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22 Collection 1: Encounters and Foundations to 1800Part 1
LITERARY FOCUS: FIGURES OF SPEECHWriters use figures of speech to help us see the world in new, imaginative
ways. A figure of speech compares one thing to another, very different,
thing. In “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” Jonathan Edwards uses
figures of speech to make his readers experience the horrors he is describ-
ing. In one memorable example, he describes “wickedness” as being “heavy
as lead.” By using this figure of speech, a simile, Edwards compares the idea
of wickedness to an everyday material his audience is familiar with. The
figure of speech helps them feel the dead weight of wickedness.
What’s the Difference? Three of the most commonly occurring figures of
speech are simile, metaphor, and personification.
• A simile compares two unlike things, using a word such as like, as, than,
or resembles: Her heart is as cold as a dungeon.
• A metaphor compares two different things without using such words
as like or as: Life is a carnival.
• Personification gives human characteristics to objects, animals, or
abstractions: The flowers nodded their heads in agreement.
READING SKILLS: IDENTIFYING AN AUTHOR’S PURPOSEMost writers have a purpose for putting words to paper. Some writers want
to create a whole imaginative world of their own. Some want to share
information. Some want to convey a message to their readers. Others hope
to tap into readers’ feelings or reason and persuade them to accept a way
of thinking or to take some particular action. Jonathan Edwards’s vivid,
intense sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” was written with a
clear purpose_to make the experience of hell so real and frightening that
people in his audience would change their lives.
Use the Skill As you read the selection, circle the details that reveal the
author’s purpose.
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from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God by Jonathan Edwards
Literary SkillsUnderstand
figures ofspeech.
ReadingSkills
Identify anauthor’spurpose.
Review SkillsUnderstand
figurativelanguage and
imagery.
Look for examples ofthe following as youread this selection.
FIGURATIVELANGUAGE
Language used in anonliteral way, usuallyinvolving imaginativecomparisons such assimiles and metaphors.
IMAGERY Language that appealsto the senses.
REVIEW SKILLSREVIEW SKILLS
So that, thus it is that natural men1 are held in the hand of God,
over the pit of hell; they have deserved the fiery pit, and are
already sentenced to it; and God is dreadfully provoked, His
anger is as great toward them as to those that are actually suffer-
ing the executions of the fierceness of His wrath in hell, and they
have done nothing in the least to appease or abate2 that anger,
neither is God in the least bound by any promise to hold them
up one moment: The devil is waiting for them, hell is gaping for
them, the flames gather and flash about them, and would fain3
lay hold on them, and swallow them up; the fire pent up in their
own hearts is struggling to break out: And they have no interest
in any Mediator,4 there are no means within reach that can be
any security to them.
In short, they have no refuge, nothing to take hold of; all
that preserves them every moment is the mere arbitrary will,
and uncovenanted, unobliged forbearance5 of an incensed6 God.
The use of this awful subject may be for awakening uncon-
verted persons in this congregation. This that you have heard is
the case of every one of you that are out of Christ. That world
of misery, that lake of burning brimstone, is extended abroad
under you. There is the dreadful pit of the glowing flames of the
wrath of God; there is hell’s wide gaping mouth open; and you
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from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God 23
10
20
provoked (pr¥ · v£kt√) v. used as adj.: angered.
appease (¥ · p≤z√) v.: calm;satisfy.
Re-read lines 8-10. Circle thenouns, and underline theverbs and verb forms thatcreate images of horror.(Review Skill)
1. natural men: people who have not been “reborn.”2. abate v.: reduce in amount or intensity.3. fain adv.: archaic word meaning “happily” or “gladly.”4. Mediator: Jesus Christ. In general, one who intervenes between two
parties in conflict.5. forbearance n.: tolerance or restraint.6. incensed v. used as adj.: angered; enraged.
Jonathan Edwards
Re-read lines 17-21. Whatdoes Edwards say is his purpose for discussing thesubject of sinners and punishment? Underline theanswer.
Underline the images in lines19-22 that help you picturethis “world of misery.”(Review Skill)
from
have nothing to stand upon,
nor anything to take hold of;
there is nothing between you
and hell but the air; it is only
the power and mere pleasure
of God that holds you up.
You probably are not
sensible of this; you find you
are kept out of hell, but do
not see the hand of God in it;
but look at other things, as
the good state of your bodily constitution, your care of your
own life, and the means you use for your own preservation. But
indeed these things are nothing; if God should withdraw His
hand, they would avail no more to keep you from falling, than
the thin air to hold up a person that is suspended in it.
Your wickedness makes you as it were heavy as lead, and
to tend downward with great weight and pressure toward hell;
and if God should let you go, you would immediately sink and
swiftly descend and plunge into the bottomless gulf, and your
healthy constitution, and your own care and prudence, and best
contrivance, and all your righteousness, would have no more
influence to uphold you and keep you out of hell, than a spider’s
web would have to stop a fallen rock. . . .
The wrath of God is like great waters that are dammed for
the present; they increase more and more, and rise higher and
higher, till an outlet is given; and the longer the stream is
stopped, the more rapid and mighty is its course, when once it is
let loose. It is true, that judgment against your evil works has
not been executed hitherto; the floods of God’s vengeance have
been withheld; but your guilt in the meantime is constantly
increasing, and you are every day treasuring up more wrath; the
waters are constantly rising, and waxing more and more mighty;
and there is nothing but the mere pleasure of God that holds the
waters back, that are unwilling to be stopped, and press hard to
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24 Collection 1: Encounters and Foundations to 1800Part 1
constitution(kän≈st¥ · tº√◊¥n) n.:physical condition.
contrivance (k¥n · tr¢√v¥ns) n.:scheme; plan.
Lines 47-51 contain a power-ful simile. To what isEdwards comparing God’swrath? Underline the answer.(Review Skill)
According to Edwards, whatwould happen if God wereto “withdraw His hand” (lines 29-38)?
State the message of lines39-46 in your own words.
30
40
50
Reverend Jonathan Edwards(1750–1755) by Joseph Badger. Oilon canvas (281⁄2″× 22″).
