From Coal and Steel to European Union
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Transcript of From Coal and Steel to European Union
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From Coal and Steel to European Union
Don C. SmithApril 16, 2011
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April 16, 2011 Comparing Democracies: EU and U.S.
A Story of a Continent:A Story of Two Men
Adolph Hitler, German Chancellor 1933-1945
Jean Monnet, French businessman and the first “statesman of interdependence”
A man of war, a man of peace
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Germany 1934
Triumph of the Will
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Europe 1950
The Rebirthof Europe
Jean Monnet:Father of Europe
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April 16, 2011 Comparing Democracies: EU and U.S.
Evolution of the Treaties Europe in Early 1950
• “The German problem”• Korea• Fear of renewed nationalism
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Evolution of the Treaties May 9, 1950
• Schuman Declaration calling for creation of a European Coal and Steel Community through a treaty
Who was Robert Schuman? Why a treaty? Why coal and steel? Supranational aspect of proposal
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April 16, 2011 Comparing Democracies: EU and U.S.
Evolution of the Treaties Treaty of Paris
• Signed April 18, 1951 by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, West Germany
• Enters into force July 23, 1952• Key “institutions”
High Authority (today’s European Commission) Council of Ministers Assembly (today’s European Parliament) Court of Justice
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Evolution of the Treaties Treaty of Paris
• Key elements First step towards a supranational governed
Europe For the first time, governments relinquished
part of their sovereignty, albeit in limited fields
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Evolution of the Treaties European Defense Community
• Proposed in 1952• Collapsed in 1954
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Evolution of the Treaties European
Economic Community Treaty (also known as the Treaty of Rome)• Signed March 25,
1957• Entered into force
January 1, 1958April 16, 2011 Comparing Democracies: EU and U.S.
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Evolution of the Treaties Key elements
• “…determined to lay the foundations of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe…”
• Free movement of goods, services, capital, people
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Evolution of the Treaties European Atomic
Energy Community (also known as Euratom)• Signed March 25,
1957• Entered into force
January 1, 1958
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Evolution of the Treaties The Merger Treaty
• Signed in 1965; entered into force 1967• Provided for single Commission and
single Council for all three communities European Coal and Steel Community European Economic Community European Atomic Energy Community
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Evolution of the Treaties Treaty of Accession: Denmark, Ireland,
United Kingdom• Signed January 22, 1972; entered into
force January 1, 1973• Why noteworthy?
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Evolution of the Treaties Treaty of Accession: Greece
• Signed May 28, 1979; entered into force January 1, 1981
• Why noteworthy?
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Evolution of the Treaties Treaty of Accession: Portugal and
Spain• Signed June 12, 1985; entered into law
January 1, 1986• Why noteworthy?
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Evolution of the Treaties The Single European Act
• The underlying situation Disappointing progress on accomplishing the
common market• Enters into force on July 1, 1987• Aim is to achieve the internal market by
1992
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Evolution of the Treaties Treaty on European Union (also known
as the Maastricht Treaty)• Signed on February 7, 1992; entered into
force on Nov. 1, 1993• Underlying circumstances• Major changes
Establishment of the European Union Addition of community foreign and security
policy, justice and home affairs, citizenship A broader role for the European Union Sustainable development
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Evolution of the Treaties Treaty of Accession: Austria, Finland,
and Sweden• Signed June 24, 1994; entered into force
January 1, 1995• Why noteworthy?
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Evolution of the Treaties Treaty of Amsterdam
• Signed on October 2, 1997; entered into force May 1, 1999
• Clarifies, a bit, the meaning of sustainable development
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Evolution of the Treaties Treaty of Nice
• Signed February 26, 2001; entered into force February 1, 2003
• Supposed to streamline the EU so as to allow for efficiency after addition of new members expected in mid-decade
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Evolution of the Treaties Treaty of Accession: 10 new member
states• Signed April 16, 2003; entered into force
May 1, 2004\• Why noteworthy?
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Evolution of the Treaties Proposed Constitutional Treaty
• Signed on October 29, 2004; defeated in referendums in early summer 2005 in France and the Netherlands
• Aim was to improve efficiency of EU
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Evolution of the Treaties Treaty of Accession: Bulgaria and
Romania• Signed April 25, 2005; entered into force
January 1, 2007• Why noteworthy?
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Evolution of the Treaties Treaty of Lisbon (also known as the
Reform Treaty)• Signed December 13, 2007; entered into
force December 1, 2009• Major changes
Created a presidency of the European Council, Herman von Rompuy
Created EU diplomatic service under a High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Catherine Ashton
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Evolution of the Treaties Has the evolutionary process been a
success or failure or something in between?
Looking at issue in the context of Jean Monnet’s accomplishments• “Jean Monnet will reappear…”
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Resources Judge David Edward
• Oral History Website: http://www.law.du.edu/index.php/judge-david-edward-oral-history
Jean Monnet: Father of Europe• http://law.du.edu/index.php/jean-monnet-father-of-
europe Europa: Gateway to the European Union
• http://europa.eu/index_en.htm