Friend or Foe Identification
description
Transcript of Friend or Foe Identification
ECE 415 Senior Design Project Fall 2010
Justin AyvazianBen JohnsonEric Putney
Michael Ruth
Advisor: Professor Sandip Kundu
Friend or Foe Identification
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Motivation
•Deaths per day due to Vehicle Bombings in Iraq
•7,000 heavily armored Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles transported into Iraq from 07’ to 08’
•Accounts for drop in deaths since 2007
•Vehicle hijackings and digital attacks more frequent as a result
•Prominent in Afghanistan and Pakistan
•18 attacks on Pakistani soil, up to 13 vehicles hijacked per attack (From August to November of 07’)
• Extrapolated, that’s over 2100 vehicles hijacked since August 07’
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Problem Statement
• Identifying Ground Vehicles• Hijacking and Bombings
• Transmission• Signal Jamming• Eavesdropping
• Security• Hacking• Data Encryption and Decryption
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System Block Diagram
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Proposed Solution
•Identification
•Hashing table – Unique IDs
•Input/Output
• “Rose”
• Vehicle and Base Interaction
• Output – GPS and Radar
•Security
•RC5, CDMA, Frequency Hopping
•Transmission
•Amateur Radio, Two way Radio
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Alternative Ideas
Identification• Hourly Notification• Vehicle shutdown
Transmission• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)• Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)• WiMax (802.20)• WiFi(802.11)
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User-Level Diagram
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Communication Scheme
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Packet Structures
4 message types:• Base Module:
• Request Identification
• Acknowledge ID/Update Hash Value
• Vehicle Module:• Transmit Identification
• Acknowledge Hash Update
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Encryption
Protect data and transmissions from enemy• Have a 2-pronged attack• Protect message by encrypting data
• Encryption Ciphers• Protect message by preventing transmission
interception• Frequency hopping• CDMA
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Message Encryption
Encryption Requirements• Robust• Fast• Low memory requirements• Symmetric Block Cipher
RC5• Lightweight algorithm that provides strong security
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RC5 Encryption
Input parameters• Word Size• Number of Rounds• Key Length
Applies data-dependent transformations
Basic Attributes• Simple encryption algorithm• Symmetric Block Cipher• Performs word-oriented operations• Allows implementer to choose encryption parameters• Suitable for both hardware and software implementation
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Block Diagram—Base Module
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Block Diagram—Vehicle Module
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System Requirements
Minimum range of one mile• Adequate time to identify vehicles and respond
Dynamic system• Communicate with multiple moving vehicles• Exponential back-off (not MIMO)
• Not a data–heavy application• Range more important than rate of data transfer
Frequency hopping preferable
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Communication System
Omnidirectional antenna• Unity gain (approximately isotropic radiation)
Need low power• ~1 W
Need available bandwidth• Many communications restrictions
Options• WiFi as a prototype system• Amateur radio• 2-way radios
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Antenna System
Friis Equation
• PRX = Power seen at receiver (W)
• PTX = Power supplied to transmitting antenna (W)
• GTX = Gain of transmitting antenna (dimensionless)
• GRX = Gain of receiving antenna (dimensionless)
• Lambda = wavelength of transmission frequency (m)• R = Distance between antennas• As lambda increases, the range increases, but so does the
required antenna length (for constant Pr, Pt)
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Options
Two way radio (example: Cobra PR135)• Fully assembled RF module• Two mile range• Twenty two channels (between 462 MHz and 467 MHz)• Maximum SNR is 40 dB• Transmitter power is 500 mW
Amateur radio• Beyond scope of project and too expensive• Nominal power received is .15 uW at one mile
• (Unity gain antennas, 460 MHz, 150 W)
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Software Prototype
Java• Sockets to simulate wireless transmissions• Opening socket simulated reception of initial request to
transmit signal (vehicle in range)• Data is sent in a 32 bit packet (Single Int)
Encryption Algorithm is multiplying by -1 Hashing of passwords Accounts for multiple vehicles at one time
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Deliverables Over the Full Year
Hardware • FPGA and Memory System• Transceiver Module• GPS Module
Software • All Software Prototype (Completed)• Encryption Algorithm Using RC5• Graphical User Interface
Will Expand on in MDR
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Cost Estimates
Altera FPGA Starter Kit - $199• includes memory, clock, USB input, power supply, four
switches, and four LED’s
Single FPGA ~ $100 Single 256k memory ~ $2 Transceiver module ~ $40
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Future Schedule
By MDR (Midpoint Design Review)• FPGA design (layout) finished• Transceiver module design in progress• Hardware components selected and ordered• Encryption module started• GUI completed
By CDR (Comprehensive Design Review)• Hardware built and implemented• Encryption module finished• System modules integrated and testing under way
By FPR (Final Project Review)• Completed project with a working demonstration
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Team Roles
Antenna, Signal Processing, and Power (Justin) FPGA and Memory Interfacing (Ben) Encryption Module (Mike) Overall System Implementation and GUI (Eric)