Yale
Un
iver
sity
Art
Gal
lery
. Beq
ues
t o
f Eu
gen
e Ph
elp
sEd
war
ds
(193
8.74
).
go forward. If God should only withdraw His hand from the
floodgate, it would immediately fly open, and the fiery floods
of the fierceness and wrath of God, would rush forth with
inconceivable fury, and would come upon you with
omnipotent power; and if your strength were ten thousand
times greater than it is, yea, ten thousand times greater than
the strength of the stoutest, sturdiest devil in hell, it would be
nothing to withstand or endure it.
The bow of God’s wrath is bent, and the arrow made ready
on the string, and justice bends the arrow at your heart, and
strains the bow, and it is nothing but the mere pleasure of God,
and that of an angry God, without any promise or obligation at
all, that keeps the arrow one moment from being made drunk
with your blood. Thus all you that never passed under a great
change of heart, by the mighty power of the Spirit of God upon
your souls; all you that were never born again, and made new
creatures, and raised from being dead in sin, to a state of new,
and before altogether unexperienced light and life, are in the
hands of an angry God. However you may have reformed your
life in many things, and may have had religious affections,7 and
may keep up a form of religion in your families and closets,8 and
in the house of God, it is nothing but His mere pleasure that
keeps you from being this moment swallowed up in everlasting
destruction. However unconvinced you may now be of the truth
of what you hear, by and by you will be fully convinced of it.
Those that are gone from being in the like circumstances with
you, see that it was so with them; for destruction came suddenly
upon most of them; when they expected nothing of it, and while
they were saying, peace and safety: Now they see, that those
things on which they depended for peace and safety, were noth-
ing but thin air and empty shadows.
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from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God 25
60
70
80
Underline the extendedmetaphor in lines 66-71 thatEdwards uses to describeGod’s wrath. Explain themetaphor in your ownwords. (Review Skill)
7. affections n. pl.: feelings.8. closets n. pl.: rooms for prayer and meditation.
What does Edwards believewill happen to people whopractice religion but haven’tgiven themselves to God(lines 76-81)?
inconceivable (in≈k¥n · s≤v√¥ · b¥l) adj.:unimaginable; beyondunderstanding.
omnipotent (äm · nip√¥ · t¥nt)adj.: all-powerful.
The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one
holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors
you, and is dreadfully provoked: His wrath toward you burns
like fire; He looks upon you as worthy of nothing else but to be
cast into the fire; He is of purer eyes than to bear to have you in
His sight; you are ten thousand times more abominable in His
eyes than the most hateful venomous serpent is in ours. You
have offended Him infinitely more than ever a stubborn rebel
did his prince; and yet it is nothing but His hand that holds you
from falling into the fire every moment. It is to be ascribed to
nothing else, that you did not go to hell the last night; that you
was suffered to awake again in this world, after you closed your
eyes to sleep. And there is no other reason to be given, why you
have not dropped into hell since you arose in the morning, but
that God’s hand has held you up. There is no other reason to be
given why you have not gone to hell, since you have sat here in
the house of God, provoking His pure eyes by your sinful
wicked manner of attending His solemn worship. Yea, there is
nothing else that is to be given as a reason why you do not this
very moment drop down into hell.
O sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: It is a
great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire
of wrath, that you are held over in the hand of that God, whose
wrath is provoked and incensed as much against you, as against
many of the damned in hell. You hang by a slender thread, with
the flames of divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every
moment to singe it, and burn it asunder;9 and you have no
interest in any Mediator, and nothing to lay hold of to save
yourself, nothing to keep off the flames of wrath, nothing of
your own, nothing that you ever have done, nothing that you
can do, to induce God to spare you one moment. . . .
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26 Collection 1: Encounters and Foundations to 1800Part 1
90
100
110
abhors (ab · hôrz√) v.: scorns;hates.
abominable(¥ · bäm√¥ · n¥ · b¥l) adj.:hateful; disgusting.
ascribed (¥ · skr¢bd√) v.:regarded as coming from a certain cause.
induce (in · dºs√) v.:persuade; force; cause.
Read the boxed passagealoud two times. On the first read, pay attention topunctuation signaling whenyou should pause, when youshould come to a completestop, and where you shoulduse your voice to show emotion. The second timeyou read, try to bringEdwards’s imagery to life.
9. asunder adv.: into pieces.
Re-read lines 98-103.Underline the phrases thatsum up Edwards’s beliefabout why sinners have notfallen into the fires of hell.
Re-read lines 89-95. Whattwo creatures does Edwards compare sinners to?
from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God 27
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erve
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from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
Reading Skills: Identifying an Author’s Purpose Most authors have a
purpose, or reason, for writing. Jonathan Edwards’s purpose for writing
“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” is very clear, and his vivid details and
frightening metaphors help him get his message across. Fill in the chart below
with some details from the sermon that reveal Edwards’s purpose for writing.
Author’s Purpose
To scare his congregation into obeying the word of God
Passage 1
Passage 3
Passage 2
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provoked
appease
constitution
contrivance
inconceivable
omnipotent
abhors
abominable
ascribed
induce
Word BoxWord Box
VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT
DIRECTIONS: Write vocabulary words from the Word Box on the correct blanks to com-
plete the paragraph. Not all words will be used.
Jonathan Edwards’s emotional sermons described an all-powerful,
(1) God. Edwards wanted to
(2) , or force, his listeners to obey God. His descrip-
tions of God were not meant to calm or (3) the
fears of his audience. Instead, he wanted them to believe that God’s anger
was (4) by their sins. Many modern readers find
Edwards’s scare tactics loathsome and (5) .
from Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
28 Collection 1: Encounters and Foundations to 1800Part 1
VocabularySkills
Use vocabularyin context.
Understandprefixes and
suffixes.
_____ 1. omnipresent a. “come together”
_____ 2. arguable b. “able to be argued”
_____ 3. attendance c. “state of being present at (an event)”
_____ 4. converge d. “able to be broken”
_____ 5. breakable e. “everywhere; present at all times”
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXESA prefix is a letter, syllable, or word part that is added to the beginning of a
word. A suffix is a letter, syllable, or word part that is added to the end
of a word. Both prefixes and suffixes change the meaning of a word.
