Frogs (Rana sp., Ranidae) and toads (Bufo sp., Bufonidae)

Tailess, except during one stage in their development

Two types of respiration: cutaneous respiration and bucco-pharyngeal respiration

Internal organs arranged the same way as those of the human body.

OBJECTIVES: Identify various organ-system of the

frog Know the various organ parts of each

system Correlate structure-organ with function

Flattened head

Elongated, slightly cylindrical body

No neck or tail

Snout Mouth Nostrils or external nares

Eyes Upper and lower eyelids Nictitating membrane Brow spot

Tympanic membrane or ear drum

Anus Sacral hump Anterior limbs (forelimbs)

Upper arm Forearm Wrist Hand with digits

Posterior limbs (hindlimbs) Thigh Shank Ankle Foot with digits + web

Bones and cartiliges

Functions Framework of the body Supports and protects organs Attachments of muscles

Protects and encloses the brain

Protects sense organs (eyes, ears, nares, tongue)

Flat bone with upper jaw fused with it

V-shaped bone

Right and left half are of the same parts

Articulates with the skull at its posterior ends

Cartiliginous basilingual plate lying on the floor of the mouth cavity

Supports the tongue

Backbone

Series of bones or vertebra from the base of the skull and the whole back

Series of bones in the breast and shoulder region

Firm support for the forelimb

Series of bones in the midventral portion of chest

Breast bone

Responsible for the ability to locomote

Movable articulating bones

Attached to the pectoral girdle

Fusion of 6 bones

Articulates with the transverse process of sacral vertebra at one end and with femur at opposite end

Also for locomotion

Composed of movable articulating bones

Attached to the pelvic girdle