From Farmers to Presidents_Daniela Bocanegra

5/21/2018 From Farmers to Presidents_Daniela Bocanegra

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From farmers to presidentsHow a Japanese descendant became Perus 107th

president

DANIELA BOCANEGRA


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We have voted for Fujimori because, likeus, he is a foreigner in his own land

QUECHUA PEOPLE INTERVIEWED DURING THE 1990 ELECTIONLUIS ESTEBAN GONZLES MANRIQUE

La Emabajada Peruana: de Alan Garca a Fujimori. Madrid Foundation. Spanish Center for Latin American studies .


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How come did he get elected as the 107thpresident?

POINT TO STUDY


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Peru statistics

Amerindian 45%

Mestizo (Amerindian + white) 37%

White 15%

Black

Japanese

Chinese

and other 3%

CIA: THE WORLD FACTBOOKhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html


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Basic definitions

Chinito(little chinese)

A kind word to

reffer to asian

people no matter

their procedence.

CholitoMean or kind term

for mixed European

and indigenous

blood people.

NegritoKind term for Black

people.

Nikkei

Worldwide term forjapanese living in

other countries

outside Japan.

Issei Japanese Inmigrants.

Nissei

2nd generation of Nikkei, sons of the Issei

Sansei3rd generation . Grandsons.

Yonsei4th generation .Greatgrandsons.


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Japan-Peru: Relations

Diplomatic relations: June 1873. Japanese and ethnic Japanese:

Number of Japanese residing in Peru: 2,622 (October 2007)

Population of Japanese descent: 90,000 (estimated)

Trade with Japan (2007):

Exports: $2,236.8 million (copper, fish meal, silver, zinc) Imports: $548.5 million (automobile, auto parts, tires, steel)

Direct investment from Japan

2004 : 112 direct investments in Peru totaling 785 million U.S. dollars.

2007, 35 Japanese companies have set up operations in Peru.

List of Exchange of Notes

Loans: 364,317 million yen

Grants: 58,446 million yen

Technical cooperation: 45,063 million yen

MINISTERY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF JAPAN (MOMA)http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/peru/index.html
http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/peru/index.htmlhttp://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/peru/index.html


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Issei

Inmigration to Peru (Japanese Diaspora)

Meiji Era(1868 - 1912)

Migration: way to solve

Japanese unemployment.

Hawaii

April 1899790 Japanese arrive to Peru.

(Issei)

Farmers to the coastal sugar and

cotton plantations.

Agricultural revolution.


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Issei

Settlement

Carlos Chiyoteru Hiraoka and wife

Rosa Torres

"Bodega Naka

Nikkei store in Lima

4 year contract. Great expectations, bad treatment. Weather and food. 150 dead.

Japanese strike for their rights. Little commerce.


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Issei Institutions and guilds

1909-1933: 10 cities

1907-1936: hairdresses, household items,

commerce, coffee shops,

bakers..

Tanomoshi(small rotating credit unions)

1917- Central Japanese Association

1937: BOSTON (textile company)1920- First Japanese school


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Issei Insularity And Racialisation

1940 (WWII)

Riots by Anti-Japanese Peruvian groups

President: Manuel Prado.

10-100-10 Fact vs. scar

1941 (Pearl Harbor)

Peruvian Nikkei deported from

Peru to the United States. No

return to Peru.


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Issei Japanese Peruvian Association (APJ)

1967- Prince Akihito and PrincessMichiko inagurated APJ.

1964- Construction Committee

1965- 10 000m2 of land

First foundations


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Nissei Low-profile. Peru unstable

Akira Kato

Voleyball trainer

(Peru 2 Seul)

Carlos ChiyoteruHiraoka

Entrepreneur

Jose WatanabeWriter

Angelida HaradaFolklore singer

Tilsa TsuchiyaPainter

Fernando Belaunde Terry (1975-1980)

(1980-1985)

Alan Garca (1985-1990)

Ricardo Mitsuya HigaTorero


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Peru 1990 Inflation


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Peru 1990 Migration


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Peru 1990 GDP


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Fujimori Who?