DIRECTIONS: Using the information in the box, match each numbered word
with its definition. Write the letters on the blanks.
Common Prefixes and Suffixes
con- means “with” or “together” -able means “capable of”
omni- means “all” -ance means “state of being”
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Student Pages with Answers 13
So t
hat
,thu
s it
is t
hat
nat
ura
l men
1ar
e h
eld
in t
he
han
d of
God
,
over
th
e pi
t of
hel
l;th
ey h
ave
dese
rved
th
e fi
ery
pit,
and
are
alre
ady
sen
ten
ced
to it
;an
d G
od is
dre
adfu
lly p
rovo
ked
,His
ange
r is
as
grea
t to
war
d th
em a
s to
th
ose
that
are
act
ual
ly s
uff
er-
ing
the
exec
uti
ons
ofth
e fi
erce
nes
s of
His
wra
th in
hel
l,an
d th
ey
hav
e do
ne
not
hin
g in
th
e le
ast
to a
pp
ease
or a
bate
2th
at a
nge
r,
nei
ther
is G
od in
th
e le
ast
bou
nd
by a
ny p
rom
ise
to h
old
them
up
one
mom
ent:
Th
e de
vil i
s w
aiti
ng
for
them
,hel
l is
gapi
ng
for
them
,th
e fl
ames
gat
her
an
d fl
ash
abo
ut
them
,an
d w
ould
fai
n3
lay
hol
d on
th
em,a
nd
swal
low
th
em u
p;th
e fi
re p
ent
up
in t
hei
r
own
hea
rts
is s
tru
gglin
g to
bre
ak o
ut:
An
d th
ey h
ave
no
inte
rest
in a
ny M
edia
tor,
4th
ere
are
no
mea
ns
wit
hin
rea
ch t
hat
can
be
any
secu
rity
to
them
.
In s
hor
t,th
ey h
ave
no
refu
ge,n
oth
ing
to t
ake
hol
d of
;all
that
pre
serv
es t
hem
eve
ry m
omen
t is
th
e m
ere
arbi
trar
y w
ill,
and
un
cove
nan
ted,
un
oblig
ed f
orbe
aran
ce5
ofan
ince
nse
d6 G
od.
Th
e u
se o
fth
is a
wfu
l su
bjec
t m
ay b
e fo
r aw
aken
ing
un
con
-
vert
ed p
erso
ns
in t
his
con
greg
atio
n.T
his
th
at y
ou h
ave
hea
rd is
the
case
of
ever
y on
e of
you
th
at a
re o
ut
ofC
hri
st.T
hat
wor
ld
ofm
iser
y,th
at la
ke o
fbu
rnin
g br
imst
one,
is e
xten
ded
abro
ad
un
der
you
.Th
ere
is t
he
drea
dfu
l pit
of
the
glow
ing
flam
es o
fth
e
wra
th o
fG
od;t
her
e is
hel
l’s w
ide
gapi
ng
mou
th o
pen
;an
d yo
u
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
fro
mSi
nn
ers
in t
he
Han
ds
of
an A
ng
ry G
od
23
10 20
pro
voke
d (
pr¥
· v£
kt√)
v.
use
d a
s ad
j.: a
ng
ered
.
app
ease
(¥· p
≤z√)
v.:
calm
;sa
tisf
y.
Re-
read
lin
es 8-
10. C
ircl
e th
en
ou
ns,
an
d u
nd
erlin
e th
eve
rbs
and
ver
b f
orm
s th
atcr
eate
imag
eso
f h
orr
or.
(Rev
iew
Ski
ll)
1.n
atu
ral m
en: p
eop
le w
ho
hav
e n
ot
bee
n “
reb
orn
.”2.
abat
ev.
:red
uce
in a
mo
un
t o
r in
ten
sity
.3.
fain
adv.
:arc
hai
c w
ord
mea
nin
g “
hap
pily
” o
r “g
lad
ly.”
4.M
edia
tor:
Jesu
s C
hri
st. I
n g
ener
al, o
ne
wh
o in
terv
enes
bet
wee
n t
wo
par
ties
in c
on
flic
t.5.
forb
eara
nce
n.:
tole
ran
ce o
r re
stra
int.
6.in
cen
sed
v.u
sed
as
adj.:
ang
ered
; en
rag
ed.
Jon
ath
an E
dw
ard
s
Re-
read
lin
es 1
7-21
. Wh
atd
oes
Ed
war
ds
say
is h
is
pu
rpo
sefo
r d
iscu
ssin
g t
he
sub
ject
of
sin
ner
s an
d
pu
nis
hm
ent?
Un
der
line
the
answ
er.
Un
der
line
the
imag
esin
lin
es19-
22 t
hat
hel
p y
ou
pic
ture
this
“w
orl
d o
f m
iser
y.”
(Rev
iew
Ski
ll)
from
22
Co
llect
ion
1:
Enco
un
ters
an
d F
ou
nd
atio
ns
to 1
800
Part
1
LITE
RARY
FO
CUS:
FIG
URES
OF
SPEE
CHW
rite
rs u
se f
igu
res
of
spee
chto
hel
p u
s se
e th
e w
orl
d in
new
, im
agin
ativ
e
way
s. A
fig
ure
of
spee
ch c
om
par
es o
ne
thin
g t
o a
no
ther
, ver
y d
iffe
ren
t,
thin
g. I
n “
Sin
ner
s in
th
e H
and
s o
f an
An
gry
Go
d,”
Jo
nat
han
Ed
war
ds
use
s
fig
ure
s o
f sp
eech
to
mak
e h
is r
ead
ers
exp
erie
nce
the
ho
rro
rs h
e is
des
crib
-
ing
. In
on
e m
emo
rab
le e
xam
ple
, he
des
crib
es “
wic
ked
nes
s” a
s b
ein
g “
hea
vy
as le
ad.”
