Fricatives PlaceVoicelessVoiced Labiodental/f//v/ Interdental //////// //////// Alveolar/s//z/...
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Transcript of Fricatives PlaceVoicelessVoiced Labiodental/f//v/ Interdental //////// //////// Alveolar/s//z/...
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FricativesFricatives
PlacePlace VoicelessVoiceless VoicedVoiced
LabiodentalLabiodental /f//f/ /v//v/
InterdentalInterdental //// ////
AlveolarAlveolar /s//s/ /z//z/
PalatalPalatal //// ////
GlottalGlottal /h//h/ ////
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Are
a (c
m2 )
Length (cm)
////
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Fluid FlowFluid Flow
Equation for TurbulenceEquation for Turbulence
Re= V*h/Re= V*h/ Re: Reynolds numberRe: Reynolds number V: flow velocityV: flow velocity : kinematic coefficient : kinematic coefficient
of viscosityof viscosity h: characteristic h: characteristic
dimension (size of dimension (size of constriction)constriction)
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Source CharacteristicsSource Characteristics
Flat spectrum Flat spectrum Similar across all Similar across all
places of articulationplaces of articulation
Frequency
Am
plitu
de
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Source CharacteristicsSource CharacteristicsF
requ
ency
Am
plitu
de
Time
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Source Characteristics: VoicedSource Characteristics: VoicedA
mpl
itude
Frequency
+
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Filter CharacteristicsFilter CharacteristicsA
rea
(cm
2 )
Length (cm)
lipsglottis
Anterior constriction
FrontCavity*Back
Cavity
* Front cavity length Largely dictates resonant frequency
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Fricatives:Fricatives:
AlveolarAlveolar front cavity length ~ 2.5 cmfront cavity length ~ 2.5 cmF1=34000/4*2.5 = 3400 HzF1=34000/4*2.5 = 3400 Hz Intense energy at/above 3400 HzIntense energy at/above 3400 Hz
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Source Filter TheorySource Filter Theory
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Sibilants: Spectrum EnvelopeSibilants: Spectrum Envelope
// (~2-3 KHz) /s/ (> 3.5-4 KHz)
Am
plitu
de
Frequency
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SpectrogramSpectrogram
// /s/
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/s//h/
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/f/
Waveform and Spectrogram Amplitude Spectrum
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/z/ /s/
VoicingVoicing
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/z/
/s/
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sht ch
///t//t/
AffricateAffricate
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Rise-time: stops vs. affricatesRise-time: stops vs. affricates
/t/
/t/