Friday October 9

Chapter 5, The American Revolution, 1763-1783: “The End of the

Beginning.”

Classwork for Friday October 9

1. Quick 5-question T/F quiz (homework grade)2. PPT or PBS video on the Revolution3. History Beyond the Textbook. In-class reading, research, and

writing assignment: Go to:http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtid=2&psid=3213(Digital History document: Why did the American Revolution Take Place?)

Carefully read this article and write a well-constructed paragraph (at least) on a topic that you find of interest. (Classwork grade-20%.) If you do not finish in class, complete at home and hand in on Tuesday.

Chapter 5, The American Revolution, 1763-1783, Introduction

Rioters opposed to the Stamp Act destroyed home of Chief Justice and Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson.

Many colonists felt the Stamp Act violated their liberty.

The Loyal Nine, merchants opposed to the Stamp Act were behind the demonstration, but felt it went too far.

Hutchinson was convinced there must be an abridgement of American liberties.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QRcOIyT1iEBoston History in a Minute: Stamp Act Riots (1m)

Chapter 5, The American Revolution, 1763-1783, The Crisis Begins: Consolidating the Empire

The Seven Years’ War had left Britain in great debt, and enlarged the empire, which needed to be defended.

Britain passed a number of trade and manufacturing restrictions on the colonies Wool, Iron, Hat, Molasses Acts—Colonists often ignored them.

Before the Seven Years’ War, Britain had often left the colonies on their own. “Salutary Neglect.”

Colonists treated as equals by the British during the Seven Years’ War; not so afterwards.

Chapter 5, The American Revolution, 1763-1783, The Crisis Begins: Consolidating the Empire

Debt from this war was passed on in the form of taxes. The British government felt that the colonials should help pay for their own protection.

Colonials resented paying taxes, with no representation in Parliament in London.

The British argued that the colonials were represented in Parliament “virtually.” Just like most British subjects who could not vote.

Colonists also outraged at British efforts to combat smuggling, as well as by the Proclamation Act of 1763 prohibiting westward movement beyond the Appalachians.

Chapter 5, The American Revolution, 1763-1783, The Crisis Begins: Taxing the Colonies

The Sugar Act of 1764 lowered the tax on molasses, but cracked down on rampant smuggling.

The Revenue Act placed restrictions on wool and hides, which previously had not been taxed. Now considered “ennumerated goods.”

The Currency Act extended a ban on colonial paper money.

All created economic hardships for the colonists—and all these measures were deeply resented.

Chapter 5, The American Revolution, 1763-1783, The Crisis Begins: The Stamp Act Crisis

The Stamp Act of 1765 was a direct tax on all sorts of printed materials. It was the first DIRECT British tax on all the colonies, rather than attempts at raising $$ by REGULATING TRADE.

The act was far reaching and offended nearly every free colonist. It covered all documents, newspapers, books, even playing cards.

Opposition to the Stamp Act was the first great drama of the Revolutionary era and the first major split between the colonists and Great Britain. The Stamp Act was opposed by almost all colonial leaders.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEKXXFlpkTMStamp Act of 1765 (12m)

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyThis teapot protesting the Stamp Act

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company

A woodcut depicting a crowd attempting tointimidate a New Hampshire official charged with enforcing the Stamp Act

Chapter 5, The American Revolution, 1763-1783, The Crisis Begins: Taxation and Representation

American leaders viewed the British empire as an association of equals in which free settlers overseas enjoyed the same rights as Britons at home.

Colonial leaders united in opposing “taxation without representation” as being antithetical to British liberty.

Britain did not want to back down from this tax for fear it would set an empire-wide precedent.

The Virginia House of Burgesses approved Patrick Henry’s resolution that Americans enjoyed the same liberties as Englishmen and that Britain had no right to tax them without their consent.

Chapter 5, The American Revolution, 1763-1783, The Crisis Begins: Taxation and Representation

The Stamp Act Congress met in 1765 to endorse Virginia’s House of Burgesses’ resolutions.

The delegates pledged loyalty to the king and parliament, but insisted on consenting to taxation.

This was the first major cooperative action of the disparate thirteen colonies (budding nation)

Britain had MANAGED TO UNITE the colonists-unintentionally!

Chapter 5, The American Revolution, 1763-1783, The Crisis Begins: Liberty and Resistance

No word was more frequently invoked by the critics of the Stamp Act than “liberty.”

-Liberty Tree in Boston-Liberty Hall (the space under the tree)-Liberty Pole in New York

A Committee of Correspondence had been created in Boston before the Stamp Act and other colonies to exchange ideas about resistance to the Sugar and Currency Acts.

After the Stamp Tax, such committees spread in popularity.

People from all classes-high born and low born grew concerned that their liberties were being eroded.

Chapter 5, The American Revolution, 1763-1783, The Crisis Begins: Politics in the Streets

In 1765 there were many demonstrations in New York “for Liberty”.

The Sons of Liberty were organized to resist the Stamp Act and to enforce a boycott of British goods.

New leaders emerged who rallied the working classes and other ethnic groups.

In 1766, stunned by the ferocity and vituperation of American resistance, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act.

London repealed the Stamp Act, but insisted the Declaratory Act be enforced. This act gave the British complete authority to pass all laws (including taxes) for the colonies.

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyA warning by the Sons of Liberty

No homework on Fridays

However, use the time wisely to plan and work on your project. Remember this constitutes a test grade (45%) and is due on Friday October 16, by 3 p.m.