By
usi
ng
th
is f
igu
re o
f sp
eech
, a s
imile
,Ed
war
ds
com
par
es t
he
idea
of
wic
ked
nes
s to
an
eve
ryd
ay m
ater
ial h
is a
ud
ien
ce is
fam
iliar
wit
h. T
he
fig
ure
of
spee
ch h
elp
s th
emfe
elth
e d
ead
wei
gh
t o
f w
icke
dn
ess.
Wha
t’s
the
Diff
eren
ce?
Thre
e o
f th
e m
ost
co
mm
on
ly o
ccu
rrin
g f
igu
res
of
spee
ch a
re s
imile
, met
aph
or,
and
per
son
ific
atio
n.
•A
sim
ileco
mp
ares
tw
o u
nlik
e th
ing
s, u
sin
g a
wo
rd s
uch
as
like,
as,
th
an,
or
rese
mb
les:
Her
hea
rt is
as
cold
as
a d
un
geo
n.
•A
met
aph
or
com
par
es t
wo
dif
fere
nt
thin
gs
wit
ho
ut
usi
ng
su
ch w
ord
s
as li
keo
r as
: Lif
e is
a c
arn
ival
.
•Pe
rso
nif
icat
ion
giv
es h
um
an c
har
acte
rist
ics
to o
bje
cts,
an
imal
s, o
r
abst
ract
ion
s: T
he
flo
wer
s n
od
ded
th
eir
hea
ds
in a
gre
emen
t.
READ
ING
SKIL
LS:
IDEN
TIFY
ING
AN A
UTHO
R’S
PURP
OSE
Mo
st w
rite
rs h
ave
a p
urp
ose
fo
r p
utt
ing
wo
rds
to p
aper
. So
me
wri
ters
wan
t
to c
reat
e a
wh
ole
imag
inat
ive
wo
rld
of
thei
r o
wn
. So
me
wan
t to
sh
are
info
rmat
ion
. So
me
wan
t to
co
nve
y a
mes
sag
e to
th
eir
read
ers.
Oth
ers
ho
pe
to t
ap in
to r
ead
ers’
fee
ling
s o
r re
aso
n a
nd
per
suad
e th
em t
o a
ccep
t a
way
of
thin
kin
g o
r to
tak
e so
me
par
ticu
lar
acti
on
. Jo
nat
han
Ed
war
ds’
s vi
vid
,
inte
nse
ser
mo
n “
Sin
ner
s in
th
e H
and
s o
f an
An
gry
Go
d”
was
wri
tten
wit
h a
clea
r p
urp
ose_
to m
ake
the
exp
erie
nce
of
hel
l so
rea
l an
d f
rig
hte
nin
g t
hat
peo
ple
in h
is a
ud
ien
ce w
ou
ld c
han
ge
thei
r liv
es.
Use
the
Ski
llA
s yo
u r
ead
th
e se
lect
ion
, cir
cle
the
det
ails
th
at r
evea
l th
e
auth
or’
s p
urp
ose
.
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
from
Sinn
ers
in t
he H
ands
of
an A
ngry
God
by
Jona
than
Edw
ards
Lit
era
ry S
kills
Und
erst
and
figu
res
ofsp
eech
.
Readin
gSkills
Iden
tify
an
auth
or’s
purp
ose.
Revie
w S
kills
Und
erst
and
figu
rati
vela
ngua
ge a
ndim
ager
y.
Look
for
exa
mpl
es o
fth
e fo
llow
ing
as y
oure
ad t
his
sele
ctio
n.
FIG
UR
ATIV
ELA
NG
UA
GE
Lang
uage
use
d in
ano
nlit
eral
way
, usu
ally
invo
lvin
g im
agin
ativ
eco
mpa
riso
ns s
uch
assi
mile
s an
d m
etap
hors
.
IMA
GERY
Lang
uage
tha
t ap
peal
sto
the
sen
ses.
REV
IEW
SK
ILLS
REV
IEW
SK
ILLS
Collection 1Student pages 22–23
14 The Holt Reader: Teacher’s Manual
go f
orw
ard.
IfG
od s
hou
ld o
nly
wit
hdr
aw H
is h
and
from
th
e
floo
dgat
e,it
wou
ld im
med
iate
ly f
ly o
pen
,an
d th
e fi
ery
floo
ds
ofth
e fi
erce
nes
s an
d w
rath
of
God
,wou
ld r
ush
for
th w
ith
inco
nce
ivab
lefu
ry,a
nd
wou
ld c
ome
upo
n y
ou w
ith
omn
ipot
ent
pow
er;a
nd
ifyo
ur
stre
ngt
h w
ere
ten
th
ousa
nd
tim
es g
reat
er t
han
it is
,yea
,ten
th
ousa
nd
tim
es g
reat
er t
han
the
stre
ngt
h o
fth
e st
oute
st,s
turd
iest
dev
il in
hel
l,it
wou
ld b
e
not
hin
g to
wit
hst
and
or e
ndu
re it
.
Th
e bo
w o
fG
od’s
wra
th is
ben
t,an
d th
e ar
row
mad
e re
ady
on t
he
stri
ng,
and
just
ice
ben
ds t
he
arro
w a
t yo
ur
hea
rt,a
nd
stra
ins
the
bow
,an
d it
is n
oth
ing
but
the
mer
e pl
easu
re o
fG
od,
and
that
of
an a
ngr
y G
od,w
ith
out
any
prom
ise
or o
blig
atio
n a
t
all,
that
kee
ps t
he
arro
w o
ne
mom
ent
from
bei
ng
mad
e dr
un
k
wit
h y
our
bloo
d.T
hus
all y
ou t
hat
nev
er p
asse
d u
nde
r a
grea
t
chan
ge o
fh
eart
,by
the
mig
hty
pow
er o
fth
e Sp
irit
of
God
upo
n
you
r so
uls
;all
you
th
at w
ere
nev
er b
orn
aga
in,a
nd
mad
e n
ew
crea
ture
s,an
d ra
ised
fro
m b
ein
g de
ad in
sin
,to
a st
ate
ofn
ew,
and
befo
re a
ltog
eth
er u
nex
peri
ence
d lig
ht
and
life,
are
in t
he
han
ds o
fan
an
gry
God
.How
ever
you
may
hav
e re
form
ed y
our
life
in m
any
thin
gs,a
nd
may
hav
e h
ad r
elig
iou
s af
fect
ion
s,7
and
may
kee
p u
p a
form
of
relig
ion
in y
our
fam
ilies
an
d cl
oset
s,8
and
in t
he
hou
se o
fG
od,i
t is
not
hin
g bu
t H
is m
ere
plea
sure
th
at
keep
s yo
u f
rom
bei
ng
this
mom
ent
swal
low
ed u
p in
eve
rlas
tin
g
dest
ruct
ion
.How
ever
un
conv
ince
d yo
u m
ay n
ow b
e of
the
tru
th
ofw
hat
you
hea
r,by
an
d by
you
will
be
fully
con
vin
ced
ofit
.
