From CP Violation to Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
description
Transcript of From CP Violation to Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 1
From CP Violation to Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
July 8, 2010, Lattice/Pheno Seminar @
― a 4G Saga
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 2
I. Intro: Kobayashi-Maskawa & CPV4U 3G → 4G : Enough CPV for Baryogenesis?
II. CPV4U: from Earth to Heaven
* Earthly Thread B → K DCPV Difference; Bs → J/ & ASL
* Heavenly Touch — Towards BAU
* Unfinished on Earth
III. Direct Search: Large Yukawa Coupling & EWSB?
* Tevatron Thread Rising Bounds; 1 fb @ 7 TeV; Unitarity Bound
* Nambu Legacy: Holdom, Burdman & “Top Condensate”
* Higgs-Yukawa on a Lattice EW Theory on a Lattice ?
IV. Prospects:
Discussion* Source of CPV4BAU(?)* Source of EWSB?
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 3
I. Intro: Kobayashi-Maskawa & CPV4U
CPV & BAU: The Sakharov View
Bang
Us
14Byr
• Baryon Number V iolation• CP Violation
• Deviation from Equilibrium
PairAnnihilation
( Cosmic Microwave Background )
1010-9-9 MatterMatter leftleft !!
Equal Matter -Antimatter
(1967)
aryo
n
sym
met
ry
niver
se
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Complex Dynamics: KM Sector of Complex Dynamics: KM Sector of SMSM
Unitary3x3 “Rotation”
Need presence of all 3 generationsto exhibit CPV in Standard Model
► ►
dj
ui
WW –Jgg VVijij
WW
Wolfenstein parametrization
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 6
KM CPV Confirmed ~ 2001
β
0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV“Nontrivial”
the MOMA plot
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 7
"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokensymmetry in subatomic physics"
"for the discoverdiscovery of the originorigin of the broken symmetry which predictpredicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008
Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University
Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa
1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize
USA Japan Japan
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan
Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan)
b. 1944 b. 1940
CP Violationin SM
7 October 2008
B Factories(BaBar & Belle)
Reading: WSH
arXiv:0907.5044 [hep-ph]
Lecture on the Nobel Prize
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Unique CPV Phase: Common Area of Triangle
0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV
0 ***tbtscbcsubus VVVVVV
Wolfenstein Parametrization to O(5)
N.B. geometric picture
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 9
CPVCPV so far only observed in KM ...
• Nontrivial CPV Phase: A (area)
Nontrivial 0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV
Jarlskog Invariant (1985) for CPV
• All like-charge quark pairs nondegenerate,
Otherwise Back to 2-gen. and CPV vanish
CPViff
J ≠ 0
Nobel 2008 – B Factory to LHC George W.S. Hou (NTU) FPCP, June 1, 2009
Kobayashi’s Nobel slides
51
JJ seems short by at least
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 11
2010 KM ~
B.A.U. from CPVCPV in KM in KM ? The Lore.
Normalize by T ~ 100 GeV
Masses too Small !
1010)2.0 2.6( n
nB
WMAP0
nnB
Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)
103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM
CPV Phase
Small, but not Too small
Too Small in SMToo Small in SM
EW Phase Transition TemperatureEW Phase Transition Temperature~ v.e.v.~ v.e.v.
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 12
Why Repeat ? “Flavor Problem”
v.e.v.v.e.v.
s, c, b quarks too light
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 13
Heavenly Touch — Towards BAU
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 14
b d transitions consistent with SM
β
0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV“Nontrivial”
b b s s:: the Current Frontierthe Current Frontierthe MOMA plot
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 15
A Real Hint ! , ... or Not !?
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Belle 2008 ⟨Nature⟩: Simple Bean Count
AA = = AAKK AAKK == 0.1640.164 0.0370.037 4.4 4.4 0.07 0.03 vs 0.094 0.020
DifferenceIs
Large !
Exp. Established
Belle + BaBar (+ CDF)
b → s CPV
And Not
Predicted !
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 17
ObligéDispair
Unexpecte
d !
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 18
“Nature” writing : Explaining CPV to “biologists”: Explaining CPV to “biologists”
You get “out of your mind”.
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 19
2010 KM ~
B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?
0n
nB
If shift by One Generation in SM4 (need 3 generation in KM)
Order 1 ~ 30
~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain
Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings !
WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph]
Providence
Nature wouldNature wouldlikely use this !?likely use this !?
Enough CPV?
Enough CPV?
