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lg/fzfhgs sf]k]gx]ug ;Dd]ngnfO{ k5\ofpFb} o; c+sdf xfdL hnjfo' kl/jt{g / kfgL;DaGwL d'2fx¿df uxg b[li6 lbg]5f}F . xfd|f] sfdsf ;Gbe{df sf]k]gx]ugn] s] cy{ /fVb5 / oxfFaf6 xfdL stflt/ hfg]5f}F < k[i7 $ / % df lbOPsf xfd|f n]vx¿sf ;fy} km\ofG;f / km\ofgf;sf k[i7x¿df lbOPsf pgLx¿sf If]qLo kl/k|]Ifx¿ k9L oL s'/fx¿ tyf cGo s'/fx¿af/] hfgsf/L xfl;n ug'{xf];\ .

gofF tyf pT;fxk"0f{ jif{sf] yfngL;Fu;Fu} xfdL lgs6 eljiodf x'gnfu]sf s]xL sfo{qmdx¿af/] rrf{ ug'{sf ;fy} ;g\ @))( df ePsf s]xL ;kmntfaf/] ;dLIff ug{]5f}F . ;fy}, xfd|f] n]vg k|ltof]lutfsf ljhoL !% jifL{of cf}/f]gL ;]df]06L vfgåf/f lnlvt pTs[i6 ljrf/ klg k9\g ge'Ng'xf]nf . pxfFn] k]K;L / kfgL clwsf/;DaGwdf cfkm\gf] ljrf/ xfdL;dIf k:sg'ePsf] 5 .

oL dxTjk"0f{ a}7sx¿ sf]:6fl/sfdf hgj/Lsf] cGTolt/ cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP . ;Lk, 1fg tyf ;jf{]Ts[i6 cEof;x¿;DaGwL 5nkmn tyf cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg ul/Psf] hLjGt ;~rf/ sfo{zfnfkl5 cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;~rfns kl/ifb\sf] a}7s km\ofgsf] /0fgLltdf ;xdlt h'6fpgdf s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] -yk ;fdu|L k[i7 # df k9\g'xf]nf_ . yk hfgsf/L xfd|f] j]a;fO6 www.freshwateraction.net/communications df kfpg ;Sg'x'G5 .

ljZj a}+snfO{ /fd|/L a'‰g'sf ;fy} To;;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;Ifd kfg{sf nflu If]qLo cg';Gwftfx¿sf] ;xof]udf km\ofgn] ljZj a}+s xft]k':ts tof/ ug{] sfo{sf] g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] 5 . o;af/] tyf hf/L ;+jfbsf cGo kIfx¿af/] clk|ndf x'g] ljZj a}+sssf] j;Gt a}7sdf 5nkmn ul/g]5 .

o; c+ssf] tl:a/ k|ltof]lutfdf clgn bQ Jof;sf] …8fkm{/df kfgLsf nflu nfOg al;/x]sf dlxnfx¿Ú zLif{ssf] tl:a/ ljhoL ePsf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f v8]/L tyf af9L h:tf df};dsf r/d :j¿k lgs} cfd x'Fb} hfg] ;Defjgf;Fu;Fu} kfgL ;'6nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] xfd|f] sfd ck"j{ ¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ aGb} uPsf] 5 .

ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] zf}rfno nfd eg]sf] ;g\ @)!) clk|n @@ df jflzË6g 8L;Ldf x'g] ;/;kmfO tyf kfgL;DaGwL ljZjs} klxnf] pRr:t/Lo a}7sdf jf:tljs kl/jt{gsf nflu cfXjfg ug{ ljZjel/af6 xhf/f}F cleofgstf{x¿nfO{ Pslqt ug{] p2]Zon] cfof]lht hgkl/rfng sfo{qmd / lug]; ljZj sLlt{dfg /fVgsf nflu ul/Psf] Ps k|of; xf] .xfd|f ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿nfO{ PSoa4tfdf afFWg] ljZjJofkL sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g] of] ljnIf0f cj;/ xf] . o;sf] ;kmntf ;d'bfo tyf u};; kl/rfngdf lge{/ 5 . To;}n] s[kof ;xefuL x'g'xf];\ Û www.worldtoiletqueue.org/

bf]>f] /fHoJoj:yf tyf kf/blz{tf sf]if -hL6LPkm_;DaGwL bf]>f] cBfjlws hfgsf/L k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . o; klqsfdf /flvPsf] hfgsf/L x]g'{xf]nf jf OG6/g]6af6 8fpgnf]8 ug'{xf]nf . o;df o; kxnsf tfhf ;dfrf/x¿sf ;fy} hL6LPkmsf Ps ;f´]bf/ u|fd ljsf;sf] kl/ro /flvPsf] 5 . o; ;f´]bf/n] ef/tsf] cf]l/:;fdf ul/a tyf ;LdfGtLs[t u|fdL0f ;d'bfox¿sf] hLjg:t/df lbuf] ;'wf/sf nflu sfd ub{} cfPsf] 5 .

www.freshwateraction.net/GTFupdate x]g'{xf]nf .

kfgL ;dfrf/sf] km]a|c/L c+sdf :jfut 5

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ljZj a}+s xft]k':ts;DaGwL cBfjlws hfgsf/L

tl:a/ k|ltof]lutfsf ljhoL

rlk{ hfg]sf] ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] nfd

bf]>f] /fHoJoj:yf tyf kf/blz{tf sf]if -hL6LPkm_;DaGwL cBfjlws hfgsf/L

km\ofgsf] /0fgLlt – xfd|f] efjL lbzfsf] ;dLIff ................ #

;g\ @))( sf s]xL ;lrq emnsx¿ .............................. . #

hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;Dd]ngdf km\ofgåf/f kfgLsf nflu bafa.. $

hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;Dd]ngsf] lg/fzfhgs cGTo ................ %

k]K;L / kfgL clwsf/ – Ps j}rfl/s cleJolQm ............... %

PGo"sf If]qLo cBfjlws hfgsf/Lx¿ .......................... ^, &

km\ofgf;sf If]qLo cBfjlws hfgsf/Lx¿ ....................... *

km\ofGsfsf If]qLo cBfjlws hfgsf/Lx¿ .................... (, !)

km\ofg–d]S;sf If]qLo cBfjlws hfgsf/Lx¿ ............. !!, !@

km\ofG;fsf If]qLo cBfjlws hfgsf/Lx¿ .................. !#, !$

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s]Gb|laGb'df km\ofg ;b:o – le6fP l;leln;, a|flhn ....... !^

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km\ofGsfsf] cfltYodf sf]:6fl/sfdf hgj/Lsf] cGTolt/ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;~rfns kl/ifb\sf] a}7ssf] d'Vo p2]Zo km\ofgsf] klxnf] /0fgLlt kq lyof] . pQm /0fgLlt kqn] cfufdL kfFr jif{sf nflu xfd|f] sfo{lbzfsf] gS;f°g u/]sf] 5 eg] xfd|f] ;+:yfut ;+/rgf s;/L kl/jt{g x'g;S5 eGg]af/] ljrf/ u/]sf] 5 .

kl/ifb\sf cWoIf /fdL;]§L d'/nLn] eGg'eof], æxfd|f ;Dk"0f{ zlQm / cg'ejnfO{ jf:tjd} Pslqt u/L ljZjsf] kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL kl/b[Zodf ;'wf/sf nflu pNn]Vo k|efj kfg{] ljrf/ ul/Psf] gofF /0fgLlt sfof{Gjog yfngL ug{] of] ;do jf:tjd} km\ofgsf nflu pT;fxhgs ;do xf] . xfd|f] dxTjfsfª\IfL gLltut kl/jt{gsf p2]Zox¿ xfl;n ug{] lbzfdf lglZrt ¿kdf ;Dk"0f{ k|of; s]lGb|t ug{ / xfdL ;a}nfO{ sfd ug{df km\ofgsf] gofF kfFr jif{] /0fgLltn] pTk|]l/t ug{]5 eGg] ;f]r xfd|f] 5 .Æ

/0fgLltut of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{] ljrf/ ;g\ @))* sf] ;]K6]Da/df cfD:68{ddf ePsf] ;~rfns kl/ifb\sf] klxnf] a}7ssf qmddf cfPsf] lyof] . clxn];Dddf d;f}bf ;+/rgfsf] vfsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 / a}7saf6 lj:t[t n]vg sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . clxn] xfdLaLr /0fgLlt / ;+/rgfsf ;Gbe{df ;xdlt eO;s]sf]n] casf] sbd eg]sf] sfo{ut of]hgf tof/ ug'{ xf] / o;;Gbe{df ;lrjfno / ;~rfns kl/ifb\n] sfd ug{]5g\ .

tkfO{Fsf ljrf/x¿nfO{ :jfut 5, To;}n] k"0f{ k|ltj]bgsf nflu km\ofgsf] j]a;fO6df hfg'xf];\ / s'g} l6Kk0fL jf ;'emfj 5g\ eg] hf] uf]Dd]nfO{ ;Dks{ ug'{xf];\ .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿ xfd|f] j]a;fO6df cª\u|]hL, :k]lgz k|mfFl;;L efiffdf /flvPsf 5g\ . yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu www.freshwateraction.net/strategy df hfg'xf];\ .

km\ofgsf] /0fgLlt – xfd|f] efjL lbzfsf] ;dLIff

Ps ;fd'bflos kfgL clws[t;Fu cGt/jftf{ ub}{ km\ofGsf Ps sd{rf/L .

clk|msf kfgL ;Ktfxdf gful/s ;dfhsf dfux¿sf ;fy /]e s]g]8L sf]lNng af};fg]

>Ln°fdf ;g\ @))( sf] gf]e]Da/df cfof]lht ;fsf];fg cg'udg a}7s km\ofG;f

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PGo" ;fwf/0f ;efdf k|z+;f k'/:sf/ k|fKt ub{} km\ofg .

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;Gbe{df kfgL;DaGwL k|d'v gLltut ;Gb]zx¿kfgL lbj;sf] cfof]hgfkl5 ljZjJofkL ;fj{hlgs kfgL ;~hfn -hLkLkLPg_n] …kfgL ljZj M ljZjJofkL hnjfo' kl/jt{g lsg ljZjJofkL kfgL r'gf}tL xf]Ú ljifos Ps k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . To;df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;Gbe{df kfgL;DaGwL lgDglnlvt k|d'v gLltut ;Gb]zx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ M

• ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIox¿ xfl;n ug{sf nflu hnrqmdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjaf/] a'‰g' / To;nfO{ Jojl:yt ug'{ dxTjk"0f{ 5 .• PsLs[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg cfwf/e"t cg's"n sfo{ xf] . • ;kmn cg's'ngsf nflu If]qLo Pj+ ;Ldfkf/ ;xof]u tyf ;dGjo cfjZos 5 .• kfl/l:ysLo k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t cg's"ngn] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|lt/f]w lgdf{0f ub{5 .• hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0fsf nflu pmhf{ If]qdf ckgfOPsf sbdn] kfgLsf] k|of]u tyf pknAwtfdfly ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'k5{ . • hn Joj:yfkgdfkm{t\ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ngsf qmddf ljz]if ;d'x tyf pkef]Qmfx¿sf e'ldsfnfO{ ljrf/ ul/g'kb{5 . • hn Joj:yfkgsf dfWodaf6 hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|efjx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{ cltl/Qm ;fwg;|f]t, Ifdtf ljsf; tyf If]qut 1fg

cfbfgk|bfg cfjZos kb{5 . oL ;Gb]zx¿sf] k"0f{ kf7sf nflu xfd|f] j]a;fO6 http://gppn.stakeholderforum.org/ df ljZjJofkL ;fj{hlgs kfgL ;~hfn

-hLkLkLPg_sf] k|ltj]bg k9\g'xf]nf .