Th
ose
that
are
gon
e fr
om b
ein
g in
th
e lik
e ci
rcu
mst
ance
s w
ith
you
,see
th
at it
was
so
wit
h t
hem
;for
des
tru
ctio
n c
ame
sudd
enly
upo
n m
ost
ofth
em;w
hen
th
ey e
xpec
ted
not
hin
g of
it,a
nd
wh
ile
they
wer
e sa
yin
g,p
eace
an
d sa
fety
:Now
th
ey s
ee,t
hat
th
ose
thin
gs o
n w
hic
h t
hey
dep
ende
d fo
r p
eace
an
d sa
fety
,wer
e n
oth
-
ing
but
thin
air
an
d em
pty
shad
ows.
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
fro
mSi
nn
ers
in t
he
Han
ds
of
an A
ng
ry G
od
25
60 70 80
Un
der
line
the
exte
nd
edm
etap
ho
rin
lin
es 6
6-71
th
atEd
war
ds
use
s to
des
crib
eG
od
’s w
rath
. Exp
lain
th
em
etap
ho
r in
yo
ur
ow
nw
ord
s. (
Rev
iew
Ski
ll)
He
com
par
es G
od
’s
ang
er t
o a
bo
w a
nd
arro
w t
hat
is d
irec
ted
to t
he
hea
rts
of
sin
ner
s.
7.af
fect
ion
sn
. pl.:
feel
ing
s.8.
clo
sets
n. p
l.: r
oo
ms
for
pra
yer
and
med
itat
ion
.
Wh
at d
oes
Ed
war
ds
bel
ieve
will
hap
pen
to
peo
ple
wh
op
ract
ice
relig
ion
bu
t h
aven
’tg
iven
th
emse
lves
to
Go
d(l
ines
76-
81)?
He
bel
ieve
s th
ey
wo
n’t
be
save
d.
inco
nce
ivab
le
(in
≈k¥n
· s≤v
√¥·
b¥l
)ad
j.:u
nim
agin
able
; bey
on
du
nd
erst
and
ing
.
om
nip
ote
nt
(äm
· nip
√¥· t
¥nt)
adj.:
all-
po
wer
ful.
hav
e n
oth
ing
to s
tan
d u
pon
,
nor
any
thin
g to
tak
e h
old
of;
ther
e is
not
hin
g be
twee
n y
ou
and
hel
l bu
t th
e ai
r;it
is o
nly
the
pow
er a
nd
mer
e pl
easu
re
ofG
od t
hat
hol
ds y
ou u
p.
You
pro
babl
y ar
e n
ot
sen
sibl
e of
this
;you
fin
d y
ou
are
kep
t ou
t of
hel
l,bu
t d
o
not
see
th
e h
and
of
God
in it
;
but
look
at
oth
er t
hin
gs,a
s
the
good
sta
te o
fyo
ur
bod
ily c
onst
itu
tion
,you
r ca
re o
fyo
ur
own
life
,an
d t
he
mea
ns
you
use
for
you
r ow
n p
rese
rvat
ion
.Bu
t
ind
eed
th
ese
thin
gs a
re n
oth
ing;
ifG
od s
hou
ld w
ith
dra
w H
is
han
d,t
hey
wou
ld a
vail
no
mor
e to
kee
p y
ou f
rom
fal
ling,
than
the
thin
air
to
hol
d u
p a
per
son
th
at is
su
spen
ded
in it
.
You
r w
icke
dnes
s m
akes
you
as
it w
ere
hea
vy a
s le
ad,a
nd
to t
end
dow
nwar
d w
ith
gre
at w
eigh
t an
d pr
essu
re t
owar
d h
ell;
and
ifG
od s
hou
ld le
t yo
u g
o,yo
u w
ould
imm
edia
tely
sin
k an
d
swif
tly
desc
end
and
plu
nge
into
th
e bo
ttom
less
gu
lf,a
nd
you
r
hea
lthy
con
stit
uti
on,a
nd
you
r ow
n c
are
and
pru
den
ce,a
nd
best
con
triv
ance
,an
d al
l you
r ri
ghte
ousn
ess,
wou
ld h
ave
no
mor
e
infl
uen
ce t
o u
phol
d yo
u a
nd
keep
you
ou
t of
hel
l,th
an a
spi
der’
s
web
wou
ld h
ave
to s
top
a fa
llen
roc
k...
.
Th
e w
rath
of
God
is li
ke g
reat
wat
ers
that
are
dam
med
for
the
pres
ent;
they
incr
ease
mor
e an
d m
ore,
and
rise
hig
her
an
d
hig
her
,till
an
ou
tlet
is g
iven
;an
d th
e lo
nge
r th
e st
ream
is
stop
ped,
the
mor
e ra
pid
and
mig
hty
is it
s co
urs
e,w
hen
on
ce it
is
let
loos
e.It
is t
rue,
that
judg
men
t ag
ain
st y
our
evil
wor
ks h
as
not
bee
n e
xecu
ted
hit
her
to;t
he
floo
ds o
fG
od’s
ven
gean
ce h
ave
been
wit
hh
eld;
but
you
r gu
ilt in
th
e m
ean
tim
e is
con
stan
tly
incr
easi
ng,
and
you
are
eve
ry d
ay t
reas
uri
ng
up
mor
e w
rath
;th
e
wat
ers
are
con
stan
tly
risi
ng,
and
wax
ing
mor
e an
d m
ore
mig
hty
;
and
ther
e is
not
hin
g bu
t th
e m
ere
plea
sure
of
God
th
at h
olds
th
e
wat
ers
back
,th
at a
re u
nwill
ing
to b
e st
oppe
d,an
d pr
ess
har
d to
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
24
Co
llect
ion
1:
Enco
un
ters
an
d F
ou
nd
atio
ns
to 1
800
Part
1
con
stit
uti
on
(kän
≈st¥
· tº
√◊¥n
)n
.:p
hys
ical
co
nd
itio
n.
con
triv
ance
(k¥
n· t
r¢√v
¥ns)
n.:
sch
eme;
pla
n.
