From Human History to the Early Civilizations
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Transcript of From Human History to the Early Civilizations
Chapter
AP* Sixth Edition
World CivilizationsThe Global Experience
World CivilizationsThe Global Experience
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
From Human History to From Human History to the Early Civilizationsthe Early Civilizations
1
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers
II. The Neolithic Revolution
III. Civilization
IV.The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations
The Era of Hunters and Gatherers
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
• Homo sapiens by 10,000 B.C.E.–Larger brain–Tools, weapons
The Era of Hunters and Gatherers
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Paleolithic Culture– Developments by 12,000 B.C.E.
Hunting-gathering Art
– Spread to Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Americas
The Era of Hunters and Gatherers
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Spread of Human Populations, c. 10,000 B.C.E.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
End of the Paleolithic Age – Variety– Gender division of labor
Settling Down: Dead Ends and Transitions – Central Russia
c. 18,000 to 10,000 B.C.E
Natufian Complex
The Era of Hunters and Gatherers
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Sedentary agriculture• Plants and Animals domesticated• Development of towns• Causes?
The Neolithic Revolution –8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Domestication of Plants and Animals– Plants– Animals from 12,000 B.C.E.
The Neolithic Revolution –8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Spread of Agriculture
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Spread of the Neolithic Revolution– Hunting-and-gathering persists– Pastoralism – Sub-Saharan Africa
Root and tree crops
The Neolithic Revolution –8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Spread of the Neolithic Revolution– Northern China– Rice– Mesoamerica, Peru– Maize, manioc, sweet potatoes
The Neolithic Revolution –8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Transformation of Material Life– Population
Social Differentiation
Settled Societies– Advantages
The Neolithic Revolution –8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Çatal Hüyük – c. 7000 B.C.E., southern Turkey
Defining Civilization
Civilization
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Civilization
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Sumeria–Tigris and Euphrates plain
– Political and Social Organization City-States Kings Priests
Civilization
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Sumeria: Culture and Religion–Writing–Astronomy, numeric system–Religion
Civilization
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
A Translation of an Early Map
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Akkadian Empire–Sargon I
c. 2400 B.C.E.
To Egypt and Ethiopia
The Babylonian Empire–c. 1800B.C.E., unites under Hammurabi
Civilization
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Mesopotamia in Maps
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Egyptian Civilization–Farming by 5000 B.C.E. –Civilization emerges by 3200 B.C.E.
–Government
Civilization
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Egyptian Ideas and Art–Hieroglyphic alphabet–Medicine–Religion
Civilization
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Kush–Independent existence by 1000 B.C.E.
–Conquered Egypt by 730 B.C.E.
–After Assyrian conquest of Egypt–Height from 250 B.C.E. to 50 C.E.
–Defeated by Axum, c. 300 C.E.
Civilization
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Egypt, Kush, and Axum
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared–Political form–Epic tradition
Civilization
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Civilization
The Indus River Valley–Harappan civilization, 3rd millennium B.C.E.
–The Great Cities of the Indus ValleyHarappa, Mohenjo-Daro
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
India in the Age of Harappa and the Early Aryan Migrations
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Civilization
Beginnings of China–Longshan culture (2000-1500 B.C.E.)–Rulers associated with flood control–Religion–Ideographs
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations
• Lasting impact of the first civilizations– Basic ideas about social structures
• Basic differences between first cultures?
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations
New societies in the Middle East– Phoenicians– Hebrews
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations
Assessing the river valley period– Basic tools of civilization
Writing Mathematics Political forms
– Enduring divisions among global populations
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Global Connections:The Early Civilizations and the World
Comparing Early Civilizations– Egypt largely isolated– Mesopotamia more open to the outside– China’s early influence not great– Harappan society in contact with Mesopotamia