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Transcript of Freshwater Morphology Study Best Practice Measures Tool Kit Paul Johnston Associates Fisheries...
Freshwater Morphology Study
Best Practice Measures Tool Kit
Paul Johnston AssociatesFisheries Consultants
Risk Assessment RefinementUse field data to refine Article 5 risk assessment pressure thresholds
Aerial ImageryCapture and Processing
Derive Channel TypologiesDevelop Remote Sensing Methods
Fieldwork Contracts 2006 and 2007Morphology and Biology Field Data
Programmes of Measures
Populate a morphology database
Developing the Morphological Assessment ProcessDeveloping the Morphological Assessment Process
RISK
ASSESSMENT
CLASSIFICATION & MONITORING
PoMS STUDY
Decision Support Tool
Risk Assessment RefinementUse field data to refine Article 5 risk assessment pressure thresholds
Aerial ImageryCapture and Processing
Derive Channel TypologiesDevelop Remote Sensing Methods
Fieldwork Contracts 2006 and 2007Morphology and Biology Field Data
Programmes of Measures
Populate a morphology database
Developing the Morphological Assessment ProcessDeveloping the Morphological Assessment Process
RISK
ASSESSMENT
CLASSIFICATION & MONITORING
PoMS STUDY
Decision Support Tool Best Practice Measures Toolkit
Channelisation:• Approach to future river channel works
Capital works & maintenance works
Report contents
Measures to address Morphological Pressures:• Outline of key pressures & impactsOutline of key pressures & impacts• Identification of specific measures to address key Identification of specific measures to address key
pressurespressures
FUTURE CHANNELISATION WORKS?FUTURE CHANNELISATION WORKS?
Further arterial drainage schemes unlikelyFurther arterial drainage schemes unlikely
Channel works will focus on:Channel works will focus on:
Capital works Capital works
- Localised channel works: urban (& rural) flood - Localised channel works: urban (& rural) flood prevention (also road works, bridge construction & prevention (also road works, bridge construction & associated channel realignment)associated channel realignment)
Maintenance works Maintenance works
- Statutory requirement to maintain drainage - Statutory requirement to maintain drainage schemes under Arterial Drainage Act 1945schemes under Arterial Drainage Act 1945
Supplementary measures – Apply morphology measures toolkit to prioritised waterbodiesAwareness programmesVoluntary initiatives eg wetlands / riparian areas
Actions –Morphology monitoring programme
Prescribed basic measures – national regulation systemProtected areas measures – favourable condition requirements
Decision Support Tool
Programmes of Measures
Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)
Supplementary measures – Apply morphology measures toolkit to prioritised waterbodiesAwareness programmesVoluntary initiatives eg wetlands / riparian areas
Actions –Morphology monitoring programme
Prescribed basic measures – national regulation systemProtected areas measures – favourable condition requirements
Decision Support Tool
Programmes of Measures
Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)
Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)
11 Basic measures - legislative and regulatoryBasic measures - legislative and regulatory
22 Supplementary measures:Supplementary measures:
codes of practicecodes of practice
voluntary initiativesvoluntary initiatives
improvement programmesimprovement programmes
Morphology Measures Tool KitMorphology Measures Tool Kit
MORPHOLOGY PRESSURESMORPHOLOGY PRESSURESArticle 5 Pressures and Impacts Analysis
Key morphology pressures:
Channelisation and flood embankmentsChannelisation and flood embankments
Impoundments and regulationImpoundments and regulation
Intensive land useIntensive land use
++
Barriers to migrationBarriers to migration
ANALYSIANALYSISS
Pressure
Sub-pressure
Impact
Measure
ANALYSIANALYSISS
Pressure
Sub-pressure
Impact
Channelisation
Re-sectioning of channel
Measure
Loss of morphological diversity
Narrowing of channel
=
=
=
=
ExampleExample
Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)Programmes Of Measures (PoMs)
Supplementary measures:Supplementary measures:
Morphology Measures Tool KitMorphology Measures Tool Kit
21 measures identified to address21 measures identified to address
morphological pressuresmorphological pressures
Anon (2000) Forestry and Water Quality Guidelines. Forest Service. Department of the Marine and Natural Resources. 13pp.
Anon (2007) Farmer’s Guide to REPS 4. Rural Environment Protection Scheme. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
Anon (2007a) Guidelines on the Planning, Design, Construction & Operation of Small-Scale Hydro-Electric Schemes and Fisheries. Central & Regional Fisheries Boards & Engineering Division, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food. Dublin. 52pp.