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hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;Dd]ngdf km\ofgåf/f kfgLsf nflu bafa

km\ofggf]e]Da/df af;{]nf]gfdf ;DkGg hnjfo'

kl/jt{g;DaGwL a}7sdf ljZjel/af6 cfPsf ;/sf/L, cGt/;/sf/L tyf u};;sf kfgLlj1x¿ tyf k}/jLstf{x¿sf ;fy km\ofg ;b:ox¿ klg ;xefuL eP .

kfgL eg]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng tyf ;dfwfgsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ tyf cGt/;DalGwt rf;f] xf] eGg] s'/f k|bz{g ug{ af;{]nf]gfdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g a}7s;Fu;Fu} gf]e]Da/ # df …kfgL lbj;Ú cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu h'‰gsf nflu kfgLn] lgjf{x ug{] dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsfaf/] ljrf/ ug{ a}7ssf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ cfXjfg ub{} hLjgofkg, e'ld, kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL, cGt/;Ldf Joj:yfkg, pmhf{ tyf n}lËstfsf ;Gbe{df kfgL / hnjfo' kl/jt{gaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ pQm sfo{qmdn] ;Daf]wg u/]sf] lyof] . kfgLsf] dxTjnfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf dfGotf k|bfg ug{] sf]k]gx]ug pknlAwnfO{ ;xof]u h'6fpg] of]hgf klg o;n] agfof] . hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng tyf Go"gLs/0fsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ kfgL;DaGwL d'2fx¿nfO{ lsg ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ eGg]af/] lj:t[t ¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] Ps k|ltj]bg pQm jftf{kl5 ljZjJofkL ;fj{hlgs kfgL ;~hfn -hLkLkLPg_n] tof/ u/]sf] lyof] .

kfl/l:ysLo k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t cg's'ng tyf lbuf] ljsf;;DaGwL jx;sf k|d'v ;xefuL o'uf08fsf] /fli6«o Jofj;flos jftfj/0fljb\ ;‹sf k|fWofks cf]j]o]3f cfkm'gf8'nfn] eGg'eof],

æljleGg k[i7e'ld, cg'ej, cle?lr tyf rf;f] ePsf dflg;x¿sf] a[xb\ e]nf;Fu cGt/lqmof ug{] 7'nf] cj;/ dnfO{ o; a}7sn]

k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

æd]/f] ljrf/df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf nflu lhDd]jf/ k|fylds tTjx¿sf ¿kdf /x]sf xfd|+f c6n dfGotf, pkef]ujfb tyf lg/y{s hLjgz}nLdfly cfqmd0f ug{] s'g} ljsNk a9L pkof]uL x'g;Sg] s'/f hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;d:of ;dfwfgk|lt k|lta4 JolQmx¿nfO{ ;Demfpg y'k|} ;do, pmhf{ / k};f nfUg] s'/f :ki6 5 .Æ

…kfgL / hLjgofkg M kfgL / ;/;kmfO ;]jf cfk"lt{ tyf ul/aL lgjf/0faLrsf] ;DaGwÚ ljifos a}7ssf b'O{ hgf k|d'v k|:tf]tfx¿dWo] Ps hgf aËnfb]zsf] vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL u};; d~rsf hf];]km xfN8/ x'g'x'GYof] eg] Ujf6]dfnfsf] cu'jf 8]n k'PAnf] -P8LkL_ sf n'qm]l;of lk:sLn] cflbjf;L ;d'bfox¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ub{} n}lËstf, kfgL tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf r'gf}tLx¿;DaGwL kf]8sf:6df efu lng'ePsf] lyof] .

km\ofgsf tLg hg} ;b:ox¿n] cf}krfl/s 5nkmnsf qmddf pgLx¿sf ;/sf/L k|ltlglwd08nx¿nfO{ bafa lbg] sfd u/]sf lyP . tkfO{F xfd|f] j]a;fO6df tL kf]8sf:6 5nkmn -d'n ¿kdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo /]l8of]df k|zf/0f ul/Psf]_ ;'Gg / ;DalGwt k|ltj]bgx¿ k9\g ;Sg'x'G5 .

hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf/] ;d´bf/L ljsf; ug{];DaGwL km\ofG;fsf] of]hgfaf/] k[i7 !$ df k9\g'xf]nf . yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu www.freshwateraction.net/Barcelona df hfg'xf]nf .

af;{]nf]gfdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] kfgL lbj;df u};; d~rsf hf];]km xfN8/, cfu'jf 8]n k'PAnf]sf n'qm]l;of lk:sL / km\ofgsf s]l/8\j]g hf]g;g .

…k]K;L kfgL clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg ub{5 M ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g jf hg;Dks{ lj1fkg <Ú ljifos xfd|f] n]vg k|ltof]lutfdf !% jifL{of cf}/f]gL ;]df]06L vfgsf] ljrf/f]Q]hs n]vg ljhoL ePsf] 5======

d]/f] b]z aËnfb]zsf] jt{dfg oyfl:yltdf Ps k6s x]/f}F . kfgL yfKgs} nflu dfq} dflg;x¿ ;'of{]bo gx'Fb}b]lv lbgx'F nfdf] nfOgdf a;]sf xfdL b]Vb5f}F . nfOgdf a;]sf s]xL dflg;n] kfgL yfKg gkfpFb} wf/f ;'ls;S5 . :ki6 ¿kdf eGg] xf] eg], kfgL clwsf/k|ltsf] dfGotf xfdLnfO{ rflxPsf] 5 .

d]/f] ljrf/df k]K;Lsf] of] lgs} /fd|f] kxn xf] . kfgL pkof]usf ;Gbe{df cGo Joj;foLx¿nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg pgLx¿sf nflu of] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf] . y'k|} dflg; kfgL;DaGwL d'2faf/] ;r]t 5g\ t/ o;af/] sltn] sfd u/]sf 5g\ < k]K;Ln] u/]sf] 5 / of] Pp6f ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g xf] . hn;|f]t Joj:yfkgsf ;Gbe{df lk|o a|f08n] k|bz{g u/]sf] lhDd]jf/Lkgfn] ljZjel/sf c;ª\Vo k]K;L k|]dLx¿nfO{ ;f]Rg / cfkm}n] s]xL ug{ pTk|]l/t ug{]5 .

t/ k]K;Lsf] cfkm' PSn}n] dfq kfgL ;d:ofsf ;Gbe{df s]xL ug{ ;Sb}g . ;/sf/ klg o;df ;+nUg x'g'k5{ . kfgL pkef]udf lhDd]jf/ x'g k|lta4 pBf]ux¿nfO{ ;/sf/x¿n] k|jw{g ug'{kb{5 . o;/L cGo Joj;foLx¿n] klg k5\ofpg]5g\ / lbuf] hn;|f]t Joj:yfkgsf nflu /fi6«JofkL cleofg cl:tTjdf cfpg]5 .

clg km]l/ gLltx¿ tof/ u/]/ dfq s]xL x'g] 5}g . gLltx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ul/g'kb{5 . sDkgLx¿df kfgLsf] k|of]unfO{ cg'udg ug{] ;zQm tyf ljZj;gLo lgodg lgsfox¿ klg x'g'k5{ .

To;}n] xfdLn] k]K;Lsf] k|of;nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{kb{5 / o;af6 c?n] l;Sg'kb{5 / ;f]xL cg';f/ sfd ug'{kb{5 . cGoyf kfgL ;'s]kl5 xfdLn] k]K;L lkpg yfNg'kg{]5 .

cf}/f]gL km\ofG;f aËnfb]zsf ;b:o lbzf/Lsf cf}/f]gL km\ofG;f aËnfb]zsf ;b:o lbzf/Lsf nfaf]gL zagdsL 5f]/L x'g'x'G5 . nfaf]gL zagdsL 5f]/L x'g'x'G5 .

k]K;L / kfgL clwsf/ – Ps j}rfl/s cleJolQm

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;g\ @))( sf] l8;]Da/df b'O{ ;ftfeGbf a9L ;do;Dd !(# /fi6«sf] ;+nUgtfdf ePsf] si6s/ 5nkmn ljZjs} ;a}eGbf ;+j]bgzLn cfjZostfsf ¿kdf /x]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL dxTjfsfª\IfL Pj+ sfg'gL ¿kdf afWosf/L ;lGwljgf 6'lËPsf] 5 . pQm ;Dd]ng hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf uDeL/ k|efjx¿ Go"gLs/0f ug{ cfjZos ;zQm ljifoj:t' gePsf] yk sdhf]/ / cafWosf/L /fhg}lts ;Demf}tf …sf]k]gx]ug ;Demf}tfÚsf ;fy cGTo eof] .

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ælgM;Gb]x ¿kdf sf]k]gx]ug c;kmn eof]Æ, pQm ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL km\ofG;f ;b:o tyf >Ln°fl:yt jftfj/0fLo Gofo s]Gb|sf sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs x]dGy ljyfgfu]n] eGg'eof], æGofo ePg . sfdnfO{ l9nf] kf/]/ wgL /fi6«x¿n] ljZjsf nfvf}F clt ul/a dflg;x¿nfO{ ef]s, kL8f tyf hLjg Iflttkm{ 9s]n]sf 5g\ .Æ

;Dd]ngsf] clGtd b:tfj]hdf kfgLnfO{ pNn]v u/fpg s8f bafa lbFb} sf]k]gx]ugtkm{sf] ofqfdf kfgLsf] x}l;otnfO{ a9fpg] k|of;sf] g]t[Tj ljZjJofkL ;fj{hlgs kfgL ;~hfn -hLkLkLPg_n] ul//x]sf] lyof] . pgLx¿n] /fd|f] k|ult u/]sf 5g\ / hn;|f]t Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'sf] dxTj tyf /fli6«o Pj+ :yfgLo txdf cg's'ngsf] sfof{Gjog Pj+ cg'udg ug{df gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿n] lgjf{x ug{;Sg] e'ldsfnfO{ dfGotf k|bfg ub{} s]xL ;zQm ;fdu|Lx¿ tof/ ul/Psf 5g\ .

h] eP klg, s]xL 5flgPsf /fi6«x¿åf/f k|:tfljt ;dfwfg nfb\gsf nflu ul/sf] k|of;sf sf/0f clGtd ;dodf ax'kIfLo k|lqmof cf]em]ndf k/]sf] lyof] . b[Zo ¿kdf clGtd ;Demf}tfdf 5nkmnsf s'g} klg ljifoj:t' cfPgg\ . ljBdfg ljj/0fdf sfdnfO{ hf/L /fVg] clwsf/ 5nkmnstf{x¿;Fu ePsf]n] lj:t[t ljj/0fdf ul/Psf] sfd x/fpg] 5}g eGg] cfzf ug{] 7fpF eg] afFsL g} 5 .

