA and cloud work

together.

2. CloudToday, the cloud has gone from being a hypothetical

concept in analyst information to headline news. It has

suffered from a great agreement of industry and

confusion, with many vendors attaching a cloudlabel to services that are probably closer to on-demand computing or hosted applications.Researchers build number of computing models to

define the meaning of cloud. Every organization have

their own IT infrastructure. But, really, we need of this

infrastructure? Can we build the concept to more cost

effective to utilize IT infrastructure that is provided by

an outside body? Can it is possible to supply all the

required processing power (IT infrastructure) at a

lower cost than could be achieved by organizations

internally?

To achieve this objective, researchers introduced

number of terms like infrastructure-as-a-service

(IAS) [9], utility computing (UC)[10]. These two

terms are highly coupled to each other. UC is the

model for an outside organization providing IT

infrastructure in a self service model, where the

consumer is using IAS.

2.1 Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing, (CC) [11] is a special case of UC.

CC can define as IT atmosphere-encompassing all

essential elements of the full stack of IT and network

products with supporting services that enables the

development, delivery and utilization of cloud

services.

Cloud computing is any IT resource (including storage,

database, application development, application

services, etc.) that exists outside of the firewall and

may be leveraged by enterprise IT over the Internet.

The core idea behind cloud computing is that its much

cheaper and more efficient to leverage these types ofresources as-a-service, paying as you go and as you

need them, rather than buying more hardware and

software for the data center ahead of the need.

Today, we can draw several dimensions [12] of

Information Technology, IT like a) Infrastructure

Paradigm, b) Technology abstractions, c) Application


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domains, and d) Service models. These dimensions are

shown in Fig.2.

Fig.2: IT dimensions with examples and position of

cloud computing

Cloud computing could impact these entire dimensions

from the Consumer world as well as Enterprise world

perspectives as shown in Fig. 2. IT offers consumable

software & services usually deliver over the internet,

mobile phone and other ubiquitous channels.

Enterprise world and consumer world creates by Real

world. Business model offer software & services to

Enterprise world and Consumer world as shown in

Fig.3.

Fig.3: IT manage Consumer world and Enterprise world

We can utilize CC for number of activities like off-line

access, online resources, 3rd

party integration,

outsource process, online storage, platforms, online

office, online collaboration. Shared resources, shared

calendars etc (see Fig.4).

Fig.4: Several activities offered by cloud computing

CC must hold following three essential characteristics

for the purposeful implementation:

Flexibility with scaling It can handle very smallto large processing tasks, and can be adjusted in real-

life to match on-demand. For example, an organization

needs 5 servers in one day and 4,000 the next day. The

cloud must handle such a dynamically varyingrequests/ requirements.

b) Concept of pay for use: It must offer thecapability to pay for use of IT infrastructure on a short-

term basis on demand/ need and release them when

they are idle & no longer useful to handle the

significant cost-effective benefits. E.g. need of

advance processor for the hour or big storage space for

the single day.

c) Efficiency with scaling: It must offer pooledcomputing power, performing like a single large

machine. It must share tasks across this pool reduces

costs and especially improves processing speeds.

2.2 Cloud Services

Are Cloud Services (CS) [11] are different from cloud

computing? Yes. These are a specific type of

Software-as-a-Service. CS provide the automated

processes that are delivered using CC. CS can usefully

be thought of as being made up of different distinct

layers as follows (see Fig.5):


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Fig.5: Different layers of cloud service

a) Initial layer-Computing Power andResources: i.e. Clod Computing: It is allabout computing power and IT resources that

enterprises require to deliver a application or

service, storage, processing, network andservers. Some CS may use all of these

components; others can use one or two. This

layer is the same as CC.

b) Middle layer-Cloud Platform: Itenables that enterprise to add specific services

that rely on the CC layer (initial layer) for

their power. Enterprises can use different

platforms for different situations. For

example, a platform supplied by a company

such as IBM to manage access to alltechnology services in the Initial layer of the

cloud, such as Capegemini to provideindustry specific services for processes in

the final layer.

c) Final Layer-Cloud Services:It is mostimportant layer where businesses can

differentiate themselves in a service oriented

architecture (SOA) and cloud environment-

by hiring particular services, adding value and

selling them, IT companies can create

enormous flexibility and efficiency in

competitive advantage manner.

