Friday October 2

Chapter 4: Slavery, Freedom, and the Struggle for Empire to 1763

Classwork for Friday October 2

1. PPT Imperial Rivalries (Spain and France in North America)

2. Explore History Channel Sites on the French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War): http://www.history.com/topics/french-and-indian-war

http://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-french-and-indian-war

Chapter 4: Slavery, Freedom, and the Struggle for Empire to 1763, Imperial Rivalries: Spanish North America

British growth in North America took place at a time when European powers were competing for power.

Although a vast territorial empire on paper, Spanish North America actually consisted of a few and isolated urban clusters, largely in Florida, Texas, and New Mexico.

Despite establishing religious missions and presidios, the Spanish population in Spain’s North American empire remained relatively small and sparse.

Saint Augustine in Florida, San Antonio in Texas, and Santa Fe and Albuquerque in New Mexico were the main Spanish settlements.

Spanish attempted to reinvigorate their northern empire, unsuccessfully.

Chapter 4: Slavery, Freedom, and the Struggle for Empire to 1763, The Spanish in California

Spain ordered the colonization of California in response to a perceived Russian threat. Russian fur traders had established fur (otter pelts) and trading posts in Alaska.

Missions and presidios were established by the Spanish the length and breadth California.

a. Fra. Junipero Serra founded the first mission in 1769 and converted thousands of Indians to Christianity in California. (Just sainted by the Pope.)

Indian population dropped by a third (due to disease and resettlement) and very few Spanish settled in the area.

In 1821, at the end of Spanish rule, California had only 3,200 Spanish residents.The Spanish always prized their Central and South American colonies more than their settlements in North America.

Chapter 4: Slavery, Freedom, and the Struggle for Empire to 1763, The French Empire

France was a greater rival to the British in North America than the Spanish (both Catholic empires).

The French empire in North America in the early eighteenth century expanded due to natural population growth, and also because French traders and their Indian allies pushed all the way down the Mississippi Valley to the Gulf of Mexico.

Saint Lawrence River Valley had a French population of 55,000; Louisiana had a population of 10,000.

Even though British colonial populations dwarfed French colonial populations, the French posed a real threat to the British, because…

The French had control of the Mississippi and areas of present-day Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, the Carolinas; parts of New York, Pennsylvania, New England.

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyMap 4.3 European Empires in North America, ca. 1750

French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War

• http://www.history.com/topics/french-and-indian- war

• http://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-french-and-indian-war

No homework…However, I heartily suggest that you start reviewing for your Unit 1 Test next Wednesday October 7. This Test will include: Chapter 1: A New WorldChapter 2: Beginnings of English America, 1607-1660Chapter 3: Creating Anglo-America, 1660-1750Chapter 4: Slavery, Freedom, and the Struggle for Empire, to 1763

And will follow the same format as the chapter quizzes that you have already taken: 10 Multiple Choice questions, 1 Matching Section, 4 Short Answers.

How to study? Look over your quiz review sheets and old quizzes for Chapters 1-3. Look over the classwork and homework that you have done in Chapter 4. Review the PPTs. I will provide a Chapter 4 quiz review guide on Monday. Also……See next slide

No homework, however….If you want to get a head start on your homework reading and notes due Tuesday October 6, then by all means do so: Ch. 4, pp. 166-174 (omit pp. 172-173), Battle for the Continent: The Middle Ground through the end of the chapter. You will have a quick five-question True/False quiz on this reading on Tuesday October 6.