From European Colonialism to Independence and Beyond.
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Transcript of From European Colonialism to Independence and Beyond.
From European Colonialism to Independence and Beyond
Africa, 1835
Reasons for European Conquest of Africa
• Technological improvements in military equipment and medicine in the 1880s
• Who would be a great power? Rivalries between England and France after Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871
• Political instabilities in the secondary empires• Discovery of gold on the Witswatersrand in
South Africa in1884
Berlin Conference, 1884-1885
Export CropsCotton
Coffee
Cocoa
Rubber
Tea
Oil palm
Building of railway in the French Soudan
Railroads in Africa
Copperbelt, Zambia
South African mines
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
• Producer of one commodity for export• Poor infrastructure except around export economy• Labor migration for colonial enterprises• Increased power for senior men (but loss of
legitimacy)• Weakened power for women• Limited social services for Africans (schools,
health)• Industrialization thwarted • No agricultural revolution
Senegalese soldiers behind the Somme, Winter 1916-1917
Independent Africa
Frelimo poster