Friday, January 21, 2011 Objective: Students will be able to relate the concept of the gene to the...

Friday, January 21, 2011

Objective: Students will be able to relate the concept of the gene to the sequence of nucleotides in DNA.

Bellringer:

How does the structure of DNA enable (allow) it to reproduce itself accurately?

4 Minutes Remaining…

Friday, January 21, 2011


Bellringer:


Friday,January 21, 2011 last chance to view BR - 1 min


Bellringer:



…and you think you look weird when you sneeze…

1 Minute Remaining…

30 Seconds Remaining…

10 Seconds Remaining…

Turn In Your Bellringer!

THE END

VOCABULARY REVIEW1. DNA2. Nitrogenous base3. Double helix4. DNA replication5. Nucleotide6. Purines7. Pyrimidines8. Guanine (G)9. Adenine (A)10.Cytosine (C)11.Thymine (T)12.RNA13.Translation14.Transcription15.Uracil

A. Carbon ring structure contains 1+ Nitrogen, includes: G, A, C, T

B. Subunit of nucleic acidC. This purine base pairs with ThymineD. Deoxyribonucleic acid: contains genes E. This pyrimidine base pairs with AdenineF. DNA is copiedG. This purine base pairs with CytosineH. This pyrimidine base pairs with GuanineI. 2 strands of DNA twisted togetherJ. Double-ringed Nitrogenous bases (A,G)K. Single-ringed Nitrogenous bases (T,C)L. Ribonucleic acid: mRNA, tRNA, rRNAM. Process of creating a complementary RNA copy

of a sequence of DNAN. Process of assembling polypeptides from

information encoded in mRNA O. In RNA, nitrogenous base that replaces

Thymine . This base pairs with Adenine in RNA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementarity_(molecular_biology)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

Transcription can be explained easily in 4 or 5 simple steps, each moving like a wave along the DNA.1.DNA unwinds/"unzips" as the Hydrogen Bonds Break. 2.The free nucleotides of the RNA, pair with complementary DNA bases. 3.RNA sugar-phosphate backbone forms. (Aided by RNA Polymerase.) 4.Hydrogen bonds of the untwisted RNA+DNA "ladder" break, freeing the new RNA. 5.If the cell has a nucleus, the RNA is further processed and then moves through the small nuclear pores to the cytoplasm.

TranslationBegins when mRNA leaves the nucleus through pores inn the nuclear membrane.The mRNA then migrates to a ribosome in the cytosol , the site of protein synthesis.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus

Identify the structures….

DNA Base pairs:

A – T

C – G

• Held together by hydrogen bonds (weak)

• Secured to a sugar-phosphate backbone

Molecular view of the nucleotides…

DNA in many views (molecular, organic chemistry & biological):

DNA Replication Facts:

Goal:

DNA is copied.

Steps: 1. Double helix

unwinds

2. DNA “unzips”

3. Complimentary free nucleotides attach to sides of “zipper” to form new DNA strand

DNA REPLICATION IS NOT THE SAME AS PROTEIN

SYNTHESIS !!!

DNA Replication = new copy of DNA

Protein Synthesis = protein created (amino acid)

Key players in creating protein

1. DNA - contains directions

2. mRNA - carries directions from nucleus through cytoplasm to the ribosome

4. tRNA - delivers amino acid to ribosome for assembly into a protein

Protein Synthesis

Transcription occurs in the NUCLEUS

Steps =1. Double helix

unwinds

2. DNA “unzips”

3. Complimentary free nucleotides attach to sides of “zipper” to form a strand of mRNA

No Thymine is available in RNA, it is replaced by

URACIL (U). (No more T… A – U or U – A)

mRNA is read in Codons

From the next 3 slides, pick your favorite

mRNA amino acid chart

1. Practice the translation process and determine the amino acid from these mRNA sequences:

UCAAACCGAGUACAG

My favorite. Time to practice…Practice the translation

process and determine the amino acid from these mRNA sequences:

• UCA• AAC• CGA• GUA• CAG

Practice the translation process and determine the amino acid from these mRNA sequences:

• UCA = SERINE• AAC• CGA• GUA• CAG


• UCA = SERINE• AAC =

ASPARAGINE• CGA• GUA• CAG



ASPARAGINE• CGA =

ARGININE• GUA• CAG


• UCA = SERINE

• AAC = ASPARAGINE

• CGA = ARGININE

• GUA = VALINE

• CAG



ASPARAGINE• CGA =

ARGININE• GUA = VALINE• CAG =

GLUTAMINE

Not my fave, but time to practice…Practice the translation





ASPARAGINE• CGA =



• UCA = SERINE


• CGA = ARGININE

• GUA = VALINE

• CAG



ASPARAGINE• CGA =


GLUTAMINE

Just discovered this one. Time to practice…Practice the translation





ASPARAGINE• CGA =



• UCA = SERINE


• CGA = ARGININE

• GUA = VALINE

• CAG



ASPARAGINE• CGA =


GLUTAMINE

This is the BEST transcription/translation website ever. Try

IT now!http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/

MAKE THE DNA REPLICATE

C C T A A G A G C G G C

You create the new DNA

Original DNA

MAKE THE DNA REPLICATE

C C T

G G A T T C T C G C C G

A A G A G C G G C

Original DNA

New DNA

TRANSCRIBE THE DNA CODE INTO mRNA

T C G G A C A T C C G T

DNA

You create the mRNA

TRANSCRIBE THE DNA CODE INTO mRNA

T C G

A G C C U G U A G G C A

G A C A T C C G T

DNA

mRNA

USE THE mRNA CODE PROVIDED

TO ADD THE COMPLEMENTARY tRNA

U C G


A U CG A C U A C

mRNA

tRNA AMINO ACID

USE THE mRNA & tRNA TO TRANSCRIBE THE PROTEIN CHAIN

G A C A U C C G U

A C G


mRNA

tRNA

AMINO ACID


A U C

G A C

C G U

U C G

mRNA

tRNA


AMINO ACID


C G U

G A C A U C

mRNA

tRNA


AMINO ACIDPROTEIN CHAIN


C G UA U C

mRNA

tRNA


AMINO ACIDPROTEIN CHAIN

Review the steps of Protein Synthesis

Translation occurs in the RIBOSOME

Steps = 1. Double helix

unwinds

2. DNA “unzips”

3. Complimentary free nucleotides attach to sides of “zipper” to form new DNA strand

No Thymine is available in RNA, it is replaced by URACIL (U). (No more T… A – U or U – A)

Anti-Codons & Translation

Friday, January 21, 2011 Objective: Students will be able to relate the concept of the gene to the...

Documents

Transcript of Friday, January 21, 2011 Objective: Students will be able to relate the concept of the gene to the...