Jofjxfl/s, Gofok"0f{ tyf lgikIf hnjfo' ;dfwfg ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu o; jif{ hd{gL / d]lS;sf]df x'g] jftf{sf] csf{] r/0fdf kfgL tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ k+|fyldstfdf /fVg ljZjel/sf ;/sf/x¿dfly kfgL ;d'bfon] bafa a9fpg'kg{] s'/f :ki6 5 .

yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu ljZjJofkL ;fj{hlgs kfgL ;~hfn -hLkLkLPg_sf] j]a;fO6 http://gppn.stakeholderforum.org

hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo ;+/rgf dxf;lGw -o'PgPkm;L;L;L_;DaGwL yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu http://unfccc.int df hfg'xf]nf .

x]dGysf] Anu http://hemanthawithanage.blogspot.com/ k9\g'xf]nf .

;g\ @)!) gf]e]Da/ @( – l8;]Da/ !) cle;lGwnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpgsf nflu gofF nIo .

@))%!(&@ @))& @))( @)!)

;g\ !((@ h'g !$ jfo'd08ndf xl/t\u[x Uof;sf] pkl:yltnfO{ l:y/ kfg{sf nflu k[YjL lbj;sf cj;/df hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo ;+/rgf dxf;lGw -o"PgPkm;L;L;L_ cl:tTjdf NofOof] .

;g\ @))% km]a|'c/L ;xdltsf] ;ft jif{kl5 Sof]6f] cle;lGw nfu' eof] .

;g\ @))& l8;]Da/ Sof]6f] cle;lGwsf] Dofb ;g\ @)!@ df ;dfKt ePkl5 hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu h'em\gsf nflu hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL afnL lzv/ ;Dd]ng gofF kxn ug{ ;xdt eof] .

;g\ @))( h'g !–!@ af]gdf ePsf] jftf{df gofF ljj/0fsf] d;f}bfdf klxnf] 5nkmn eof] . bL3{sfnLg ;xof]ufTds sfo{;DaGwL tby{ sfo{;ldlt -P8An'hL Pn;LP_sf] a}7sdf km\ofgsf ;~rf/ Joj:yfks s]l/8\j]g hf]g;g ;xefuL x'g'eof] .

;g\ @))( gf]e]Da/ # af;{]nf]gfdf eO/x]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL a}7s;Fu;Fu} cfof]hgf ul/Psf] Ps csf{] sfo{qmd …kfgL lbj;Údf Ujf6]dfnf, aËnfb]z / o'uf08fsf k|ltlglwx¿sf ;fy km\ofgn] ;xeflutf hgfof] .

;g\ @))( l8;]Da/ & – !* hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL sfg'gL ¿kdf afWosf/L ;lGw ljgf g} ;Dd]ng ;DkGg .

^

REVIEW AND PLANNING n];f]yf]sf] df;]?df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] PGo"sf] bf];|f] ;fwf/0f;efdf PGo" ;~rfns ;ldltsf gjlgjf{lrt lgb{]zsx¿nfO{ cf}krfl/s ¿kdf n];f]yf]sf] df;]?df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] PGo"sf] bf];|f] ;fwf/0f;efdf PGo" ;~rfns ;ldltsf gjlgjf{lrt lgb{]zsx¿nfO{ cf}krfl/s ¿kdf cg'df]bg ul/Psf] 5 . ;~rfns ;ldltsf k|To]s ;b:ox¿;Fu ePsf o; If]qsf ;Lk tyf cg'ejx¿af6 ;~hfn kSs} klg nfeflGjt x'g] cg'df]bg ul/Psf] 5 . ;~rfns ;ldltsf k|To]s ;b:ox¿;Fu ePsf o; If]qsf ;Lk tyf cg'ejx¿af6 ;~hfn kSs} klg nfeflGjt x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

cS6f]a/df ;DkGg pQm a}7sdf clk|msfel/sf $) j6f /fi6«x¿sf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL lj1x¿sf ;fy} PGo"sf () hgfeGbf a9L ;b:ox¿ tyf ;~hfnsf ljZjJofkL ;fem]bf/x¿ km\ofg, jf6/P8 Pj+ kfgL ul/aL cGTo u/f}Fsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

a}7ssf] klxnf] b'O{ lbg ;b:ox¿af6 cfkmgf cg'ej k|:t't u/fP/ tyf pgLx¿nfO{ dxTjk"0f{ ljifoj:t'x¿;DaGwL 5nkmndf ;xefuL u/fP/ PGo"sf pknlAwx¿sf] pT;j dgfpgdf s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . t];|f] lbg PGo"sf] gofF kfFr jif{] /0fg}lts of]hgfdf s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . ;b:ox¿n] ;f]xL sfo{qmddf pQm of]hgf kfl/t u/]sf lyP . PGo"sf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efaf/] yk hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{ tyf pQm a}7ssf tl:a/x¿ x]g{ PGo"sf] j]a;fO6 www.anewafrica.net df hfg'xf]nf .

ut gf]e]Da/df blIf0f clk|msfsf] hf]xfg];au{df cfof]hgf ul/psf] clk|msL kfgL ;Ktfx d~rdf PGo" ;xefuL eof] . ;Dk"0f{ If]qsf ut gf]e]Da/df blIf0f clk|msfsf] hf]xfg];au{df cfof]hgf ul/psf] clk|msL kfgL ;Ktfx d~rdf PGo" ;xefuL eof] . ;Dk"0f{ If]qsf @% hgf k|ltlglwx¿ pQm sfo{qmddf ;l/s ePsf lyP . @% hgf k|ltlglwx¿ pQm sfo{qmddf ;l/s ePsf lyP .

clwsf+z sl7g sfo{x¿ sfo{qmd yflng'eGbf lgs} cl3 g} PGo"åf/f cfof]lht gful/s ;dfh k/fdz{sf/L a}7ssf qmdd} ;DkGg eO;s]sf lyP .

De'nf sf]ifåf/f Joj:yfkg ;xof]u pknAw u/fOPsf] gful/s ;dfh a}7sdf ;xefuL gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿n] kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf] If]qdf ;/sf/x¿åf/f xfl;n ul/Psf k|ultsf] ;dLIff ug'{sf ;fy} bf];|f] clk|msL kfgL ;Ktfxsf qmddf ;lqmotfsf nflu cfXjfg ul/g'kg{] ljifoj:t'x¿ klxrfg u/]sf lyP .

gLltx¿, cEof;x¿ tyf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ k|efljt ug{df gful/s ;+nUgsf nflu cj;/x¿ l;h{gf ug{] cfkm\gf k|lta4tfnfO{ gful/s ;dfh ;b:ox¿ k'gM k|:t't u/] . kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{] p2]Zosf ;~rfng ul/Psf sfo{qmdx¿ / pQm nIo xfl;n ug{] k|lta4tf;DaGwdf ;/sf/sf k|ultsf] ko{j]If0f ug{] k|lta4tf klg pgLx¿n] JoQm u/] .

kfgL ;Ktfxsf] k|d'v ;Dd]ngdf PGo"n] kfgL / ;/;kmfO;DaGwL cfkmgf k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ / of]hgf th'{df, lg0f{o k|lqmof / cg'udg sfo{df gful/s ;+nUgtfnfO{ ;zQm agfpg ;/sf/x¿ tyf bft[ ;+:yfx¿nfO{ cfXjfg ub{} Ps jQmJo hf/L u/]sf] lyof] .

kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL clk|msL gful/s ;dfh ;~hfn -PGo'_

PGo'sf] ;fwf/0f;ef M ;g\ @))( sf] Ps hLjGt sfo{qmd

bf];|f] clk|msL kfgL ;Ktfx M gful/s ;dfhåf/f ;lqmotfsf] dfu ⁄

PGo ' ;~rfns ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿• k|f= P8jf8{ sfO? – cWoIfk|f= P8jf8{ sfO? – cWoIf edward.kairu@majinaufanisi.org• dWo clk|msf dWo clk|msf • afy]dL{ T;fkmfs tfUgL bathermy@yahoo.fr • ªf]df PG6]n ld/]On] mireille_antel@yahoo.fr•• k"jL{ clk|msL If]qk"jL{ clk|msL If]q • 8f= sf]S; df;]; ;]Dk]Ajf – sf]iffWoIf grassland@

mtninternet.co.ug • GofGhf]a] dflndL xfld;L nyanzobem@yahoo.co.uk• pQ/ clk|msL If]qpQ/ clk|msL If]q • O:;fd cf8\nL gf8f – pkfWoIf e.nada@aoye.org • kmfTdf h]/f]cf6L samahamira@hotmail.com•• blIf0fL clk|msL If]qblIf0fL clk|msL If]q • km]lnS; df]Gu] ceo@kcs.org.bw • v'Da'lhn] h'df khumbu@mvula.co.za• • klZrdL clk|msL If]qklZrdL clk|msL If]q • dflns ufo] endarup@yahoo.fr • Kofl6«s cfkf]of patrickapoya@yahoo.com

PGo"sf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efdf ;xefuL k|ltlglwx¿

af]lgkmf;] lDaxfs

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o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf] kfgL ;'ljwf sfo{qmdsf] bf];|f] jif{af6 PGo'sf nflu pT;fxj4{s of]hgfx¿sf] kmn k|fKt

PGo'sf nflu pT;fxj4{s of]hgfx¿

kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO If]qdf clk|msL gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿sf] k}/jL kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO If]qdf clk|msL gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿sf] k}/jL Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ ug{] p2]Zoo'Qm o'/f]k]nL ;‹ kfgL ;'ljwf -O{o'8An'Pkm_af6 Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ ug{] p2]Zoo'Qm o'/f]k]nL ;‹ kfgL ;'ljwf -O{o'8An'Pkm_af6 cfly{s ;xof]u k|fKt PGo'sf] sfo{qmd t];|f] jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 .cfly{s ;xof]u k|fKt PGo'sf] sfo{qmd t];|f] jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 .