We can found many X-as-a-service like Internet-based service, Infrastructure as a service, Platform

as a service, Software as a service for managing &

Provisioning virtualization, configuration,

application software etc and corresponding

vendors are shown in Fig. 6.

3. Service Oriented Architecture and

Software as a Service

Main objective of SOA and SaaS to get the maximum

benefits of cost reduction and agility. It is highly

recommended to integrate both together.

Fig.6: Examples of Cloud Computing Services and

Vendors

A SOA is a set of principles and methodologies for

designing and developing software in the form of

interoperable services and these services are well-

defined business functionalities that are built as

software components for reusability. SOA solutions

help IT organizations to migrate to an infrastructurecomposed of different services that can be

orchestrated, assembled, and re-used.

SOA is a relate to new term service as it relates to a

software service has been around since at least the

early 1990s. We found that SOA is a means of

designing and building software by applying the

service oriented computing principles to software

solutions and treated as a manufacturing model.

SaaS is a means of receiving software through an

outside party over the internet to your business similar

to electricity power or mobile phone utilities and

treated as a distributed and sales model.

SOA is an architectural model in which the smallest

unit of logic is a service. SaaS is a means of delivering

software as services over the internet to its subscribers.

So, SOA (an architectural strategy) and SaaS (a

business model) cannot be directly compared.

4. SOA and Cloud Computing Together

We can bring the SOA to cloud for the ultimate goal to

create a cloud of services (see Fig. 7). This is two steps

process: a) Virtualized the services and b) Manage the

virtualization


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Fig.7: SOA traverse through an cloud

When we look at CC in very plain terms, solutions

usually constitute a set of virtualized resources and

capabilities that allow those resources to be managed.

Virtualizing the services in a SOA is a logical first step

then toward moving to a cloud-enabled SOA. There

are solutions in the marketplace today, the WebSphere

CloudBurst Appliance being one, which provide users

a virtual packaging that includes an operating system,service infrastructure, and service. In effect, the service

becomes a virtualizedresource, thus enabling thenextvery important step in bringing the cloud to a SOA.

Virtualization alone does not a cloud make, so after

users successfully virtualize the services in their SOA,

capabilities to manage such virtualization need to be

put in place. Here bring cloud-like characteristics to

the service virtualization. These include the ability to

create, deploy, dynamically allocate, and track usage

of these virtualized services. This results in an elastic

cloud and one in which usage across the cloud can be

tracked to facilitate the utility pricing model so often

associated with clouds.

4.1 Overlap between Cloud and SOA

Cloud allows business to expand or contact the IT

footprint, based on immediate demand and provides a

platform for developers to build customized

applications. In CC, software are provided as web

services, infrastructure components are provided as

hardware elements, applications are exposed as APIs

to outer world i.e. consumer or enterprise world. These

elements build a complete or partial IT landscape oncloud. The success of a cloud model depends on its

ability to multi-tenant combined with the necessary

information security.

Paste table

CloudSOA Overlapping

between Cloud &

SOA

1.On-

demand

computing

2.Pay Per

usage

3.Utility

computing

4.Multi-

occupancy/

shared

model

5.X-as-a-

service(XaaS)

1.Consistenc

y

2.Shared

services

3.Services

orientation

4.Services

integration

5.Abstraction

1.Re-use of design

& process

2.Architectural

patterns

3.Shared services

models

4.Standardization

5.Service provider

consumer model

Table 1: Overlap Between Cloud and SOA

SOA defines architectural principles for enterprising

systems by defining interfaces, processes and

communication between various sub-systems, by

focusing on predictable service behaviours and

patterns. SOA encompasses a repository of service

components and processes that a service consumer can

invoke. Another side, at a higher level of

encapsulation, SOA is a set of services, termed as web

services, which are standards such as REST, WSDL,

SOAP etc. SOA generates the principles of componentreuse and a well defined relationship between a

service-consumer and service provider. SOA enables

the recurring use of existing application functionality

and attempts to share common services, information,

and process across the organization. We can see the

overlap between cloud and SOA in Table 1`.