Lin
es 4
7-51
co
nta
in a
po
wer
-fu
l sim
ile.T
o w
hat
isEd
war
ds
com
par
ing
Go
d’s
wra
th?
Un
der
line
the
answ
er.
(Rev
iew
Ski
ll)
Acc
ord
ing
to
Ed
war
ds,
wh
atw
ou
ld h
app
en if
Go
d w
ere
to “
wit
hd
raw
His
han
d”
(lin
es 2
9-38
)?
Sin
ner
s w
ou
ld f
all
into
hel
l.
Stat
e th
e m
essa
ge
of
lines
39-
46 in
yo
ur
ow
n w
ord
s.
You
r w
icke
dn
ess
is a
s
hea
vy a
s le
ad, a
nd
if
Go
d s
ho
uld
let
you
go
,
you
r h
ealt
h, y
ou
r ca
re,
and
yo
ur
rig
hte
ou
s-
nes
s w
ou
ld n
ot
pro
tect
you
, an
y m
ore
th
an a
spid
er w
eb c
ou
ld s
top
a fa
llin
g r
ock
.
30 40 50
Rev
eren
d J
on
ath
an E
dw
ard
s(1
750–
1755
) b
y Jo
sep
h B
adg
er. O
ilo
n c
anva
s (2
81⁄2″
× 22
″).
Yale University Art Gallery. Bequest of Eugene PhelpsEdwards (1938.74).
Collection 1Student pages 24–25
Student Pages with Answers 15
fro
mSi
nn
ers
in t
he
Han
ds
of
an A
ng
ry G
od
27
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
from
Sinn
ers
in t
he H
ands
of
an A
ngry
God
Read
ing
Skill
s: I
dent
ifyin
g an
Aut
hor’
s Pu
rpos
eM
ost
auth
ors
hav
e a
purp
ose,
or r
easo
n,f
or w
riti
ng.
Jon
ath
an E
dwar
ds’s
pu
rpos
e fo
r w
riti
ng
“Sin
ner
s in
th
e H
ands
of
an A
ngr
y G
od”
is v
ery
clea
r,an
d h
is v
ivid
det
ails
an
d
frig
hte
nin
g m
etap
hor
s h
elp
him
get
his
mes
sage
acr
oss.
Fill
in t
he
char
t be
low
wit
h s
ome
deta
ils f
rom
th
e se
rmon
th
at r
evea
l Edw
ards
’s p
urp
ose
for
wri
tin
g.
Au
tho
r’s
Purp
ose
To s
care
his
co
ng
reg
atio
n in
to o
bey
ing
th
e w
ord
of
Go
d
Pass
age
1
“Th
e d
evil
is w
aiti
ng
fo
r th
em, h
ell i
s g
apin
g f
or
them
. . .
.” (
lines
8=
9)
Pass
age
3
“Th
ere
is n
oth
ing
bet
wee
n y
ou
an
d h
ell b
ut
the
air.
. . .”
(lin
es 2
5=26
)
Pass
age
2
“Th
e u
se o
f th
is a
wfu
l su
bje
ct m
ay b
e fo
r aw
aken
ing
u
nco
nve
rted
per
son
s in
th
is c
on
gre
gat
ion
.” (
lines
17=
18)
Sug
ges
ted
en
trie
s ap
pea
r b
elo
w.
Th
e G
od t
hat
hol
ds y
ou o
ver
the
pit
ofh
ell,
mu
ch a
s on
e
hol
ds a
spi
der,
or s
ome
loat
hso
me
inse
ct o
ver
the
fire
,ab
hor
s
you
,an
d is
dre
adfu
lly p
rovo
ked:
His
wra
th t
owar
d yo
u b
urn
s
like
fire
;He
look
s u
pon
you
as
wor
thy
ofn
oth
ing
else
bu
t to
be
cast
into
th
e fi
re;H
e is
of
pure
r ey
es t
han
to
bear
to
hav
e yo
u in
His
sig
ht;
you
are
ten
th
ousa
nd
tim
es m
ore
abom
inab
lein
His
eyes
th
an t
he
mos
t h
atef
ul v
enom
ous
serp
ent
is in
ou
rs.Y
ou
hav
e of
fen
ded
Him
infi
nit
ely
mor
e th
an e
ver
a st
ubb
orn
reb
el
did
his
pri
nce
;an
d ye
t it
is n
oth
ing
but
His
han
d th
at h
olds
you
from
fal
ling
into
th
e fi
re e
very
mom
ent.
It is
to
be a
scri
bed
to
not
hin
g el
se,t
hat
you
did
not
go
to h
ell t
he
last
nig
ht;
that
you
was
su
ffer
ed t
o aw
ake
agai
n in
th
is w
orld
,aft
er y
ou c
lose
d yo
ur
eyes
to
slee
p.A
nd
ther
e is
no
oth
er r
easo
n t
o be
giv
en,w
hy y
ou
hav
e n
ot d
ropp
ed in
to h
ell s
ince
you
aro
se in
th
e m
orn
ing,
but
that
God
’s h
and
has
hel
d yo
u u
p.T
her
e is
no
oth
er r
easo
n t
o be
give
n w
hy y
ou h
ave
not
gon
e to
hel
l,si
nce
you
hav
e sa
t h
ere
in
the
hou
se o
fG
od,p
rovo
kin
g H
is p
ure
eye
s by
you
r si
nfu
l
wic
ked
man
ner
of
atte
ndi
ng
His
sol
emn
wor
ship
.Yea
,th
ere
is
not
hin
g el
se t
hat
is t
o be
giv
en a
s a
reas
on w
hy y
ou d
o n
ot t
his
very
mom
ent
drop
dow
n in
to h
ell.
