From Participation To Protest - The Rnzn And Nuclear Testing 1957-1995
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Transcript of From Participation To Protest - The Rnzn And Nuclear Testing 1957-1995
School of Political & International Studies
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Keystone Doctrine Development in Three Commonwealth Navies
Aaron P. JacksonPresentation to the 2009 King-Hall Navy History
ConferenceCanberra, 30-31 July 2009
School of Political & International Studies
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Overview• Keystone Doctrine Defined
• Conceptual Foundations of Keystone Naval Doctrine
• Keystone Doctrine Development in the Canadian Navy
• Keystone Doctrine Development in the Royal Australian Navy
• Keystone Doctrine Development in the Royal New Zealand Navy
• The Nature, Role and Significance of Keystone Naval Doctrine
School of Political & International Studies
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Keystone Doctrine Defined• In essence, naval doctrine is an
officially sanctioned, formalised and written expression of institutionally accepted ideas about what navies do and how they do it
• Naval doctrine manuals can be categorised based on the “level of conflict” they are designed to guide:– Tactical– Operational– Military-Strategic
• The three navies studied have organised their doctrine manuals hierarchically
• The manual at the top of each navy’s hierarchy is military-strategic in focus and is referred to as a ‘keystone’ manual
School of Political & International Studies
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Conceptual Foundations of Keystone Naval Doctrine
• Several ‘earlier’ conceptual developments have been discussed in keystone doctrine:– Command of the Sea– Sea Control– Sea Denial– Power Projection
• The scope of naval activities (the Booth Model):– Diplomatic Role– Policing Role– Military Role
• The scale of Naval activities (Grove):– Canadian Navy and RAN ‘rank
four’ navies– RNZN a ‘rank five’ navy
School of Political & International Studies
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Keystone Doctrine Development in the Canadian Navy
• The Canadian Navy developed a strong doctrinal culture at a comparatively early time
• The Canadian Navy has released four keystone doctrine manuals:– The Naval Vision: Charting the
Course for Canada’s Maritime Forces (1994)
– Adjusting Course: A Naval Strategy for Canada (1997)
– Leadmark: The Navy’s Strategy for 2020 (2001)
– Securing Canada’s Ocean Frontiers: Charting the Course from Leadmark (2005)
School of Political & International Studies
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Keystone Doctrine Development in the Royal Australian Navy
• Despite the earlier efforts of some officers, the RAN did not commence production of a keystone doctrine manual until the late 1990s
• The RAN has released two keystone doctrine manuals:– RAN Doctrine 1: Australian
Maritime Doctrine (2000)– RAN Doctrine 2: The Navy
Contribution to Australian Maritime Operations (2005)
School of Political & International Studies
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Keystone Doctrine Development in the Royal New Zealand Navy
• The RNZN produced a single doctrine manual during the mid-1990s:– Maritime Doctrine for the
Royal New Zealand Navy (1997)
• This manual has not been updated or withdrawn
School of Political & International Studies
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The Nature, Role and Significance of Keystone Naval Doctrine
• Four key influences on keystone naval doctrine development:– Individual Officers– Keystone doctrine manuals produced by allied
navies– The nature of naval operations– The role of the navy within the prevailing
national strategy
• The intended effects of keystone naval doctrine:– Generating public awareness of the naval role
in national strategy– Generating awareness among national
strategic policy-makers– Operational guidance a secondary concern
• The content of keystone naval doctrine:– Essentially “a conceptual framework distilling
wisdom from the corpus of work on maritime strategic theory”
School of Political & International Studies
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