k|f/lDes cj:yfdf o; kl/of]hgf sd{rf/Lx¿ egf{ u/]/ tyf sfof{nox¿ tof/ u/]/ PGo'sf] ;+/rgfnfO{ ;'b[o agfpg] sfo{df s]lGb|t eof] . o;sf] z'ef/Dekl5 PGo'sf] z'?sf lqmofsnfkx¿dWo] Pp6f clk|msL gful/s ;dfhsf] k}/jLdf ;+nUg x'g] Ifdtfsf] d'Nof°g ug'{ /x]sf] lyof] . o; sfo{af6 tof/ ul/Psf] k|ltj]bgn] sdhf]/Lx¿ klxrfg u¥of] / Pp6f …k|lzIfs k|lzIf0fÚ sfo{qmd tof/ ul/of] .

jf:tjdf o; sfo{qmdsf] z'ef/De ;g\ @))( sf] h'nfO{df g}/f]aLdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] dxfb]zLo k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f sfo{zfnfn] u/]sf] lyof] . o; sfo{zfnfsf ;xefuLx¿n] kl5 PGo'sf cGo ;b:ox¿sf nflu If]qLo tyf /fli6«o :t/sf k}/jL k|lzIf0fx¿ ;~rfng u/]/ cfkm\gf l;sfOx¿ afF8]sf lyP . o; jif{ kl/of]hgfn] ;d]6]sf ;Dk"0f{ !& j6f /fi6«sf :yfgLo :t/sf ;~hfnx¿nfO{ k|lzlIft ;b:ox¿n] cfkm\gf 1fg afF8\g] sfo{qmd /x]sf]n] o; jif{ pk–/fli6«o :t/df cem a9L sfo{qmdx¿ x'g nfu]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ PGo'sf cem a9L ;b:ox¿ k}/jL /0fgLltx¿ tof/ ug{df tyf /fli6«o :t/sf gLlt lgdf{0f sfo{df ;xefuL x'g'sf ;fy} If]qLo Pj+ dxfb]zLo sfo{;'rLx¿nfO{ k|efljt kfg{df ;+nUg x'g]5g\ eGg] cfzf xfdLn] u/]sf 5f}F .

æk}/jL k|lzIf0f gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿sf nflu dxfg kxn xf] / d klZrd clk|msfsf d]/f ;xsdL{x¿nfO{ k|lzIf0f lbg hfgsf nflu tof/ 5'Æ, a'ls{gf kmf;f]sf ofs'af q]cf]/]n] eGg'eof] .

1fgsf] yk ljt/0fnfO{ ;3fpg PGo'n] Pp6f k|lzIf0f lgb{]lzsf tof/ u/]sf] 5 . of] lgb{]lzsfdf ;xh kx'Fr ljsf; ug{sf nflu o;nfO{ y'k|} efiffdf cg'jfb ul/g]5 . /fli6«o :t/df k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{sf nflu lsGofjf{08f efiffdf o; lgb{]lzsfnfO{ cg'jfb u/fpg ?jf08fsf ;b:ox¿af6 cg'/f]w cfPkl5 of] kxn ul/Psf] xf] .

O{o'8An'Pkm sfo{qmd ;g\ @)!) sf] cS6f]a/df ;dfKt x'g]5 t/ o; kl/of]hgfsf] ldlxg]tk"0f{ sfo{sf] kl/0ffd :yfgLo :t/df o;sf] dxTj k|dfl0ft x'g] u/L yk ;zQm clk|msL gful/s ;dfh ;~hfnsf ¿kdf b]lvg]5 . o; dxTjk"0f{ sfo{sf] lg/Gt/tfsf nflu gofF tyf ljBdfg ;fem]bf/x¿sf] ;xof]usf] ck]Iff xfdL ul//x]sf 5f}F .

k|lzIf0fdf ;xefuL x'g of]Uo tyf OR5's ;b:ox¿nfO{ cfkm\gf If]qLo ;+of]hsx¿ jf /fli6«o ;Dks{ laGb'nfO{ ;Dks{ ug{ cg'/f]w 5 .

PGo'sf efjL k|fyldstfx¿ lgwf{/0f ug{] kfFr jif{] /0fg}lts of]hgf PGo'sf efjL k|fyldstfx¿ lgwf{/0f ug{] kfFr jif{] /0fg}lts of]hgf uxg k/fdz{kl5 nfu' ul/Psf] 5 . uxg k/fdz{kl5 nfu' ul/Psf] 5 .

o;sf sfo{x¿ kfFr j6f d'Vo If]qx¿df s]lGb|t x'g]5g\ M

k}/jL dxTjk"0f{ kfgL gLlt th'{df tyf sfof{GjognfO{ tLj| kfg{] sfo{df ;/sf/x¿ tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿dfly k|efj kfg{sf nflu gful/s ;dfhsf] ;dGjo ug{df ljZj, dxfb]z tyf If]q :t/Lo k}/jL /0fgLlt s]lGb|t x'g]5 . PGo'n] clk|msf tyf ljZjJofkL lg0f{o k|lqmofdf kfgL, ;/;kmfO tyf PsLs[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkgsf] dxTjnfO{ k|jw{g klg ug{]5 .

1fg ljsf; tyf ;Dk|]if0fk|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;+nUg x'gsf nflu cfjZos 1fg gful/s ;dfhdf x'g' dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . PGo'n] 1fg ljsf; tyf Joj:yfkg /0fgLlt tof/ ug{]5 . ;~hfnn] cg';Gwfg, ;jf{]Ts[i6 cEof;x¿sf] clen]vgnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{]5 / hfgsf/L ;°ng ;+oGq :yfkgf ug{]5 . o;n] ubf{ :yfgLo, /fli6«o tyf If]qLo :t/af6 cg'ejx¿ ;°ng ug{ ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;xh x'g]5 .

;~hfn ;[b[9Ls/0fPGo'n] ;xsfo{ ;+oGq tof/ ug'{sf ;fy} To;nfO{ ;[b[9 kfg{]5 . o;sf] dfWodaf6 clk|msL gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿n] kfgL, ;/;kmfO, PsLs[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg gLlt / cEof;dfly k|efj kfg{ ;Sg]5g\ . PGo'n] cfkm\gf sfo{qmd tyf zf;g Joj:yf ;b:ox¿sf] ;xeflutfsf nflu ;+oGq ;[b[9 kfg{]5, yk k|ltlglwd'ns ;+/rgf tof/ ug{]5 / /0fg}lts ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fusf] ;xeflutf Pj+ u7aGwgnfO{ a9fpg'sf ;fy} ;[b[9 kfg{]5 .

;~rf/PGo'n] 1fg afF8r'F8 Pj+ ;+jfb ;+oGqnfO{ ;[b[9 kfg{]5 . oL ;+oGqx¿n] kfgL, ;/;kmfO, PsLs[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg gLltdf k|efj kfg{ gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ;3fpg]5 eg] cfkm\gf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL clwsf/sf nflu dfu ug{ k|fKt ug{ clk|msfsf hgtfnfO{ kl/rfng ug{ ;3fpg]5 .

sf]Nn

Lg af};

fg]

PGo'sf ;b:o s]Gof :jf:Yosf nflu kfgL ;Ë7g -Sjfxf]_sf Plnhfj]y jfd]/f k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f sfo{zfnfdf .

*

kfgL / hnjfo' kl/jt{g 5nkmn – Nofl6g cd]l/sL kl/k|]If ;~hfn;DaGwL cBfjlws hfgsf/L

;~hfn;DaGwL cWofjlws hfgsf/La|fl;lnof / af]uf]6fdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;~hfn ljsf; sfo{zfnfx¿kl5 ;~hfnnfO{ :yfgLo ¿kdf ;zQm kfg{ tyf km\ofgf;sf] sfo{of]hgfaf/] 5nkmn ug{ km]a|'c/Lsf] cGTolt/ k]?df t];|f] If]qLo a}7s cfof]hgf ul/Fb}5 . a|fl;lnof a}7s;DaGwL k|ltj]bg km\ofgf;sf] j]a;fO6 www.freshwateraction.net/FANAS df pknAw 5 / af]uf]6f a}7s;DaGwL k|ltj]bg klg l5§} g} /flvFb}5 . km\ofgf;sf] j]a;fO6nfO{ cBfjlws agfOPsf] 5 / clxn] of] :k]lgz, kf]t'{luh / cª\u|]hL efiffdf pknAw 5 . ;b:o ;+:yfx¿sf lqmofsnfk;DaGwL cBfjlws hfgsf/L j]a;fO6df /fVgsf nflu ;DalGwt hfgsf/Lx¿ pknAw u/fOlbg'x'g km\ofgf;sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ cg'/f]w 5 . hfgsf/Lx¿ of]cfgf a]h]/fnfO{ df O{–d]n ug'{xf]nf .

km\ofgf;n] gofF k|tLs -nf]uf]_ tof/ ub{}5 . To;nfO{ km]a|'c/Lsf] klxnf] ;ftflt/ j]a;fO6df /flvFb}5, s[kof x]g'{xf]nf .

lxdv08 tLj|tfsf ;fy klUn/x]sf] :yfgsf] glhs}sf] If]q dfr' lkr'lt/ hfg] k|Voft af6f]

blIf0f cd]l/sfdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g / kfgLhnjfo' kl/jt{gn] k|lts'n df};dnfO{ ;fdfGo agfpg]5 . blIf0f cd]l/sfdf pRr ljZj pi0fLs/0fsf ;fy} yk cfj[lQdf cfpg] Pn lggf]sf sf/0f v8]/Ldf j[l4 x'g]5 eg] P08]hdf lxdv08 klUnP/ kxf8L ;d'bfox¿sf] efjL kfgL cfk"lt{ ;°6df kg{]5 .

o; If]qdf ;g\ @))( el/ g} k|lts'n df};d b]lvof] . dWo cd]l/sfnfO{ cfFwLa]x/Ln] ;tfof] eg] sf]nlDaofn] d';nwf/] jiff{ / klx/f]sf] ;fdgf ug'{k¥of] . o;}u/L dWo ch{]lG6gf ljz]if ¿kdf uDeL/ v8]/L ef]Ug'k¥of] .