O s
inn
er! C
onsi
der
the
fear
ful d
ange
r yo
u a
re in
:It
is a
grea
t fu
rnac
e of
wra
th,a
wid
e an
d bo
ttom
less
pit
,fu
ll of
the
fire
ofw
rath
,th
at y
ou a
re h
eld
over
in t
he
han
d of
that
God
,wh
ose
wra
th is
pro
voke
d an
d in
cen
sed
as m
uch
aga
inst
you
,as
agai
nst
man
y of
the
dam
ned
in h
ell.
You
han
g by
a s
len
der
thre
ad,w
ith
the
flam
es o
fdi
vin
e w
rath
fla
shin
g ab
out
it,a
nd
read
y ev
ery
mom
ent
to s
inge
it,a
nd
burn
it a
sun
der;
9an
d yo
u h
ave
no
inte
rest
in a
ny M
edia
tor,
and
not
hin
g to
lay
hol
d of
to s
ave
you
rsel
f,n
oth
ing
to k
eep
off
the
flam
es o
fw
rath
,not
hin
g of
you
r ow
n,n
oth
ing
that
you
eve
r h
ave
don
e,n
oth
ing
that
you
can
do,
to i
nd
uce
God
to
spar
e yo
u o
ne
mom
ent.
...
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
26
Co
llect
ion
1:
Enco
un
ters
an
d F
ou
nd
atio
ns
to 1
800
Part
1
90 100
110
abh
ors
(ab
· hô
rz√)
v.:
sco
rns;
hat
es.
abo
min
able
(¥· b
äm√¥
· n
¥· b
¥l)
adj.:
hat
efu
l; d
isg
ust
ing
.
ascr
ibed
(¥
· skr
¢bd
√)v.
:re
gar
ded
as
com
ing
fro
m
a ce
rtai
n c
ause
.
ind
uce
(in
· dº
s√)
v.:
per
suad
e; f
orc
e; c
ause
.
Rea
d t
he
bo
xed
pas
sag
eal
ou
d t
wo
tim
es. O
n t
he
firs
t re
ad, p
ay a
tten
tio
n t
op
un
ctu
atio
n s
ign
alin
g w
hen
you
sh
ou
ld p
ause
, wh
en y
ou
sho
uld
co
me
to a
co
mp
lete
sto
p, a
nd
wh
ere
you
sh
ou
ldu
se y
ou
r vo
ice
to s
ho
w
emo
tio
n. T
he
seco
nd
tim
eyo
u r
ead
, try
to
bri
ng
Edw
ard
s’s
imag
ery
to li
fe.
9.as
un
der
adv.
:in
to p
iece
s.
Re-
read
lin
es 9
8-10
3.U
nd
erlin
e th
e p
hra
ses
that
sum
up
Ed
war
ds’
s b
elie
fab
ou
t w
hy
sin
ner
s h
ave
no
tfa
llen
into
th
e fi
res
of
hel
l.
Re-
read
lin
es 8
9-95
. Wh
attw
o c
reat
ure
s d
oes
Ed
war
ds
com
par
e si
nn
ers
to?
He
com
par
es t
hem
to a
sp
ider
or
inse
ct
and
to
a s
erp
ent.
Collection 1Student pages 26–27
16 The Holt Reader: Teacher’s Manual
fro
mTh
e In
tere
stin
g N
arra
tive
of
the
Life
of
Ola
ud
ah E
qu
ian
o
29
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
from
The
Inte
rest
ing
Nar
rati
ve o
fth
e Li
fe o
f Ol
auda
h Eq
uian
o by
Ola
udah
Equ
iano
Lit
era
ry S
kills
Und
erst
and
the
char
acte
rist
ics
ofau
tobi
ogra
phy.
Readin
gSkills
Mak
e in
fere
nces
abou
t an
auth
or’s
belie
fs.
LITE
RARY
FO
CUS:
AUT
OBI
OGR
APHY
An
au
tob
iog
rap
hy
is t
he
sto
ry o
f a
per
son
’s li
fe, w
ritt
en b
y th
at p
erso
n. A
n
auto
bio
gra
ph
y u
sual
ly r
evea
ls t
he
wri
ter’
s th
ou
gh
ts, f
eelin
gs,
an
d b
elie
fs.
Wri
ters
of
auto
bio
gra
ph
ies
also
tel
l ho
w p
arti
cula
r ex
per
ien
ces
shap
ed t
hei
r
lives
, pro
vid
ing
det
ails
th
at o
nly
a p
erso
n w
ith
fir
sth
and
exp
erie
nce
wo
uld
kno
w. T
his
sel
ecti
on
by
Ola
ud
ah E
qu
ian
o h
as u
niq
ue
his
tori
cal v
alu
e
bec
ause
it w
as o
ne
of
the
firs
t au
tob
iog
rap
hie
s w
ritt
en b
y a
form
er s
lave
.
Inte
rest
ing
Live
sTh
ink
for
a m
om
ent
abo
ut
auto
bio
gra
ph
ies
you
’ve
read
.
Wri
te t
he
auth
or
or
sub
ject
of
the
auto
bio
gra
ph
y in
th
e le
ft-h
and
co
lum
n o
f
the
char
t b
elo
w. T
hen
, in
th
e ri
gh
t-h
and
co
lum
n, p
rovi
de
on
e o
r tw
o d
etai
ls
you
lear
ned
ab
ou
t ea
ch p
erso
n.
READ
ING
SKIL
LS:
MAK
ING
INFE
RENC
ES A
BOUT
AN
AUTH
OR’
S BE
LIEF
SIn
so
me
pie
ces
of
liter
atu
re, t
he
wri
ter
may
dir
ectl
y st
ate
a p
erso
nal
bel
ief;
for
exam
ple
, “I n
ever
bel
ieve
d c
om
mu
nis
m w
as t
he
answ
er.”
