Friday 8/14/15• RAP• Read “You can make a difference” on page 27.

• Do you think students should be placed on both local and state boards of education with voting rights?• Explain.

• Do you think a school newspaper should be censored by the Principal, board, or Superintendent?Explain.

• Today:• Read Ch. 2.1-Our Political Beginnings, and Ch. 2.2 – The Coming of Independence

• Take notes and answer the questions on the handout.

Today

• Read Ch. 2.1 and 2.2 and complete the vocabulary on the handout.• Read Ch. 2.3 and complete the section assessment• If you complete those, then begin Ch. 2.4 and 2.5 and complete the

handout.

• We will go over Ch. 2.4 and 2.5 on Tuesday

Monday 8/17

RAPList three basic concepts of government that influenced government in the English

colonies. (Ch. 2.1)

Today:Student NewsMagna Carta readingReview Ch. 2.1 and 2.2Read the “Declaration of Independence”Ch. 2.3 reading and section assessment #1-6Review Ch. 2.3Read Ch. 2.4 and 2.5 and complete the handout.

Ch. 2.1 “Our Political Beginnings”• Limited government:

• Government is not all powerful; government is restricted in what it may do, each individual has certain rights; came from GB

• Representative government:• From GB; government should serve the will of the people—people should have

a voice in deciding what government should do and not do. “by the people, for the people”

• Magna Carta:• A great charter that King John of England was forced to sign by the barons of

England in 1215. They wanted protection from the heavy handed and arbitrary acts by the king. Trial by jury, due process of law, protection of life, liberty and property.

As a class•Please read the primary source, “The Magna Carta,” on page

33, and answer the three questions at the end.• Title in your notes Magna Carta

1. What basic American right has its origins in Article 39 of the Magna Carta?

2. Which article provides the basis for the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, which states that no person can “be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”?

3. What limits does Article 12 place on the king’s power to tax?

Magna Carta, pg 33

1. The right to trial by jury has its origins in Article 39 of the Magna Carta.

2. Article 52 provides the basis for the Fifth Amendment3. The king may not impose taxes without the general

consent of the people.

• Petition of Right:• Limited the king, Charles I of England's power in 1628 – no longer imprison or

punish any person but by the lawful judgment of his peers. Challenged Divine Right.

• English Bill of Rights:• Parliament drew up a list of provisions known as the English Bill of Rights, in

1689, for King William and Mary. It prohibited a standing army in peacetime, except with consent of Parliament; right of fair trial, freedom of excessive bail, etc.

• Albany plan of Union:• 1754, a plan offered up by Benjamin Franklin, he proposed an annual congress of

delegates from all 13 colonies. Here they would meet to discuss the colonies issues. The representatives would have the power to raise military and naval forces, collect duties, tax, regulate trade, make war and peace. This was ahead of its time.

Declaration of Independence pg.40-43• Popcorn read:• Please complete the Comprehension questions #1-5 as we read. • Keep in your notes

Ch. 2.3: The Critical Period

• Articles of Confederation:• Plan of government giving the states more power than the central government.• Many weaknesses

• One vote for each state, regardless of size.• Congress powerless to lay and collect taxes or duties.• Congress powerless to regulate foreign and interstate commerce.• No executive to enforce acts of Congress• No national court system• Amendment only with consent of all states.• A 9/13 majority required to pass laws.• Articles only a “firm league of friendship.”

• Many realized the need for a stronger government.

Finish Ch. 2.4 and 2.5

Thursday 8/20

RAP• What were the Articles of Confederation?• Were they a good idea? Explain.

• Today:• CE• Review Ch.2• Alexander Hamilton XC• Ch. 3

Ch. 2.4: Creating the Constitution

• Framers of the Constitution, met in Philadelphia, on Friday May 25, 1787.• Wealthy, prestigious, and men of public experience.• 39 had been members of the Continental Congress; eight signed the Declaration

of Independence.• Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and Richard

Henry Lee were not at the Convention.• Met at Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence had been

signed.• Worked in secrecy.• William Jackson kept the journal for the convention.• James Madison also took notes, and he soon became the main contributor to the

Constitution. Also, he is known as the “Father of the Constitution.”

• Virginia Plan:• On May 29th, created the first plan for the convention. • Work was mainly the work of Madison.• 3 separate branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.• Congress would choose a “national Executive” and a “national Judiciary.”• State officers should take an oath to support the nation• Basically a plan to revise the A o C.• Many delegates from the smaller states thought it was too radical.

• New Jersey Plan:• Amendments to the A o C but not as radical as the Virginia Plan.• Retained the unicameral congress.• Each state had equal representation.• Federal executive of more than one person; chosen by Congress.

• Major disagreement between the two plans centered on: • How should the States be represented in Congress?• Would it be on the basis of their populations or financial contributions, as in the Virginia

Plan?• Or would it be on the basis of State equality, as in the A o C and the New Jersey Plan.

• Connecticut Compromise:• Agreed that Congress should be composed of two

houses.• Senate – each state would receive two senators –equal

representation.• House of Representatives – would be based on

population.• Also known as the Great Compromise because it was so

pivotal to the writing of the Constitution!

