Freshwater Shortages
-
Upload
danielle-songano -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
0
Transcript of Freshwater Shortages
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 1/19
FRESHWATER
SHORTAGES
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 2/19
What is
freshwater?Freshwater is defned as having a
low salt concentration – usually less
than 1%.
It is a naturally occurring water onEarth’s surace in ice sheets, ice
caps, glaciers, icebergs, bogs,ponds, laes, rivers, and strea!s.
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 3/19
What is groundwater?
"roundwater is water locatedbeneath the earth’s surace in soilpore spaces and in the ractures oroc or!ation.
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 4/19
Importance of
Groundwater#ural areas are highly dependent in their own
wells to provide all their water needs. $own andcity dwellers are also dependent in groundwateras vast !aority o water supply syste!.
Far!ers use groundwater or irrigating crops and
or their ani!als.&o!!ercial businesses and industries depend on
groundwater or their processes and operations.'ther industries rely on clean groundwater or
the production o electric power, ood,beverages, and !aterial production."roundwater is also very i!portant as it
supplies springs, and !uch o the water in ourponds, !arshland, swa!ps, strea!s, rivers and
bays.
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 5/19
Cause of Groundwater
Depletion Lowering of the Water Table E(cessive pu!ping can lower the groundwatert able, and cause wells to no longer able to reachthe groundwater.
Increased Cost)s the water table lowers, the water !ust bepu!ped arther to reach the surace, using !oreenergy.Reduced Surface Water Supplies
"roundwater and surace water are connected.*hen groundwater is overused, the laes,strea!s, and rivers connected to groundwater canalso have their supply di!inished.
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 7/19
!eople Lac" #ccess to
$reshwater due to%*ater ollution*ater pollution is the conta!ination o the
bodies o water. It occurs when pollutants aredirectly or indirectly into water bodies without
ade-uate treat!ent to re!ove har!ulco!pounds.
*ater conta!inationWater contamination is the ter! used to
describe ha/ardous !aterials o any indthat are polluting a source o water.
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 9/19
GR&'(D W#T)R
C&(T#*I(#TI&(
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 11/19
S&'RC)S &$ GR&'(DW#T)RC&(T#*I(#TI&(
(atural Resources0o!e substances ound naturally in rocs orsoils can beco!e dissolved in ground water.'ther naturally occurring substances, such asdecaying organic !atter, can !ove in ground
water as particles. Septic Sstems
'ne o the !ain causes o ground waterconta!ination is the euent 2out3ow4 ro! septic
tans, cesspools, and privies. Improper Disposal of +a,ardous Waste
5a/ardous waste should always be disposed o properly, that is to say, by a licensed ha/ardouswaste handler or through !unicipal ha/ardouswaste collection days.
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 13/19
Sewers and &ther !ipelines0ewer pipes carrying wastes so!eti!es lea
3uidsinto the surrounding soil and ground water.
!esticide and $ertili,er 'seFar!ers, ho!eowners, businesses 2e.g., gol
courses4, utilities, and !unicipalities use theseche!icals. ) nu!ber o these pesticides andertili/ers 2so!e highly to(ic4 have entered andconta!inated groundwater.
Drainage Wells7rainage wells are used in wet areas to help
drainwater and transport it to deeper soils. $hese
wells!ay contain agricultural che!icals and
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 15/19
#cti0e Drin"ing Water Suppl Wellsoorly constructed wells can result in groundwater conta!ination. &onstruction proble!s
allow outside water and any acco!panyingconta!inants to 3ow into the well. !oorl Constructed Irrigation Wells
$hese wells can allow conta!inants to enter
ground water. 'ten pesticides and ertili/ers areapplied in the i!!ediate vicinity o wells on
agricultural land.*ining #cti0ities
)ctive and abandoned !ines can contribute toground water conta!ination. recipitation can
leach soluble !inerals ro! the !ine wasteslevels higher than !a(i!u! conta!inant levelsor health advisory levels.
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 16/19
!eople Lac" #ccess to
$reshwater
11 % o the globalpopulation, or 89: !illionpeople, are still without
access i!proved sourceso drining water.0ource; <= >?1>
$he @A suggests that each person needs >?BC?litres o water a day to ensure their basic needs ordrining, cooing and cleaning.0ource; *orld *ater )ssess!ent rogra!!e2**)4
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 17/19
Water Scarcit*ater scarcity can be defned as a condition in
which people lac suDcient water or else do nothave access to sae water supplies.
8/9/2019 Freshwater Shortages
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/freshwater-shortages 18/19
!hsical water scarcit is the situationwhere there is not enough water to !eet all
de!ands, including that neededor ecosyste!s to unction e6ectively.
)conomic water scarcit is caused by alac o invest!ent in water or insuDcienthu!an capacity to satisy the de!and orwater.
Water StressWater stress is the diDculty o obtaining
sources o resh water or use, because o
depleting resources.