Too Small in SMToo Small in SM
1010)2.02.6( n
nB
WMAP
CJP’09
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 20
The Abyss between CPVCPV in SM3 vs BAU bridged in SM4 by Heaviness of tHeaviness of t ’’ and band b ’’
Why wasn’t this clearly pointed out in past 20 years ?
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 21
Hints of a new quark have turned up in the decay productsof the Tevatron particle smasher
A fourth generation of particles could explain how mattersurvived to form stars and galaxies
If fourth-generation quarks are responsible for upsetting this balance, then we would not exist withoutthem. "To me, this is the single most important motivation for the existence of [the fourth generationthe fourth generation],"says George Hou of the National Taiwan University in Taipei. By a mere extension from three to fourgenerations, he adds, we may have enough asymmetry to explain how matter survived annihilation inthe early universe.
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 22
Can all this be understood
from my vantage
?
Still issue of Order of Phase Transition
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 23
the Four Statements
“Beyond the 3SM generation at the LHC era” workshop, 9/2008 @ CERN
http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=33285
“Four Statements about the Fourth Generation” arXiv:0904.4698 [hep-ph] 50+ citations within a year 4G has warmed up
2nd Workshop on “Beyond 3 Generation Standard Model
― New Fermions at the Crossroads of Tevatron and LHC”, 1/2010 in Taipei
http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=68036
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 24
II. CPV4U: from Earth to Heaven
Earthly Thread: B → K Direct CPV Difference
It’s personal.
ICHEP 2004, Beijing
ACP(B K)ACP(B K)
ACP(K) = 0.04 0.05 0.02
275M BB New
K: 728 53
Large EW penguin (Z0) ?
New Physics ?
[also seen by BaBar]
_d
d
K
u u
B sb
Sakai
Saga Towards Belle Nature Paper ...
hint that ACP(K) ACP(K) ? (2.4)
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PEW
Z’
Belle 2004 PRL: Seedby
“you
rs tr
uly”
Y. Chao, P. Chang et al.
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My first B (and 4G) paper
nondecoupling
2
Z
FF GG
dimensionsdimensions
WSH, Willey, Soni
<2m2tm
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Decoupling Thm: Heavy Masses are decoupled in QED/QCD ∵∵ Appear in Propagator
NondecouplingNondecoupling: Yukawa Couplings QQ Appear in NumeratorSubtlety of Spont. Broken Chiral Gauge Theory dynamical
Nondecoupling
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_d
d
K
u u
B sb , t ’
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05LO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.
AK 12% vs 15% (data)
AK = AK+ AK+~ 15% and sb P
EW
ion)(illustrat
GeV 030t'm
, t ’
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 30
Large CPV in b ⇄ s George W.S. Hou (NTU) CDF/D0 4/12/07 31
Bs Mixing vs B Xsℓℓ
Large CPV in BLarge CPV in Bss Mixing Mixing
different nondecoupl. functions
Large CPV in b ⇄ s George W.S. Hou (NTU) CDF/D0 4/12/07 32
• Fixed rsb ➯ Narrow sb Range destructivedestructive with top• For rsb ~ 0.02 – 0.03, [Vcb ~ 0.04
sb Range ~ 60 ° - 70
° Finite CPVCPV
Phase
Consistent w/ B(bsll) SM-like !
Large CPV Possible !
Despite mBs, B(bsll) SM-like
03.0
02.0
01.0
CDF range
SM (high)
01.0
02.0
03.0
HFAG range
rsb
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0610385 (PRD’07)
Large CPV in b ⇄ s George W.S. Hou (NTU) CDF/D0 4/12/07 33
• Fixed rsb ➯ Narrow sb Range destructivedestructive with top• For rsb ~ 0.02 – 0.03, [Vcb ~ 0.04
sb Range ~ 60 ° - 70
° Finite CPVCPV
Phase
Consistent w/ B(bsll) SM-like !
Large CPV Possible !
Despite mBs, B(bsll) SM-like
03.0
02.0
01.0
CDF range
SM (high)
01.0
02.0
03.0
HFAG range
rsb
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0610385 (PRD’07)a walk-thru exercise
Large CPV in b ⇄ s George W.S. Hou (NTU) CDF/D0 4/12/07 34
Sign Predicted !
sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7
Despite mBs, B(bsll) SM-like
03.0
02.0
01.0
CDF range
SM (high)
01.002.0
03.0
rsb
?
Large CPV in BLarge CPV in Bss Mixing Mixing
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0610385
A K,
S
Can Large CPV in Bs Mixing Be Measured @ Tevatron ?