æNofl6g cd]l/sfsf] pRr If]qsf ;fy} t6jtL{o If]qdf klg tfltFbf] hnjfo'sf lrGxx¿ b]vfkg{ yfln;s]sf 5g\Æ, km\ofgf;sf If]qLo ;+of]hs hd{g /f]rfn] atfpg'eof], æhnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;jf{lws b[Zo k|efjx¿ P08]hsf] kfl/l:ysLo k|0ffnLsf] ljgfz x'g;S5 . ToxfFsf] lxdv08 klUn/x]sf sf/0f kxf8L ;d'bfox¿sf] efjL kfgL cfk"lt{ ;°6df kb{}5 . o;sf cltl/Qm, uNkm ckm d]lS;sf]sf] d'uf / t6jtL{o If]qsf] ljgfz s]xL ;dosf nflu lrGtfsf] sf/0f ag]sf 5g\ . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ljgfzsf/L k|efj;Fu h'em\gsf nflu cy{k"0f{ sbd l5§} g} rfNg'kb{5 .Æ

k|m]zjf6/ PSzg g]6js{ – blIf0f cd]l/sf -km\ofgf;_

km\ofgf; ;b:ox¿sf nflu hnjfo' km\ofgf; ;b:ox¿sf nflu hnjfo' kl/jt{g dxf;lGwsf kIf /fi6«x¿sf] !% cf}+ kl/jt{g dxf;lGwsf kIf /fi6«x¿sf] !% cf}+ ;Dd]ng jif{s} ;a}eGbf k|tLlIft sfo{qmd ;Dd]ng jif{s} ;a}eGbf k|tLlIft sfo{qmd lyof] . lyof] .

o;sf] pknlAwsf ¿kdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf gsf/fTds k|efjaf6 ;jf{lws kLl8t x'g] ljZjsf ul/ax¿sf nflu :jR5 ;xdlt cfpg] tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu h'em\g] qmddf kfgL;DaGwL d'2fdfly b[li6 lbOg'sf] dxTjnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/g] 7'nf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] lyof] . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ tyf p?Uj] / af]lnleofnufot s]xL /fi6«n] a}7ssf] b'O{ ;ftfel/ g} kfgL h:tf ;DalGwt d'2fx¿;DaGwL 5nkmnnfO{ ;dfj]z u/fpg] sfo{;'rLnfO{ p7fpg k|of; u/] t/ b'Mvsf] s'/f – pgLx¿ ;kmn x'g ;s]gg\ . d'Votof sfa{g Jofkf/df s]lGb|t 5nkmn ePsf] cf}krfl/s a}7sdf kfgL;DaGwL s'/f yf]/} dfq eof] .

af;{]nf]gfdf ;DkGg kfgL lbj; -x]g'{xf];\, k[i7 $_sf ;fy} sf]k]gx]ugsf ;Gbe{df ePsf sfo{qmdx¿df cfkmgf /fli6«o g]tfx¿;dIf lgs} ldlxg]tk"j{s bafa lbFb} cfPsf km\ofgsf ;b:ox¿sf nflu of] lgs} 7'nf] lg/fzfhgs s'/f lyof] .

cflwsfl/s ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo ;Dd]ngsf] d'Vo sfo{qmdsf] ;dfgfGt/ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm ;Dd]ngsf] ljZjJofkL gful/s ;dfh ;dsIfL lSndfkmf]/ddf eg] kfgL;DaGwL k|z:t 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . ljZjsf ;Dk"0f{ s'gfsf gful/s ;d"xx¿ / ;fdflhs cfGbf]ngx¿sf cfzf, ljrf/ tyf b"/b[li6 JoQm u/L toff/ ul/Psf] ljZj hnjfo' 3f]if0ffkqdf sl/a kfFr ;o j6f ;+:yfx¿ tyf c;ª\Vo JolQmx¿n] x:tfIf/ u/] .

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dWo cd]l/sfdf km\ofGsfsf] sfdn] ulx/fO / ;zQmtf xfl;n dWo cd]l/sfdf km\ofGsfsf] sfdn] ulx/fO / ;zQmtf xfl;n ub{}5 . Ps} k6sdf olt w]/} lqmofsnfkdf of] ;~hfn slxNo} ub{}5 . Ps} k6sdf olt w]/} lqmofsnfkdf of] ;~hfn slxNo} ;+nUg ePsf] lyPg . pRrtd txsf] lg0f{o k|lqmofdfly k|efj ;+nUg ePsf] lyPg . pRrtd txsf] lg0f{o k|lqmofdfly k|efj kfg{sf nflu /fli6«o Pj+ If]qLo sfo{zfnfx¿sf] cfof]hgfb]lv lnP/ kfg{sf nflu /fli6«o Pj+ If]qLo sfo{zfnfx¿sf] cfof]hgfb]lv lnP/ km\ofGsfn] cfkm'nfO{ dWo cd]l/sfdf kfgL Joj:yfkg;DaGwL d'2fsf km\ofGsfn] cfkm'nfO{ dWo cd]l/sfdf kfgL Joj:yfkg;DaGwL d'2fsf ;Gbe{df gful/s ;dfhsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ cfjfhsf ¿kdf :yflkt ;Gbe{df gful/s ;dfhsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ cfjfhsf ¿kdf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 .u/]sf] 5 .

;Dk"0f{ /fi6«x¿df cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt hgfO/x]sf] ;~hfndf 8LPkmcfO{8Lsf] zf;g Joj:yf tyf kf/blz{tf sf]ifsf] ;+:yfut ;xof]usf ;fy} 8LPkmcfO{8Lsf] /0fg}lts cg'bfg tyf jf6/P8sf] ;xof]usf] kl/0ffd :ki6 ¿kdf b]lvG5 .

dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw s]xLsf ¿kdf ;d'bfox¿nfO{ nfeflGjt ug{] k|:tfljt sfg'g kfl/t x'g' tyf kfl/t x'g] k|lqmofdf /x]sf] cGo lj2]osx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . km\ofGsfsf] ;xof]uaf6 ;fd'bflos kfgL cfk"lt{ k|0ffnL;DaGwL dxf;‹x¿ tyf ;‹x¿ klg ;zQmLs[t / ;Ël7t ePsf 5g\ eg] kfgL ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ k|lzlIft ePsf 5g\ tyf /fli6«o Pj+ If]qLo gLltx¿df ;fd'bflos kfgL Joj:yfkgsf l;4fGtx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf sf/0f logLx¿sf] b[Zotfdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 .

xfn}sf dlxgfx¿df km\ofGsfsf ;b:ox¿ ;+nUg ePsf s]xL lqmofsnfkx¿;DaGwL yk hfgsf/L tn lbOPsf 5g\ .

zf;g Joj:yf tyf kf/blz{tf sf]if kl/of]hgfsf] bf];|f] If]qLo a}7s dWo cd]l/sfdf gf]e]Da/df cfof]hgf ul/of] . pQm a}7ssf qmddf ;b:o ;+:yfx¿n] cfkm\gf /fi6«x¿df u/]sf sfo{x¿sf ;fy} kl/of]hgfsf] klxnf] jif{df l;s]sf kf7x¿;DaGwL hfgsf/L cfbfgk|bfg ug{ kfPsf lyP .

kl/of]hgfsf] ;sf/fTds kIfx¿dWo] s]xLsf ¿kdf km\ofGsfsf] sfo{nfO{ ;zQm kfg{sf nflu pknAw u/fOPsf] ;xof]u / kl/of]hgfsf lqmofsnfkx¿sf dfWodaf6 ;~hfnsf ;b:ox¿ Ps} :yfgdf cfO{ ;+o'Qm zlQm aGg ;Ifd x'gsf nflu o;n] pknAw u/fPsf] cj;/ /x]sf 5g\ .

cS6f]a/b]lv l8;]Da/sf] cjlwdf km\ofGsf, PnfoG; km/ jf6/ tyf kfgL ;ldltsf] ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu sfd ug{] cfof]u sf]kmf];f{n] Pzf]l;ofl;of]F k|f] 8;f/f]Nnf] Osf]lNhof -cfK8]_sf] ;xof]u tyf cfO{o';LPg / PnfoG; km/ jf6/sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf sf]:6fl/sfdf kfFr j6f If]qLo a}7sx¿ / Pp6f /fli6«o e]nfsf] ;dGjo u/] .

tL a}7sx¿df ;fd'bflos kfgL Joj:yfkg ;d'xx¿sf b'O{ ;o ;xefuL tyf gx/ Joj:yfkg ;d'xx¿sf sl/a ##% ;xefuLx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . :yfgLo lg0f{ostf{x¿sf ;fydf pgLx¿n] ;fd'bflos gx/;DaGwL ljw]osx¿sf ;fy} sf]kmf];f{åf/f k|:t't k|:tfjx¿;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/] . ljw]osnfO{ kfl/t u/fpg] k|of;df pgLx¿sf] dxTjaf/] :yfgLo lg0f{ostf{x¿dfly k|efj kfg{] / ;Demfpg] ljrf/n] tL a}7sx¿ cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP .

cfkm\gf ;b:ox¿af6 ut jif{ ;DkGg sfdx¿;DaGwL hfgsf/L cfbfgk|bfg ug{sf nflu ;g\ @))( sf] cS6f]a/df Pn ;fNef8f]/l:yt cfGbf/sf] sfof{nodf km\ofGsf Pn ;fNef8f]/n] cfkm\gf] klxnf] e]nf cfof]hgf u¥of] .

pgLx¿n] kfgLdf kx'FrnfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf ¿kdf cGt//fli6«o dfGotf lbnfpg];Gbe{df sfof{Gjog ul/Psf k|lqmofx¿ / k|ultx¿ tyf dWo cd]l/sL ;Demf}tf ;‹ Pj+ Pn ;fNef8f]/sf hn;|f]t;DaGwL ljw]osx¿df o; cfwf/e't l;4fGtnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{] k|lqmof;DaGwdf ;dLIff klg u/]sf lyP .

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xf]08'/;df zf;g k4lt tyf kf/blz{tf sf]if -hL6LPkm_ kl/of]hgfsf] Ps sfo{qmdsf ¿kdf ;g\ @))( sf] cui6b]lv l8;]Da/;Dd ;ft j6f ;d'bfox¿df ;~rfng ul/Psf] bz j6f sfo{zfnfx¿df sl/a kfFr ;o hgf ;xefuLx¿n] efu lnP .

tL sfo{zfnfx¿df ;d'bfox¿nfO{ hL6LPkmsf lqmofsnfkx¿af/] hfgsf/L k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] / hL6LPkmsf] b'/b[li6, p2]Zo tyf lqmofsnfkx¿sf cfwf/df cfkm';Fu ;DalGwt k|lta4tfx¿ tof/ ug{ pgLx¿nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/Psf] lyof] . PsLs[t ljZj;gLotfsf nflu dfu ug{ tyf yk kf/bzL{ k|zf;g / yk k|efjsf/L zf;g k4lt;DaGwL k|lqmof ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf ljsf; klg ul/Psf] lyof] .

kfgL tyf l;FrfO ;ldltsf] ;b:ox¿sf] 1fg ;[b[9 ug{ tyf ;fd'bflos Pj+ ;/;kmfO k|0ffnL Joj:yfkg lgb{]lzsfdf ul/Psf] kl/dfh{gaf/] hfgsf/L lbg Pp6f /fli6«o a}7s Ujf6]dfnfsf] r]nft]gfËf]df cui6df cfof]hgf ul/of] .

cfu'cf 8]n k'PAnf] ;‹åf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm a}7sdf ljleGg gu/kflnsf tyf ljefux¿sf ^) j6f vfg]kfgL ;ldltx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

/fli6«o ;efsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf jftfj/0f cfof]un] kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;ldltx¿;DaGwL Ps ljz]if ljw]os;DaGwdf ul/Psf ko{j]If0fx¿sf] ;dLIffnfO{ ;g\ @))( sf] gf]e]Da/ @% df clGtd ¿k k|bfg u/L To;sf] cg'df]bgsf nflu sª\u|];df k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .

dd{t tyf lj:tf/sf ;fy} cGo sfo{sf nflu /fli6«o tyf cGt//fli6«o ljQLo ;+:yfx¿df j}wflgs ¿kdf cfj]bg ug{ kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;ldltx¿nfO{ ;Ifd agfpgsf nflu ltgLx¿nfO{ j}wflgs x}l;ot k|bfg ug{] p2]Zo pQm ljw]ossf] /x]sf] 5 .