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Mario Vargas Llosa


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Tsunami Fujimori


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Chinito, Cholito and Negrito

vs Blanquitos


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Fujimori President1st term: terrorism and no Congress


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Fujimori President2nd term: Chinochet


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Fujimori PresidentVladivideos FALL


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Fujimorism

Daughter Keiko Fujimori


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Japan-Peru: StatisticsCensus (1989)

Peruvian Nikkei population 90 000

Sansei population 30%

Issei population 3%

Okinawa descendant 46%

Kumamoto 9%

Hiroshima 9%

Fukuoka 9%

Lima residents 80%

La Libertad residents 3.58%

MOFA (1995)

Most trustful people in Peru

Nikkei 71%

First Peruvian Issei

Singing contest between Clubs


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Japan-Peru: References HORNA, Hernan. 2001. La Indianidad. The indigenous world before Latin Americans. New

Jersey. Markus Wiener Publishers.

Asociacin Peruano Japonesa (n.d.)Asociacin Peruano Japonesa (Peruvian Japanese

Association) Lima: Asociacin Peruano Japonesa del Per.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. (MOFA) April 2012. Japan-Peru relations. Available at the

World Web: http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/peru/index.html

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 2012. The World Factbook. . Available at the World Web:

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html

Japanese American National Museum.International Nikkei Research Project. Available at the

World Web: http://www.janm.org/projects/inrp/english/sympos.htm

JEPPESEN,Scott. LoneleePlanet.com. Nikkeijin The Japanese Peruvians. Available at the World

Web: http://www.loneleeplanet.com/2010/01/nikkeijin-the-japanese-peruvians/

MURONO, Alexis Frances. Peruvian Japanese Internment-My Family Story. Available at theWorld Web: http://www.wfu.edu/history/StudentWork/AsiaPacificWar/asia-pacific-

alexis/index.html

Diario El Comercio Archives. Available at the World Web: www.elcomercio.pe

Peru Shimpo Newspaper. Available at the World Web: http://www.perushimpo.com/

FUKUMOTO, Mary. 1997. Hacia un nuevo sol Japoneses y sus descendientes en el Peru.

(Towards a new sun: Japanese and their descendants in Peru). Lima: Asociacin Peruano

Japonesa del Per

Japanese American National Museum Brief Historical Overview of Japanese Emigration 1868-
http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/peru/index.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.htmlhttp://www.janm.org/projects/inrp/english/sympos.htmhttp://www.loneleeplanet.com/2010/01/nikkeijin-the-japanese-peruvians/http://www.wfu.edu/history/StudentWork/AsiaPacificWar/asia-pacific-alexis/index.htmlhttp://www.wfu.edu/history/StudentWork/AsiaPacificWar/asia-pacific-alexis/index.htmlhttp://www.elcomercio.pe/http://www.perushimpo.com/http://www.perushimpo.com/http://www.elcomercio.pe/http://www.wfu.edu/history/StudentWork/AsiaPacificWar/asia-pacific-alexis/index.htmlhttp://www.wfu.edu/history/StudentWork/AsiaPacificWar/asia-pacific-alexis/index.htmlhttp://www.wfu.edu/history/StudentWork/AsiaPacificWar/asia-pacific-alexis/index.htmlhttp://www.wfu.edu/history/StudentWork/AsiaPacificWar/asia-pacific-alexis/index.htmlhttp://www.wfu.edu/history/StudentWork/AsiaPacificWar/asia-pacific-alexis/index.htmlhttp://www.loneleeplanet.com/2010/01/nikkeijin-the-japanese-peruvians/http://www.loneleeplanet.com/2010/01/nikkeijin-the-japanese-peruvians/http://www.loneleeplanet.com/2010/01/nikkeijin-the-japanese-peruvians/http://www.loneleeplanet.com/2010/01/nikkeijin-the-japanese-peruvians/http://www.loneleeplanet.com/2010/01/nikkeijin-the-japanese-peruvians/http://www.loneleeplanet.com/2010/01/nikkeijin-the-japanese-peruvians/http://www.loneleeplanet.com/2010/01/nikkeijin-the-japanese-peruvians/http://www.janm.org/projects/inrp/english/sympos.htmhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.htmlhttp://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/peru/index.html

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