Sure thing by LHCb ca. 2008
sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7
(PRD’07)
the only use
of DCPV D
iff.
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 35
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 36
arXiv:0712.2397 [hep.ex]arXiv:0802.2255 [hep.ex]
Further ICHEP’08 Updates (CDF/DØ/fitters): Strengthen !
sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07
arXiv:0803.0659 [hep.ph]
UTUTfitfit
IncredibleIncredible !!! !!!sin2Bs 0.64
0.16 0.14
3.73.7 ~2.8
± ?
(already in 05)PRL’08PRL’08
PRL’08PRL’08
2.1
Summer ’09
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Hints of a new quark have turned up in the decay productsof the Tevatron particle smasher
A fourth generation of particles could explain how mattersurvived to form stars and galaxies
Evidence for an anomalous like-sign dimuon charge asymmetry
G.Borissov
Lancaster University, UK
Fermilab Wine & Cheese Seminar, 14 May 2010
)% (syst) 146.0(stat) 251.0957.0( bslA
arXiv:1005.2757 [hep-ex]
2010/05/14Dimuon charge asymmetry - Fermilab Wine & Cheese seminar
47
preliminary combination• Our (preliminary) combination of all measurements of
semileptonic charge asymmetry shows a similar deviation from the SM.
SM
2010/05/14 Dimuon charge asymmetry - Fermilab Wine & Cheese seminar 40
Comparison with other measurements• Obtained value of as
sl can be translated into the measurement ofthe CP violating phase s and ΔΓs
• This constraint is in excellent agreement with an independent measurement of s and ΔΓs in Bs→J/ψ decay
• This result is also consistent with the CDF measurement in this channel
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 41
CDF Update at FPCP, May 2009
s seems smaller
2010/05/14 Dimuon charge asymmetry - Fermilab Wine & Cheese seminar 42
Comparison with other measurements
• Obtained value of assl can be translated into the measurement of
the CP violating phase s and ΔΓs
• This constraint is in excellent agreement with an independent measurement of s and ΔΓs in Bs→J/ψ decay
• This result is also consistent with the CDF measurement in this channel
see WSH & Mahajan, PRD’07also: Grossman, PLB’96 Dunietz, Fleischer, Nierste, PRD‘01
sin2Bs = sin2s = sins Dzero & CDF consistent, but sin2Bs “smaller” than before. If Dzero result stays, probably larger than Lenz-Nierste.
Can One Comprehend This ?
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 43
sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07 (already in 05)
sin2Bs ~ 0.33
WSH, Ma, arXiv:1004.2186 [hep-ph]
4th generation “prediction” still robust, but needs LHCb to verify.
Also, Soni et al., arXiv:1002.0595 [hep-ph] Buras et al. arXiv:1002.2126 [hep-ph] Lenz et al., arXiv:1005.3505 [hep-ph]
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 44
AAFBFB(B K*l+l) and Other Predictions
sent to Backup
Unfinished on Earth
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 45
b’, t ’ @ (Tevatron/)LHC
GIM , charm, K
small ’/, K (still waiting)
heavy top , sin2
Z dominance for heavy top1986 2002
All w/ 3-generations, Just wait if there’s a 4th
BBss
AAFBFB
Nondecoupling∵ ∵ Large Yukawa !
On Boxes and Z Penguins
D ! D !
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 46
III. Direct Search: Large Yukawa Coupling & EWSB?
Tevatron Thread
Nambu Legacy
Higgs-Yukawa on Lattice
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Tevatron t’ and b’ Search Status
arXiv:0912.1057 [hep-ex]PRL2010
CDF/PUB/TOP/PUBLIC/10110CDF Note 9234
t’ →
W
qb
’ →
W
t 2.7/fb same sign dileptons
Tevatron Thread
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 48
High HT
Mt’ ~ 450 GeV?
Mreco excess?
Cross Section too large
~ 2
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 49
Hints of a new quark have turned up in the decay productsof the Tevatron particle smasher
A fourth generation of particles could explain how mattersurvived to form stars and galaxies
If fourth-generation quarks are responsible for upsetting this balance, then we would not exist withoutthem. "To me, this is the single most important motivation for the existence of [the fourth generationthe fourth generation],"says George Hou of the National Taiwan University in Taipei. By a mere extension from three to fourgenerations, he adds, we may have enough asymmetry to explain how matter survived annihilation inthe early universe.
The excess is small enough to be a statistical fluke, so the team is not claiming to have seen signs ofa fourth generation. "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, and we definitely don't havethat," admits John Conway of the University of California at Davis, one of the study's authors.