• Three Fifths Compromise:• How were slaves to be counted? • Many thought it should be free people only,

northerners, but southerners wanted their slave population included.

• So the compromise was that three fifths of the slave population would be counted in slave holding states.

• Commerce and Slave Trade:• Congress was given the power to regulate foreign and interstate trade.• This made many southerners nervous.• They feared export duties would rise and the slave trade would be interfered

with, so an agreement had to be made.• Congress was forbidden the power to act on the slave trade for a period of at least 20

years!

Which group were ignored, or even harmed by the compromises that created the Constitution?

• Framers: educated, widely read and familiar with governments of ancient Greece and Rome; Lock, Montesquieu, Rousseau. Also, some are from the Second Continental Congress, Articles of Confederation, and their own state governments.• Some Framers: Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John

Marshall, Patrick Henry, James Monroe, and Richard Henry Lee but not all signed the document. (Pages 49 and 771)

• Sources that influenced the Framers were William Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, Baron de Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws, Jean Jacques Rousseau’s Social Contract, and John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, and many more.

What do you know about Alexander Hamilton?

Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 (?)  – July 12, 1804)

• He was a Founding Father, soldier, economist, political philosopher, one of America's first constitutional lawyers and the first United States Secretary of the Treasury. His face is on the $10.00 bill.

• Alexander Hamilton overcame great odds, including impoverishment and illegitimacy, in obtaining his position as aide-de-camp to General Washington. For approximately the next twenty years, Hamilton and Washington would work with each other during the Revolutionary War, the framing of the Constitution, and Washington's Presidency.

• Hamilton was appointed a member of Congress. He worked closely with fellow New Yorker, Gouverneur Morris, in financing the fledgling national government. His rapid advancement from the Caribbean islands, to college in New York (what is now Columbia University), and the experience he obtained in the Continental Army (especially as an aide to Washington) continued with his tremendous influence during the framing of the Constitution, and beyond. The extraordinary achievements he made during the War for American Independence impressed many. Alexander Hamilton's contributions to the United States during this early period will not be forgotten any time soon.

OH and……• Vice President Burr (third Vice president

under Thomas Jefferson) ran for governor (after he realized that he would be dropped from the re-election ticket) in New York State, but Hamilton's influence in his home state was strong enough to prevent a Burr victory. Taking offense at some of Hamilton's comments, Burr challenged him to a duel and mortally wounded Hamilton, who died within days.

Lets watch…..

• White House evening of poetry with Lin-Manuel Miranda's "The Hamilton Mix tape" (Hamilton rap).

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNFf7nMIGnE

XC

• Write and perform a rap about some form of United States government.

• Can be done with another person!

Ratifying the Constitution

The fight between the Federalists and the Anti-

Federalists

The Constitution was printed, circulated, and debated.

Two groups emerged in each state.

•The Federalists those who favored ratification•The Anti-Federalists those who opposed ratification

The Federalists

• Led by many of those that had attended the Philadelphia Convention (most active & effective were James Madison & Alexander Hamilton)

• Stressed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

• Argued that the difficulties facing the republic could be overcome only by a new govt. based on the proposed constitution.

The Anti-Federalists

• Headed by well known Revolutionary war figures; Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, John Hancock, and Samuel Adams.

Anti-Federalists

• Attacked nearly every part of the new document.

• Many objected to the ratification process.

• Many objected to the absence of any mention of God.

• Objected to states not being able to print money

Anti-Federalists: The two features of the proposed document that were the biggest concerns were:

1. The greatly increased power of the central government.

2. The lack of a bill of rights.

Anti-federalists

The proposed document did not provide for such basic liberties as freedom of speech, press & religion nor the rights of a fair trial.

The Anti-Federalists wanted in particular to ensure that the government could not be tyrannical. With a strong central government and no outline of basic rights, they felt individual freedom was threatened.

It was close but…The Federalists finally wonratification in all the states.

The failure of New York and Virginia to ratify would have doomed the constitution, because they were among the leading states economically and in terms of political leadership.

New York was the last key state to ratifyThe contest (to ratify or not) led to a collection of 85

essays supporting the Constitution (written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay): The Federalist Papers. They remain (today) an excellent commentary on the Constitution, and are considered among the best political writings in the English language.

September 13, 1788The New US Constitution took

effect.

Bill of Rights were added less than three years later.

Each of those amendments arose out of the controversy surrounding the ratification.

Finish Ch. 3 –turn in

Please read Ch. 2.3 “The Critical Period”• Complete the section assessment in your notes.• Have Gipson stamp your answers to questions 1-6! Before you read 2.4 and

2.5

If you complete your section assessment please grab a handout on the podium.

Handout on Ch. 2.4 and 2.5 readings –please complete by Wednesday.

Tuesday 8/17/15

RAP• Describe the framers of the Constitution.• How do they compare to our leaders in Washington today? Explain.

Today:• Review Ch.2• Quick Study of Ch. 2 for quiz

Wednesday 1/14/15

RAP• How had the Articles of Confederation created a government unable

to deal with the nation’s troubles? (pg.45)

Today:CE presentations20 minutes to finish Ch. 2 Will Review Ch. 2 tomorrow.