SofK; /fli6«o ;~hfnnfO{ ub{} cfPsf] ;xof]usf] Ps c+zsf ¿kdf lgsf/fu'cfl:yt km\ofGsfsf /fli6«o ;b:ox¿ pQm ljw]osnfO{ rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] kfl/t x'g] ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lqmotfk"j{s nflu/x]sf 5g\ .

km\ofGsfsf] If]qLo ;lrjfno ;~rfng ul/Psf] ;+:yf zx/L ljsf; k|lti7fg -km'8]p_ n] Pzf]l;o;g ckm 8]e]n]Kd]06 af/f{; 8]n sf]nf]/f8f] / km'8]paLrsf] ;Demf}tf cGtu{t PnfPG; km/ jf6/af6 k|fKt cfly{s ;xof]udf pQ/L af/f{; 8]n sf]nf]/f8f]df kfgL k|zf]wg oGq :yfkgf ug{ nfu]sf] 5 .

em08} em08} kfFr jif{df Ps k6s k|zfGt dxf;fu/sf] pi0fk|b]zLo If]qdf b]vfkg{] Ps lsl;dsf] hnjfo' Pn lggf]sf sf/0f xf]08'/;sf] t]u'l;ufNkf / cGo zx/df uDeL/ v8]/L kg{] cg'dfg jftfj/0fLo clws[tx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ .

xf]08'/;sf] /fhwfgLdf kfgL cfk"lt{ ug{] b'O{ j6f afFw n; nfu/]n]; / nf sG;]lK;of]Fsf] Ifdtf clxn] cfwfdf eml/;s]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ ut jif{ gf]e]Da/b]lv g} t]u'l;ufNkfdf kfgLsf] s6f}tL z'? eO;s]sf] 5 . ToxfF ul/a ;d'bfox¿n] k|lt Ps ;o Uofng -#*) ln6/_ kfgLsf nflu !=!) cd]l/sL 8n/ ltg'{ kl//x]sf] 5 .

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Ps Ol~hlgo/, km\ofg d]S;sf ;b:o tyf ;fg hfleo/ vfgL Ps Ol~hlgo/, km\ofg d]S;sf ;b:o tyf ;fg hfleo/ vfgL kl/of]hgflj?4 ;‹if{ ul//x]sfx¿sf k|jQmf dfl/of] dfl6{g]h kl/of]hgflj?4 ;‹if{ ul//x]sfx¿sf k|jQmf dfl/of] dfl6{g]h hnk|b'if0flj?4 af]Ngsf nflu O:tfga'ndf ePsf] ljZj kfgL d~rdf hnk|b'if0flj?4 af]Ngsf nflu O:tfga'ndf ePsf] ljZj kfgL d~rdf ;xefuL x'g'ePsf] lyof] . dfl/of] vfgL kl/of]hgfx¿af6 k|efljt ;xefuL x'g'ePsf] lyof] . dfl/of] vfgL kl/of]hgfx¿af6 k|efljt ;d'bfox¿df uO{ pgLx¿nfO{ ;Nnfx lbg'sf ;fy} pgLx¿sf] ;‹if{df ;d'bfox¿df uO{ pgLx¿nfO{ ;Nnfx lbg'sf ;fy} pgLx¿sf] ;‹if{df ;3fpg] ug'{x'G5 . ;3fpg] ug'{x'G5 .

;fg hfleo/ vfgLsf] Oltxf;af/] s]xL atfOlbg'x'G5 ls < ;fg hfleo/ vfgLsf] Oltxf;af/] s]xL atfOlbg'x'G5 ls < xfdL ;fg k]8«f] zx/df a:b5f}F . o; zx/nfO{ o'g]:sf]n] ljZj ;Dkbf If]qsf ¿kdf 3f]if0ff ug{ nfu]sf] lyof] . ;fg k]8«f] kxf8sf] km]bLdf cjl:yt o; If]qdf ;'g vfgL e]l§Pkl5 To;sf] pTvgg ug{] p2]Zon] ;f]x«f}F ztfAbLdf :k]gjf;Lx¿n] o; zx/sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP . ToxfFsf] ;'g vfgL pTvgg ug{] sfo{n] aL;f}F ztfAbL;Dd klg /fd|/L g} lg/Gt/tf kfof] .

;g\ @))^ ;Dd klg ;fg k]8«f] zfGt zx/ lyof] / o;sf] k|d'v cfly{s ultljlw eg]sf] v]tL / s]xL dfqfdf ko{6g lyof] . xfn;fn} eg] Sofgf8]nL vlgh sDkgL d]6flnsf l/;f];{];n] kxf8 jl/kl/sf] @() x]S6/ If]qdf ;'g tyf rfFbL vfgL pTvgg ug{ yfn]sf] 5 .

hn;|f]tdf o;sf] s:tf] k|efj k/]sf] 5 <hn;|f]tdf o;sf] s:tf] k|efj k/]sf] 5 <vlgh pTvgg sfo{ cf7 jif{;Dd rNg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 / o;n] ubf{ ToxfF Ps lsnf]ld6/ rf}8f / @%) ld6/ ulx/f] vf8n aGg]5 . ;fg hfleP/ vfgL kl/of]hgf !% nfv hg;ª\Vof ePsf] /fhwfgL ;fg n'O; kf]6f];Laf6 sl/a !@ lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f cjl:yt 5 . o; a~h/ If]qsf] Ps dfq kfgL cfk"lt{ ;|f]t eg]sf] Pp6f e'ldut hnw/ If]q xf] / /fHosf] sl/a $) k|ltzt hg;ª\Vofsf nflu kfgL cfk"lt{ ul//x]sf] of] hn;|f]tsf] bf]xg clxNo} cTolws dfqfdf eO;s]sf] 5 .

of] hnw/ If]q vlgh lqmofsnfksf nflu klg dxTjk"0f{ 5 . jftfj/0fLo k|efj cWoogsf cg';f/ ;fg hfleP/ vfgLn] sl/a *) xhf/ 6g r§fg vGg k|To]s lbg @% 6g ljikmf]6s kbfy{ k|of]u ub{5 . o; k|lqmofaf6 k|fKt ePsf kbfy{dWo] sl/a $) k|ltztnfO{ !^ 6g ;f]l8od ;fOgfO8 / tLg s/f]8 @) nfv ln6/ kfgL ldnfP/ agfOPsf] 3'ngaf6 ;kmf ul/G5 . of] sfo{ cf7 jif{;Dd lg/Gt/ hf/L /xg]5 .

o; k|lqmofsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k lg:sg] t]hfao'Qm kfgLsf] ljgfzsf/L k|efj x'G5 lsgeg] pQm cDno'Qm kfgL ;txL kfgL x'Fb} tfn tyf gbLx¿df ldl;g hfG5 . o;n] ubf{ tL kfgLsf ;|f]tx¿ k|b'if0fsf] d'n ;|f]taf6 lgs} 6f9f /x] klg ltgLx¿ cDnLs[t x'G5g\ / k|b'lift x'G5g\ . cGTodf ;fg hfleo/ vfgL kl/of]hgfn] sl/a ;fOgfO8o'Qm !* s/f]8 6g r§fgnfO{ tL tTjx¿ / v'nf xfjfsf] lgufxfdf 5f]8\g]5 . ;fOgfO8nfO{ jfo'd08ndf km}lng @^& lbg nfUb5 / pQm cjlwdf o;n] ljiffQm kfgL / df6f] k|b'if0fsf dfWodaf6 k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf ¿kdf dflg;x¿sf] :jf:Yodfly k|efj kfb{5 .

tkfO{Fx¿n] cfkmgf] ;‹if{ tkfO{Fx¿n] cfkmgf] ;‹if{ yfln;Sg'ePsf] 5 < yfln;Sg'ePsf] 5 < sfg'gljb\x¿, sfg'g Joj;foLx¿, Oltxf;ljb\x¿ / j}1flgsx¿ /x]sf] Pp6f ;d'x u7g u/]/ xfdLn] xfd|f] ;‹if{ z'? u/]sf 5f}F . clxn];Dd xfdLn] ;a} sfg'gL o'4x¿ lht]sf 5f}F / s}of}F vfgL pTvgg;DaGwL cg'dltkqx¿ /2 u/fPsf 5f}F t/ k|To]s k6s d]6flnsf l/;f];{];nfO{ jftfj/0f ljefu -;]dfgf{6_n] gofF cg'dltkq lbg] u/]sf] 5 . lg0f{ox¿ 5Ngsf nflu pgLx¿n] s}of}F k6s cfkm\gf] gfddf ;d]t kl/jt{g u/]sf 5g\ / clxn] pgLx¿ Go" uf]N8 OGskf{]/]zgsf] gfdaf6 lrlgG5g\ .

kl5Nnf] cg'dltkq ;g\ @))^ df hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] / To;nfO{ klg cbfntn] ;g\ @))( df /2 ul/;s]sf] 5 . vfgLsf] sfd ;~rfng ug{ eg] /f]lsPsf] 5}g . af/Daf/ lhltPsf] sfg'gL o'4n] pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{af6 /f]Sg ;s]sf] 5}g .

d]lS;sf]df xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf k|To]s vfgL kl/of]hgfn] ul//x] h:t} To; vfgL sDkgLn] klg clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ e|i6 kf/]sf 5g\ eg] To;n] ;~rfng u/]sf] ;zQm ;~rf/ cleofgsf] ;fdgf klg xfdLn] ug'{ k/]sf] 5 . afdkGyL clwsf/Lx¿n] ;d]t Sofgf8]nL lxtdf cg'dltkq k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ – pbfx/0fsf nflu Nofl6g cd]l/sfsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] v'nf vf8n vlgh kl/of]hgf hfsft]sf;df ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . cf]ofhfsfdf @( j6f 7"nf vfgL kl/of]hgfnfO{ ueg{/n] ;3fO/x]sf] 5 .

xfdLn] k|efljtx¿nfO{ ;Ël7t agfpgsf nflu /]df -x]g'{xf];\, http://rema.codigosur.net_ h:tf ;~hfnx¿ lgdf{0f ub{}5f}F / hgtfnfO{ ;';'lrt ub{}5f}F . Psflt/ cg'dltkq hf/L ug{] t/ csf{]lt/ cbfntx¿åf/f sfg'gL ¿kdf hf/L ul/Psf b08 sfof{Gjog ug{ eg] c;kmn x'g] clwsf/Lx¿sf sf/0f eg] of] sfd r'gf}tLk"0f{ ag]sf] 5 .

cGt//fli6«o d~rx¿df kx'Fr ePsf] km\ofg h:tf] ;~hfnn] Nofl6g cd]l/sfdf tL sDkgLx¿sf sf/0f lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] e|i6frf/ / hn;|f]tsf] a[xb\ k|b'if0fk|lt dflg;x¿sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fcf];\ eGg] xfdLn] rflx/x]sf 5f}F .