So
met
imes
,
ho
wev
er, w
rite
rs o
nly
hin
t at
th
eir
bel
iefs
, lea
vin
g u
s to
infe
r, o
r m
ake
an
edu
cate
d g
ues
s, a
bo
ut
wh
at t
hey
are
. In
th
is a
uto
bio
gra
ph
y, O
lau
dah
Equ
ian
o d
oes
bo
th: H
e d
irec
tly
stat
es s
om
e o
f h
is b
elie
fs a
nd
hin
ts a
t o
ther
s.
Use
the
Ski
llA
s yo
u r
ead
th
e se
lect
ion
, use
th
e d
etai
ls in
th
e te
xt t
o m
ake
infe
ren
ces
abo
ut
Equ
ian
o’s
bel
iefs
. To
mak
e an
infe
ren
ce, c
om
bin
e w
hat
yo
u
alre
ady
kno
w w
ith
clu
es g
iven
in a
tex
t. T
hen
, use
th
is in
form
atio
n t
o m
ake
a g
oo
d g
ues
s ab
ou
t w
hat
th
e au
tho
r re
ally
th
inks
or
feel
s ab
ou
t a
sub
ject
.
Su
bje
ct o
f A
uto
bio
gra
ph
yW
ha
t I
Lea
rne
d
pro
voke
d
app
ease
con
stit
uti
on
con
triv
ance
inco
nce
ivab
le
om
nip
ote
nt
abh
ors
abo
min
able
ascr
ibed
ind
uce
Wor
d Bo
xW
ord
Box
VOCA
BULA
RY I
N CO
NTEX
T
DIR
ECTI
ON
S: W
rite
vo
cab
ula
ry w
ord
s fr
om
th
e W
ord
Bo
x o
n t
he
corr
ect
bla
nks
to
co
m-
ple
te t
he
par
agra
ph
. No
t al
l wo
rds
will
be
use
d.
Jon
ath
an E
dw
ard
s’s
emo
tio
nal
ser
mo
ns
des
crib
ed a
n a
ll-p
ow
erfu
l,
(1)
Go
d. E
dw
ard
s w
ante
d t
o
(2)
, or
forc
e, h
is li
sten
ers
to o
bey
Go
d. H
is d
escr
ip-
tio
ns
of
Go
d w
ere
no
t m
ean
t to
cal
m o
r (3
) th
e
fear
s o
f h
is a
ud
ien
ce. I
nst
ead
, he
wan
ted
th
em t
o b
elie
ve t
hat
Go
d’s
an
ger
was
(4)
b
y th
eir
sin
s. M
any
mo
der
n r
ead
ers
fin
d
Edw
ard
s’s
scar
e ta
ctic
s lo
ath
som
e an
d (
5)
.ab
om
inab
le
pro
voke
d
app
ease
ind
uce
om
nip
ote
nt
from
Sinn
ers
in t
he H
ands
of
an
Angr
y Go
d
28
Co
llect
ion
1:
Enco
un
ters
an
d F
ou
nd
atio
ns
to 1
800
Part
1
Voca
bula
rySkills
Use
voc
abul
ary
in c
onte
xt.
Und
erst
and
pref
ixes
and
suff
ixes
.
____
_ 1.
om
nip
rese
nt
a.“c
om
e to
get
her
”
____
_ 2.
arg
uab
leb
.“a
ble
to
be
arg
ued
”
____
_ 3.
atte
nd
ance
c.“s
tate
of
bei
ng
pre
sen
t at
(an
eve
nt)
”
____
_ 4.
con
verg
ed
.“a
ble
to
be
bro
ken
”
____
_ 5.
bre
akab
lee.
“eve
ryw
her
e; p
rese
nt
at a
ll ti
mes
”
PREF
IXES
AND
SUF
FIXE
SA
pre
fix
is a
lett
er, s
ylla
ble
, or
wo
rd p
art
that
is a
dd
ed t
o t
he
beg
inn
ing
of
a
wo
rd. A
su
ffix
is a
lett
er, s
ylla
ble
, or
wo
rd p
art
that
is a
dd
ed t
o t
he
end
of
a w
ord
. Bo
th p
refi
xes
and
su
ffix
es c
han
ge
the
mea
nin
g o
f a
wo
rd.
DIR
ECTI
ON
S:U
sin
g t
he
info
rmat
ion
in t
he
bo
x, m
atch
eac
h n
um
ber
ed w
ord
wit
h it
s d
efin
itio
n. W
rite
th
e le
tter
s o
n t
he
bla
nks
.
Co
mm
on
Pre
fixe
s an
d S
uff
ixes
con-
mea
ns
“wit
h”
or
“to
get
her
”-
able
mea
ns
“cap
able
of”
om
ni-
mea
ns
“all”
-an
cem
ean
s “s
tate
of
bei
ng
”
e b c a d
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
Collection 1Student pages 28–29
200 Graphic Organizers
Figure of Speech Example from the Selection
Simile: a comparison between two unlike
things, using a word such as like, than, as,
or resembles—for example: She was as
graceful as a gazelle.
Metaphor: a comparison between two
unlike things in which one thing is said to
be another thing—for example: She was a
gazelle leaping across the stage.
Personification: a figure of speech in
which an object or animal is given human
feelings or thoughts—for example: The
stage refused all comfort to the dancers.
Symbol: a person, place, thing, or event
that has meaning in itself and that also
stands for something more than itself—for
example: A dove is a symbol of peace.
Name Class Date
Selection: Author:
Figures of Speech
Co
pyr
igh
t ©
by
Ho
lt, R
ineh
art
and
Win
sto
n. A
ll ri
gh
ts r
eser
ved
.
DIRECTIONS: The chart below describes the most common figures of speech. Fill in the
chart with examples from the selection. (Not all selections will include all types of figures
of speech.)
A figure of speech is a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and
that is not meant to be taken literally.