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 50
LO
Wit
h ~
10
0 p
b
Par
tial
Wav
e U
nit
arit
y B
ou
nd
Par
tial
Wav
e U
nit
arit
y B
ou
nd
same sign dileptons
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 51
Nobel 2008 – B Factory to LHC George W.S. Hou (NTU) FPCP, June 1, 2009
"for the discoverdiscovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokenspontaneous brokensymmetrysymmetry in subatomic physics"
"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
Thoughts on the other 1/2 Nobel Prize
Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University
Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa
1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize
USA Japan Japan
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan
Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan)
b. 1944 b. 1940
SSB ! Yukawa Largeby
Condensecan QQ
Could EWSB be due to b’ and t’ above unitarity bound ~ 500-600 GeV ?
Bob Holdom: N–J-L [Bardeen, Hill, Lindner
Gustavo Burdman: “Holographic” 4th gen.
59
Nobel 2008 – B Factory to LHC George W.S. Hou (NTU) FPCP, June 1, 2009
Nambu’s comment on Higgs Mechanism
26
Let’s re-learn from Nambu
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 54
1/2010, Taipei
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 55
? for v.e.v. Higgs theNeeds Who then,
Yukawa, Largeby Condensecan If QQ
My Trip is Intent to Embark on Lattice Study
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 56
vQm
λQ
EW Theory on a Lattice ?
• SU(2)L x U(1): (chiral) gauge symmetry experimentally established
• SSB also experimentally established: Massive W and Z
• Renormalizability depend only on Ward Identities (unaffected by SSB) • In Physical Gauge: No would-be-Goldstone, or unphysical, scalars
▶ But Longitudinal WLongitudinal W (k k part of propagator) “couple” to Fermion Mass ◀ ? also 0 Generate QQ
IntriguingOn a LatticeOn a Lattice ??
► ►
dj
ui
WW –Jgg VVijij
WW WM
k ) (g
) (g g
Rm-Lm
Lp-pLkLg
ji
ji
WM
vvii
W
i m
g
mg
M
mg
Effective Yukawa Coupling
How to Formulate ?
No Higgs !
(Massive FermionsMassive Fermions, Too)
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 57
IV. Conclusion: A 3-Pronged Study
……
Filed May 17
* Source of EWSB ?
* Source of CPV4BAU ?
Kai-Feng ChenJohan AlwallDavid Lin
Rong-Shyang Lu
Seems “Approved”
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 58
From a thread in the “Direct CPV difference” in charged vs neutral B -> K pi decays observed at the B factories, a possible large and negative mixing-dependent CPV in Bs -> J/psi phi is predicted, if the former arises at least partially from 4th generation t' effect in the Z-penguin. Surprisingly, there is some standing hint at the Tevatronhint at the Tevatron. Whether or not these flavor and CPV effects bear up, a 4th generation would help us soar to the heavens: there seems to be enough CPV for the baryon asymmetry of the UniverseCPV for the baryon asymmetry of the Universe.
A separate thread is the ever increasing bounds on t' and b' at the Tevatron, implying large Yukawa coupling. Direct search can only be settled at the LHC, and the partial wave unitarity boundunitarity bound is only a glass ceiling. What is intriguing is the possibility of EW symmetry breaking due to the NJL-type condensation of very heavy 4th generation quarkscondensation of very heavy 4th generation quarks, where we outline two scenarios that can be pursued on the lattice: Higgs-Yukawa Lagrangian, and the electrweak theoryelectrweak theory as we know it, without ever mentioning the Higgs boson.
Prospects
If the pursuit of 4th generation quark search at the LHC bears fruit, we may simultaneously touch upon two of the greatest problems in particle physics, and even cosmology: source of EW symmetry breaking (raison d'etre for LHC); and source of CPV for BAU (raison d'etre for ourselves). There would be further Implications for flavor and other physics.
Conclusion
* Source of CPV4BAU ?
* Source of EWSB ?
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 59
Discussion
CPV to EWSB/4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) HU/DESY Zeuthen, 100708 60
J.-T. Wei 2008/07/31 ICHEP2008
Instead flipped C7 ...
BABAR, arXiv:0804.4412
657M
386M
W.-S. Hou, A. Hovhannisyan, and N. Mahajan, PRD 77, 014016 (2008)
(=s/mB2=q2/mB
2)
complex wilson coefficients
SM
4th generation (SM4)
2fb-1 MC study of LHCb
(~7000 K*ll events)
Belle
Deviation from SM3 !?
SM
3SM4
SM4
arXiv:0904.0770