Ps Ol~hlgo/, km\ofg d]S;sf ;b:o tyf ;fg hfleo/ vfgL kl/of]hgflj?4 ;‹if{ ul//x]sfx¿sf k|jQmf dfl/of] dfl6{g]h ;g\ @))( df O:tfga'ndf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ljZj kfgL d~rdf af]Nb} .

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kfgL a9\bf] ¿kdf cGt/;DalGwt d'2fsf ¿kdf cufl8 kfgL a9\bf] ¿kdf cGt/;DalGwt d'2fsf ¿kdf cufl8 cfO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df gjf}F ljZj a~h/ If]q ;Dd]ngdf km\ofg cfO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df gjf}F ljZj a~h/ If]q ;Dd]ngdf km\ofg d]S;sf ;b:ox¿ sfo{zfnf ;xhstf{, uf]nd]r a}7ssf ;xefuL d]S;sf ;b:ox¿ sfo{zfnf ;xhstf{, uf]nd]r a}7ssf ;xefuL tyf sfo{ ;d'xx¿ jf ;fdfGo >f]tfnufotsf ljleGg e'ldsf tyf sfo{ ;d'xx¿ jf ;fdfGo >f]tfnufotsf ljleGg e'ldsf lgjf{x ub{} ;xefuL eP .lgjf{x ub{} ;xefuL eP .

pQm sfo{qmdn] b'O{ j6f dxTjk"0f{ b:tfj]hx¿ tof/ u¥of] – d]l/bfsf] ;Gb]z / a~h/ If]q ;+/If0f;DaGwL klxnf] cGt//fli6«o ;Demf}tf . …d]l/bfsf] ;Gb]zÚ hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu h'‰gsf nflu a~h/ If]q tyf h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f;DaGwL PsLs[t /0fgLlt tof/ ug{sf nflu ;lqmotf ckgfpg ljZjJofkL ¿kdf ul/Psf] cfXjfg xf] . bf];|f] b:tfj]h cyf{t\ …a~h/ If]q ;+/If0f;DaGwL klxnf] cGt//fli6«o ;Demf}tfÚ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] / To;df d]lS;sf], Sofgf8f / cd]l/sfsf ;/sf/x¿n] x:tfIf/ u/]sf lyP .

jf:tljs kl/0ffd b]lvg afFsL g} eP klg ;xdlt ePsf s]xL lg0f{o dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ lsgeg] ltgLx¿n] d]lS;sf]sf] hn;|f]tdfly k|efj kfb{5g\ . lg0f{o !@ n] :jLsf/]sf] 5 – …d]lS;sf]sf] aLrdf cjl:yt hn ag If]q ;jf{]Rr k|fyldstfo'Qm a~h/ e'ld If]q xf] lsgeg] b'O{ s/f]8 dflg;x¿ o;sf] ;fwg;|f]tdf lge{/ 5g\ .Ú

pQm k|fyldstfo'Qm ;+/If0f If]qsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|j4{g u/L To;k|lt ;Ddfg ug{ ;‹Lo tyf /fHo lgsfox¿nfO{ pQm b:tfj]hn] l;kmfl/z ug'{sf ;fy} Ps /fhdfu{sf] lgdf{0fsf nflu lbOPsf] cg'dltnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{kg{] ljrf/ klg o;n] /fv]sf] 5 . o;n] k|To]s /fHosf] ;+ljwfgdf k|s[lt;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ d'nk|jfxLs/0f ug'{sf ;fy} ?v s6fg tyf k}bfjf/ gLltdf kl/dfh{g ug{ klg l;kmfl/z u/]sf] 5 .

jfON8 ( df k|:t't ul/Psf efif0fx¿df s]xL g s]xL dfqf b]lvPsf] …dflg;;Fusf] 8/Ú efNn] 8] a|]ef] a]l;g sf]ifsf lgb{]zs xf]/fl;of] af]glkmndf klg b]lvPsf] lyof] .

æhg;ª\Vof j[l4 / k|fs[lts ;fwg;|f]tsf] k|of]un] jftfj/0fLo ljgfzdf kSs} klg k|d'v e'ldsf lgjf{x ub{5 eg] tL If]qdf a;f]af; ug{] dflg;x¿sf ;fydf dfq} lbuf]kgf ;'lglZrt ug{] lbzfdf 7f]; sbd rfNg ;lsG5Æ, xf]/fl;of]n] eGg'eof], ædflg;x¿ ;d:ofsf] c+z x'g\ t/ pgLx¿ ;dfwfgsf] c+z klg x'g\ .Æ

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;g\ @))( sf] ;]K6]Da/ @$ b]lv @^ ;Dd u'P/{]/f]sf] lrNkflG;Ëf]df bf];|f] ;fd'bflos hn Joj:yfkg d~r cfof]hgf ul/of] .

pQm sfo{qmddf d]lS;sf]sf] ljleGg /fHosf ;fd'bflos kl/of]hgfx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿sf] pNn]Vo ;ª\Vofsf ;fy} sf]:tfl/sfsf kfgL pkef]Qmf ;d'bfox¿sf k|ltlglwx¿ Pj+ xfd|f km\ofGsf ;xsdL{ cfGb|]h df]/fsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

xfd|f ;|f]tx¿sf] /Iff ug{] qmddf åGåsf] ;fdgf s;/L ug{] eGg];DaGwL /fd|f cEof;x¿af/] xfd|f cg'ejx¿ afF8r'F8 ug{ kfOPsf] pQm sfo{qmd hn Joj:yfkg;DaGwL xfd|f] 1fg clej[l4 ug{sf nflu /fd|f] cj;/ ag]sf] lyof] .

/fi6«sf] ;/sf/n] hn Joj:yfkg tyf ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf pk]Iff ul//fv]sf] ;fdflhs k4lt;lxtsf] hnfwf/ tyf e'ldut hnw/ If]q Joj:yfkgdf ;fd'bflos hn Joj:yfkgnfO{ Ps dxTjk"0f{ ;]t'sf ¿kdf ;lDdlnt u/fpg k}/jL ul/Psf] Ps 3f]if0ffkq pQm sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] .

pQm 3f]if0ffkqsf] k"0f{ kf7 -:k]lgz efiffdf_sf nflu km\ofg d]S;sf] j]a;fO6 www.freshwateraction.net/FANMEX df hfg'xf]nf .

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;/;kmfO tyf ;'/lIft vfg]kfgLnfO{ cfwf/e't dfgj ;/;kmfO tyf ;'/lIft vfg]kfgLnfO{ cfwf/e't dfgj clwsf/sf ¿kdf dfGotf ug'{sf ;fy} If]qLo ;xsfo{nfO{ ;zQm clwsf/sf ¿kdf dfGotf ug'{sf ;fy} If]qLo ;xsfo{nfO{ ;zQm agfpg / :jtGq cg'udgnfO{ k|aw{g ug{sf nflu ;b:o /fi6«x¿nfO{ agfpg / :jtGq cg'udgnfO{ k|aw{g ug{sf nflu ;b:o /fi6«x¿nfO{ k|lta4 agfpFb} hf/L ul/Psf] kl5Nnf] blIf0f Pl;ofnL ;/;kmfO k|lta4 agfpFb} hf/L ul/Psf] kl5Nnf] blIf0f Pl;ofnL ;/;kmfO ;Dd]ng -;fsf];fg–#_sf] clGtd 3f]if0ffkq …lbNnL 3f]if0ffkqÚdf ;Dd]ng -;fsf];fg–#_sf] clGtd 3f]if0ffkq …lbNnL 3f]if0ffkqÚdf pNn]lvt k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ blIf0f Pl;ofnL ;/sf/x¿nfO{ pNn]lvt k|lta4tfx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ blIf0f Pl;ofnL ;/sf/x¿nfO{ bafa lbg] sfo{ km\ofG;fn] lg/Gt/ hf/L /fv]sf] 5 .bafa lbg] sfo{ km\ofG;fn] lg/Gt/ hf/L /fv]sf] 5 .

;g\ @))( sf] cui6df ePsf] cGt/–/fi6« sfo{ ;d'x -cfO{;L8An'hL_ sf] pb\3f6g a}7sdf ;xefuL x'g lgdGq0ff k|fKt ePsf]df km\ofG;f k|zGg ePsf] lyof] . cfO{;L8An'hLn] blIf0f Pl;ofdf ;/;kmfO lj:tf/;Gbe{df ePsf] k|ultaf/] cg'udg ug{ pRr:t/Lo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] e]63f6sf nflu :yfg pknAw u/fpFb5 . o; If]qdf hafkmb]xLtfsf] ;'wf/sf nflu kx/]bf/sf ¿kdf pgLx¿sf] e'ldsf /x]sf] dfGotf km\ofG;fsf] /x]sf] 5 . sfdx¿sf] ko{j]If0f ug{, k|ultsf] d'Nof'g ug{ / cj/f]wx¿ jf k|ult x'g g;s]sf If]qx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ tyf oL d'2fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu ;'emfjx¿ lbgsf nflu ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;xof]u hf/L /fVg] p2]Zo pgLx¿sf] /x]sf] 5 .

;fsf];fg–#df tof/ ul/Psf jQmJox¿nfO{ cg';/0f ug{ km\ofG;f k|lta4 5 . ut jif{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ul/Psf] gful/s ;dfh k"j{–a}7skl5 ;b:ox¿nfO{ 3f]if0ffkqaf/] ;r]t agfpgdf km\ofG;f ;lqmo /x]sf] 5 / To;nfO{ :yfgLo ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿df k'¥ofpgsf nflu km\ofG;fn] sltko :yfgLo efiffdf To;sf] cg'jfb klg u/]sf] 5 .

lbNnf 3f]if0ffkqsf] ;dLIffsf nflu cfof]hgf ul/Psf] /fli6«o :t/sf a}7sx¿sf] >[Înfkl5 ;g\ @))( sf] gf]e]Da/df >Ln°fdf a}7s cfof]hgf ug{];Gbe{df km\ofG;fn] 8An'P;P;;L;L, jf6/P8 / O{8An'kL;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]sf] lyof] . pQm a}7s ;fsf];fg–# ePsf] Ps jif{kl5 cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] / ;fsf];fg–#kl5 ePsf k|ultsf] ;dLIff ug{, k|d'v If]qut cj/f]wx¿ klxrfg ug{ / ;g\ @)!! sf] k]ma'c/Ldf >Ln°fdf x'g] rf}yf] ;Dd]ngnfO{ k|efljt ug{ gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿sf nflu efjL sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug]{ p2]Zon] To;

a}7sdf gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿sf k|d'v k|ltlglwx¿ ;xefuL ePsf lyP . >Ln°fnL ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0fsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ cg'/f]wx¿ tof/ ug{];Gbe{df ;fsf];fg–$ df gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿sf] yk cy{k"0f{ / ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] ;xefuLx¿n] 5nkmn u/]sf lyP .

ljutsf ;Dd]ngx¿sf cg'ejn] b]vfP cg';f/ ;a}eGbf a9L k|efj l;h{gf ug{] sfd eg]sf] tof/L k|lqmofsf qmddf ul/g] sfd ePsf]n] csf{] ;Dd]ngsf jl/kl/ ul/g] km\ofG;fsf clwstd sfd a}7ssf] tof/Lsf qmddf ul/g]5g\ .