4.2 Success Factors for SOA and Cloud

together

There are some success factors for SOA and cloud

work together for the successful execution of

application as follows:

a. Requirements Gathering: It is veryimportant to understand the completeimplications of a change (traditional to SOA

or Cloud) and desired & risk of undesired

outcomes.


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b. Skills and Training: Moving from SOAto cloud or moving from cloud to SOA will

use of new processes, new ways of thinking,

and new technologies. It needs new

approaches, skills, and technology training is

the largest challenge an organization will

face. So, it is important to understand andprogramming techniques and standards to

introduce new business process in an

organization. It is important that SOA and

cloud are not seen as technologies in search of

the problem. Both joined together and

covering and providing new business market,

new products etc.

c. Security: Moving from traditional ITarchitecture to centralized IT architecture

using cloud can open up a business to new

risks. It is important to forever investigate

who is responsible for securing the cloud andwhether their security matches the

organizations expectations in a cloud

environment. If not, the organization should

work with an associate/ partner to ensure that

all areas of security across the architecture are

sufficient. Utilizing specific techniques within

SOA can improve security such as using an

intermediary for message and run-time policy

enforcement to ensure that communications

are secure.

d. Scalability: This is very importantconsideration in cloud computingenvironment. It is important to know where

the breakpoints are in terms of scalability of

services, for services that an organization

hosts internally, evaluate service performance

is something that should be done whenever a

new or modified service utilized by a new

group of users and recommended the

consideration of the performance testing, even

an organization is already using CS or not

before any new applications are launched.

e. Accessibility All cloud services areinvoked using the standards and protocols thatSOA utilizes. The cloud is accessible through

a SOA interface.

f. Visibility It is only possible to find theservice that closely meets a companys needs

with SOA tools and techniques.

g. Extensibility In case, organisation cannotfind a service that exactly meets its needs. It

may require to put multiple services together,

and change the operation of a service. CS can

be changed and customized using SOA tools

and techniques.

h. Matching expectations Most importantconsideration of cloud computing is provided

a way that matches the expectation of the

user. e is a need of clear agreement that

specify the responsibilities of each party

(service provider and service user). If any

organisation uses the cloud, every stakeholder

should know how to work with contract

services, and the best way to develop this

knowledge is by using SOA as the

organizationals internal architecture in

addition to the interface to the cloud.

i. Devotion to standards There is need tofollow the same standards and best practices

by the companys applications and cloud

service. So, it is important that a company

utilizes SOA in its organization. SOA policy

management techniques validate that an

organization follow appropriate cloud

standards.

5. Conclusion

A cloud can be built and managed without the actual

SOA practices, and also SOA can work without cloud.SOA and cloud computing are complementary

activities; both will play important roles in IT planning

for senior leadership teams for years to come. Cloud

computing and SOA can be pursued independently or

concurrently, where cloud computings platform and

storage service offerings can provide a value-added

underpinning for SOA efforts. Cloud computing does

not replace SOA or the use of distributed the

successful use of cloud computing is more about

people and processes than it is about technology andhype. This is about changing the way we think about

software and systems, and how they are delivered.

Simply put, SOA is what you do, and cloud

computing is how you do it. The linksbetween SOAand cloud computing are strong. The relationshipbetween cloud computing and SOA is that cloud

computing provides IT resources you can leverage on

demand, including resources that host data, services,

and processes. Thus you have the ability to extend

your SOA outside of the enterprise firewall to cloud


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computing providers, seeking the benefits of cloud

computing. SOA can solve the architectural issues

within cloud. Cloud will change the way of enterprise

to buy and develop software.

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