From Pamphlets to Playgrounds: Why Public Health Officials are Concerned about Greenways and...
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Transcript of From Pamphlets to Playgrounds: Why Public Health Officials are Concerned about Greenways and...
From Pamphlets to Playgrounds: Why Public
Health Officials are Concerned about
Greenways and TrailwaysAnn Stahlheber, M.S., R.D.,
L.D.Creating Healthy
Communities
Today’s Objectives
1.The relationship between the built environment and human behavior.
2. The impact that the built environment has on health and chronic disease.
3. Review some intervention strategies in our communities.
The Built Environment
• man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from personal shelter to neighborhoods to the large-scale civic surroundings.
Fact:•The choices we make are shaped by the choices we have
Sooo….What kind of choices do we have?
Nutrition Environment
• Local grocery stores/supermarkets• Corner stores/gas stations• Farmers’ Markets• Restaurants (dine in and fast food)• Food assistance programs • School/Institution foodservice• Gardens, community/home/school
Fact:•On average, there are 4 times as many supermarkets in predominantly white neighborhoods as there are in predominantly Black or Latino neighborhoods
•This correlates to less optimal nutrition intake
Distance to Grocery (Miles)Unweighted
0.03 to 11 to 1.51.5 or Greater(No Population)
Grocery > 25,000 S.F. Avg. Dist.(Miles)
Cuyahoga
1.4
Suburbs 1.3
Cleveland
1.6
Distance to Fast Food (Miles)Unweighted
0 to 11 to 1.51.5 to 3.3(No Population)
Fast Food Avg. Dist.(Miles)
Cuyahoga
0.5
Suburbs 0.7
Cleveland
0.4
Food Balance Ratio Weighted by Population Share
0 to 11 to 2.52.5 or More(No Population)
Grocery > 25,000 S.F.
Fast Food
Food BalanceScore
Cuyahoga 2.5
Suburbs 2.0
Cleveland 4.5
Food Balance Ratio Weighted by Population Share
0 to 11 to 2.52.5 or More(No Population)
Grocery > 25,000 S.F.
Fast Food
Households Without Vehicles
Physical Activity Environment
• Parks• Playgrounds• Safe walking/biking paths/lanes• Public Transportation• Recreation facilities (pools, tennis,
basketball courts)• School/institution facilities/activities• Community programs for physical
activity
Fact:•Fewer recreation facilities, parks, and playgrounds exist in higher need communities
•This correlates to less physical activity
Fact:•Where we live, work, play and pray impacts our health
The Built Environment and Health
Health Impacts in Cuyahoga County
Heart Disease is leading cause of death in the U.S.
Cleveland:395 per 100,000Suburbs: 289 per 100,000
Cancer Deaths per 100,000 Population300 or Over250 to 299.9 200 to 249.9Under 200
Municipalities and Cleveland SPA's*City of Cleveland
N*SPA's, or Statistical Planning Areas, areCleveland neighborhoods grouped by census tracts.
Sources: Ohio Department of Health, U.S. Census Bureau
Cancer death rates higher among blacks… Second leading cause of death in the U.S.
Cleveland:261 per 100,000Suburbs: 205 per 100,000
Hough 64.0
Lyndhurst 88.5
In a survey of East Cleveland residents: More than half of those surveyed do their grocery shopping outside of East Cleveland
Almost all East Cleveland residents surveyed (in the city’s Master Plan survey) expressed the need for improving youth programs
Strategies to improve the built environment
Overall – health department• Focus on systems, policy and
environmental changes• Enhancing our infrastructure to
address social determinants of health
• Healthy Land Use policies• Looking at Health Impact
Assessment• Connecting the dots between the
natural environment, the built environment, and human health
Policy change
• Healthy Land Use Policies– Partnership with CCPC for creating
healthy municipal plans– Partnership Cleveland Cuyahoga Food
Policy Coalition– Garden Zoning, ordinances to
promote/support gardening– Transportation plans
• Nutrition/Physical Activity specific policies– Healthy vending policy within
schools/institutions– Comprehensive nutrition policies– Policy to support increased physical
activity in schools
Environmental/Systems Change• Nutrition
– Community gardens• Build new gardens• Build systems to support and sustain the
gardens– Enhance farmers markets
• EBT programs• Resources for promotion, signage• Food safety assistance
– Promote alternative access points• Community Supported Agriculture• Healthy Corner Stores
– School Nutrition Interventions• Farm to School• School gardens• Community Supported Agriculture
Environment/Systems Change
• Physical Activity– Build Playgrounds
• Create systems for maintenance– Safe Routes to School
• Infrastructure and education to create safe routes for kids
• Increases walking and biking to school– School Physical Activity Interventions
• Trainings for teachers, principals, to Promote Playtime/outdoor time in School
• Recess in School – Brownfield reutilization
• Greenspace, gardens, playgrounds – Develop Walking Clubs
• Clevelanders in Motion
East Cleveland
• Creating Healthy Communities Program
• Cuyahoga County Board of Health• Partners
– Ohio State University Extension – County Planning Commission
Reduce the leading causes of death by developing environmental, systems, and policy changes that promote healthy behaviors
East Cleveland Health and Development CommitteeThree focus areas1. Gardening and Nutrition2. Physical Activity3. Environmental Redevelopment
Focus on upstream social determinants of health to make East Cleveland a healthy place to live
Improving Food Access in East Cleveland• Quality of Life Survey (E.C. Master
Plan)– Over 50% of residents reported that they
grocery shop outside of E.C. (before Tops moved out)
• Community Food Assessment of 2008– E.C.’s score is 4.5 (any score over 1.0 puts
residents at higher risk for obesity)– 7th worst in the county (county average 2.5)
• Health and Development surveys– Most were unhappy with grocery store
options in E.C.– Solutions included adding a grocery store,
community gardens, and improving the Coit Road Market
Priorities identified
• Assist to develop community gardens
• Assist Coit Road Market with EBT program
• Explore the possibilities for a new grocery store with County Dept of Development
• Promote additional programs (City Fresh, other Huron programs, School Nutrition programs etc)
Gardening and Nutrition committee• Community Gardens - Policy• Coit Road Farmers’ Market• City Fresh East Cleveland• School nutrition programming
Vacant lot at Coit Road Farmer’s Market – Feb ’07
Composting workshop at E.C. Grows
Community Gardening• Currently 8 community gardens in
East Cleveland• 6 gardens in 2009• 3 gardens in 2008• 1 garden in 2007
Community Gardening impacts Nutrition• Increase fruit and vegetable
consumption• Children who participate in gardening
are more likely to eat more vegetables than their peers
• Improved nutritional content of produce • 95% of community gardens share their
produce with neighbors, shut-ins, food pantries, etc. to spread the healthy harvest
• In Cuyahoga County, community gardeners consume more than the 5 a Day recommended
Coit Road Market
• Electronic Benefits Transfer program – infrastructure grant provided in 2008 (fall)
• More promotions for EBT conducted in 2009
• Sales for EBT for 2009 = $2500• Also accept WIC and Senior
Farmer’s Market voucher programs
Huron/School Nutrition Programs• City Fresh East Cleveland
– Started in 2007 (90% staff)– 2009 (90% community residents)– Average of 35 shares per week
• Schools – ODE Fruit and Veggie grant recipient– Consideration for Farm to School– Consideration for Community
Supported Agriculture (coordinate for families)
Questions?
Developed land 1948
Developed land 2008