……g]kfn tyf aËnfb]zsf ;/sf/L k|ltlglwd08n;Fu lgs} cufl8 -;g\ @))* df_ g} k/fdz{ ul/;lsPsf] / pgLx¿sf] lrQ a'lem;s]sf]n] ;Dd]ngdf pgLx¿n] ;Dd]ngdf JoQm ul/Psf xfd|f ljrf/x¿ rfF8} a'em]sf lyPÆ, km\ofG;fsf ;+of]hs d'/nL /fdL;]§L eGg'x'G5 .

km\ofG;fn] >Ln°fnL ;/sf/L clws[tx¿nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg yfln;s]sf] 5, o;sf nflu lg/Gt/?kdf hf/L bafa tyf tof/L sfo{nfO{ wGojfb lbg}k5{ . ;g\ @)!! df km\ofG;f, 8An'P;P;;L;L / jf6/P8sf] em08fd'lg gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿n] yk cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf hgfpg'kb{5 / >Ln°fnL ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿sf] Gofgf] :jfutaf6 nfe xfl;n ug'{kb{5 .

hgr]tgf hufpg] tyf ;fsf];fg k|lta4tfx¿klt hafkmb]xL aGgsf nflu ;/sf/dfly bafa lbg] sfo{df ;xof]u ug{ ;g\ @)!! df ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ cufl8b]lv g} ;+nUg u/fOg]5 .

a}7ssf] k"0f{ k|ltj]bg / ;fsf];fg–$ tkm{sf] dfu{lrq sfo{of]hgfx¿sf nflu j]a;fO6 www.fansasia.net df hfg'xf]nf .

;g\ @))( sf] gf]e]Da/df km\ofG;f aËnfb]zsf ;b:o hf];]km xfN8/ af;{]nf]gfdf ;DkGg hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL a}7ssf ;fy} To;;Fu cfof]hgf ul/Psf] kfgL lbj;df ;xefuL x'g'eof] . hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu h'em\g] ;Gbe{df kfgLsf] dxTjnfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf :jLsfg{] sf]k]gx]ug pknlAwsf nflu yk ;dy{g h'6fpgsf nflu pQm kfgL lbj; cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

km\ofG;fsf If]qLo ;~rf/ clws[t k|sfz cdfTon] pxfF;Fu a}7sdf aËnfb]zsf] :yfgLo kl/k|]If k|:tt ug{sf nflu pxfFn] k|fKt ug'{ePsf] cj;/, pQm d'2f;DaGwL ljZjJofkL kl/k|]If;DaGwL l;sfO tyf kf]8sfi6df ;xeflutfaf/] s'/fsfgL ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

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hgtf klg kLl8t 5g\ . To;}n] ;Dd]ngsf qmddf d a}7s aflx/ jf leq hxfF eP klg gofF dflg;x¿ e]6sf] s'g} klg a]nfdf d]/f syf eGg] sf]lz; ub{y]F .

d aËnfb]zL x'g'sf cltl/Qm hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL d'2fx¿af/] u};; d~r;Fu k|ToIf ¿kdf sfd ul//x]sf] x'gfn] aËnfb]zLx¿n] kfgL / hLjglgjf{xsf ;Gbe{df clxn] ef]lu/x]sf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|efjx¿af/] ljZjsf gLlt lgdf{tfx¿ tyf dxTjk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;dIf :ki6 kl/b]Zo k|:t't u/]sf] lyPF .

Ps hgf km\ofg ;b:osf ¿kdf d}n] a}7ssf ;qx¿df tyf kfgL lbj;;DaGwL sfo{qmddf efu lnFbf kfgLdfly hgtfsf] clwsf/;DaGwL efjgfk|lt ;dy{g hgfPsf] lyPF .

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If]qx¿df km\ofG;fsf] k|ultIf]qLo :t/df nf]stflGqs ;+/rgf ljsf; ug{] tyf k|efjsf/L If]qLo :t/df nf]stflGqs ;+/rgf ljsf; ug{] tyf k|efjsf/L k}/jL ;~hfnsf ¿kdf :yflkt x'g];Gbe{df ut jif{ km\ofG;fn] k}/jL ;~hfnsf ¿kdf :yflkt x'g];Gbe{df ut jif{ km\ofG;fn] pNn]Vo k|ult u/]sf] 5 . k}/jL sfo{, gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿sf] Ifdtf pNn]Vo k|ult u/]sf] 5 . k}/jL sfo{, gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿sf] Ifdtf ljsf; / ;~hfn÷;+:yfut ;zQmLs/0fsf] lqsf]0fLo k4ltsf dfWodaf6 ljsf; / ;~hfn÷;+:yfut ;zQmLs/0fsf] lqsf]0fLo k4ltsf dfWodaf6 ;~hfnnfO{ ;zQm agfpgdf km\ofG;fnfO{ ljQLo ;xof]u h'6fOlbPsf];~hfnnfO{ ;zQm agfpgdf km\ofG;fnfO{ ljQLo ;xof]u h'6fOlbPsf]df ;+o'Qm clw/fHosf] cGt//fli6«o ljsf; ljefu -8LPkmcfO{8L_nfO{ df ;+o'Qm clw/fHosf] cGt//fli6«o ljsf; ljefu -8LPkmcfO{8L_nfO{ wGojfb lbg}k5{ .wGojfb lbg}k5{ .

km\ofG;fsf If]qLo ;+of]hs zf:qLn] lbg'ePsf] pQm jif{sf] cBfjlws hfgsf/L tn lbOPsf] 5 M

km\ofG;fn] ;fsf];fg–# sf] cg'udg k|lqmofdf k|d'v / k|efjsf/L e'ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 / :yfgLo k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u/L o; If]qdf kfgL Pj+ ;/;kmfO clwsf/;DaGwL RoflDkogsf ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . of] …sfo{sf nflu ljZj ;+/rgfÚ -hLPkmP_sf] ;fem]bf/ aGg'sf ;fy} hLPkmP ;~rfng ug{] cGtl/d d'Vo ;d'xsf] ;b:o klg ag]sf] 5 / kfgL bl/b|tf cGTo cleofg ;~rfng ;ldltsf] ;b:o klg ag]sf] 5 .

/fli6«o :t/x¿df klg y'k|} k|ult ePsf 5g\ .

ef/tsf !) j6f /fHodf km\ofG;f ef/t zfvfx¿sf] ;zQm ;d'bfo :yfkgf ug{df Jofkstfdf cfwfl/t tyf nf]stflGqs k|lqmof km\ofG;fn] ckgfPsf] 5 . tL ;a}sf cfkm\g} ;ldltx¿ 5g\ eg] pgLx¿sf cfkm\g} df}lns cg'ejx¿ klg 5g\ .

g]kfndf ;g\ @))( sf] ;]K6]Da/df /fli6«o clwj]zg cfof]hgf ul/of] / pQm clwj]zgn] n'dGtLsf lgb{]zs nhgf dfgGw/sf] cWoIftfdf !# ;b:oLo /fli6«o ;ldlt rog u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfnsf rf/ j6f If]qx¿df pk–/fli6«o zfvfx¿ 5g\ .

;g\ @))( sf] l8;]Da/ @^ df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] km\ofG;f aËnfb]zsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sn] cfly{s jif{ ;g\ @))(–!) sf] ah]6 tyf sfo{of]hgf kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] lyof] .

hf]xfg];au{ – sf7df8f}+af6 Ps b[li6km\ofg g]kfnsf ;+of]hs Pj+ n'dGtLsf lgb{]zs nhgf dfgGw/ hf]xfg];au{df ;DkGg :nd 8\j]n;{ OG6/g]zgn af]8{sf] a}7sdf ;xefuL eO{ blIf0f clk|msfsf ul/a hgtfsf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL cj:yfaf/] s]xL dxTjk"0f{ cGtb[{li6;lxt kms{g'ePsf] 5 .

pQm a}7skl5 Pp6f ;'s'Daf;L a:tLdf uO{ ToxfFsf] ;/;kmfOsf] l:ylt k|ToIf cjnf]sg ug{] cj;/ pxfFn] kfpg'ePsf] lyof] . sdhf]/ k"jf{wf/x¿ tyf lrGtfhgs ¿kdf pRr ;'/Iff / c;dfgtfaLr pxfFn] c:yfoL ;/;kmfO ;dfwfgsf ¿kdf /f;folgs zf}rfnox¿af/] l;Sg'eof] .

zx/sf] Pp6f tLg tf/] xf]6ndf k|j]z ug{]lalQs} xfdLnfO{ elgof] – zx/sf] kfgL cfk"lt{ ;]jfsf] dd{t eO/x]sf]n] laxfg ( ah]b]lv ;fFem % ah];Dd wf/fdf kfgL pknAw x'g] 5}g . csf{] lbg xfdLnfO{ k"0f{ k|of]u eO;s]sf] ;'g vfgL glhs} /x]sf] Ps 7'nf] ;'s'Daf/L a:tLdf nluPsf] lyof] . ToxfF xfdLnfO{ s8f ;'/IffaLr /flvPsf] lyof] .

gu/kflnsfn] pQm a:tLdf …/f;folgs zf}rfnoÚ k|jw{g ul//x]sf] lyof] . pQm zf}rfno c:yfoL vfN8f] rkL{df /;fogsf] Pp6f ;fgf] af]6n em'08\ofP/ agfOPsf] lyof] . To;n] dfgj pT;h{gnfO{ rfF8} s'xfpg d2t ub{Yof] / o;n] ubf{ jftfj/0fdf b'u{Gw gkm}lng'sf ;fy} lemFuf klg nfUb}gYof] . pQm a:tLnfO{ :yfoL ¿k k|bfg ug{] jf gug{] eGg]af/] lg0f{o eO{ g;s]sf]n] gu/kflnsfn] o; ljlwnfO{ c:yfoL pkfosf ¿kdf ckgfPsf] xf] .

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