APEM (1996) Restoration of Riverine Salmon Habitats – A Guidance Manual. R&D Technical Report W44. Environment Agency, Bristol.
FAO/DVWK (2002) Fish passes – Design, dimensions and monitoring. Rome, FAO. 119pp
Irish SuDS: Guidance and Tools. Dublin City Council.
King JJ (2001) The Experimental Drainage Maintenance Programme (EDM) 1997-2001. Summary Report and Recommendations. Central Fisheries Board, Dublin.
King JJ & Wightman GD (2006) The Experimental Drainage Maintenance Programme (EDM) 2002-2006. Management Summary. Central Fisheries Board, Dublin.
Main reference material (1):Main reference material (1):
OPW (2007) Screening of Natura 2000 sites for Impacts of Arterial Drainage Maintenance Operations. Series of Ecological Assessments on Arterial Drainage Maintenance – No 1. Office of Public Works.
O’Grady MF (2006) Channels & Challenges. Enhancing Salmonid Rivers. Irish Freshwater Fisheries Ecology & Management Series: No 4. Central Fisheries Board, Dublin, Ireland.
RRC (2002) Manual of River Restoration Techniques. River Restoration Centre, Silsoe, UKSEPA (2002) Managing River Habitats for Fisheries. SAC.
Summers DW, Giles N & Willis DJ (1996) Restoration of Riverine Trout Habitats – A Guidance Manual. R&D Technical Report W18. Environment Agency, Bristol.
Ward D, Holmes N & José P (1994) The New Rivers and Wildlife Handbook. RSPB, NRA, RSNS, Royal Society for Protection of Birds, 426pp.
WWF (2000) Farming and Watercourse Management. SNH, WWF (Scotland), FWAG, SEPA, SAC.
Main reference material (2):Main reference material (2):
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
Channelisation &
Flood embankments
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
Channelisation &
Flood embankments
Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel
Flood walls and embankments
Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
Channelisation &
Flood embankments
Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel
Loss of morphological and ecological diversity
Loss or impairment of riparian zone
Flood walls and embankments
Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
Channelisation &
Flood embankments
Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel
Loss of morphological and ecological diversity
1 Re-meandering of straightened channels
2 Narrowing of channels
3 Re-construction of pools
4 Substrate enhancement
Loss or impairment of riparian zone
5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Flood walls and embankments
Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
Channelisation &
Flood embankments
Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel
Loss of morphological and ecological diversity
1 Re-meandering of straightened channels
2 Narrowing of channels
Assisted natural
recovery
3 Re-construction of pools
4Substrate enhancement
Loss or impairment of riparian zone
5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Flood walls and embankments
Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
Channelisation &
Flood embankments
Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel
Loss of morphological and ecological diversity
1 Re-meandering of straightened channels
2 Narrowing of channels
Assisted natural
recovery
3 Re-construction of pools
4Substrate enhancement
Loss or impairment of riparian zone
5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Flood walls and embankments
Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
Channelisation &
Flood embankments
Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel
Loss of morphological and ecological diversity
1 Re-meandering of straightened channels
2 Narrowing of channels
Assisted natural
recovery
3 Re-construction of pools
4Substrate enhancement
Loss or impairment of riparian zone
5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Flood walls and embankments
Reduced floodplain area/ loss of riparian zone and marginal habitats/ reduced connectivity with floodplain/ entrapment of sediments
Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
Channelisation &
Flood embankments
Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel
Loss of morphological and ecological diversity
1 Re-meandering of straightened channels
2 Narrowing of channels
Assisted natural
recovery
3 Re-construction of pools
4Substrate enhancement
Loss or impairment of riparian zone
5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Flood walls and embankments
Reduced floodplain area/ loss of riparian zone and marginal habitats/ reduced connectivity with floodplain/ entrapment of sediments
6 Removal or re-location of flood banks
Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
Channelisation &
Flood embankments
Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel
Loss of morphological and ecological diversity
1 Re-meandering of straightened channels
2 Narrowing of channels
Assisted natural
recovery
3 Re-construction of pools
4Substrate enhancement
Loss or impairment of riparian zone
5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Flood walls and embankments
Reduced floodplain area/ loss of riparian zone and marginal habitats/ reduced connectivity with floodplain/ entrapment of sediments
6 Removal or re-location of flood banks
Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
Channelisation &
Flood embankments
Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel
Loss of morphological and ecological diversity
1 Re-meandering of straightened channels
2 Narrowing of channels
Assisted natural
recovery
3 Re-construction of pools
4Substrate enhancement
Loss or impairment of riparian zone
5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Flood walls and embankments
Reduced floodplain area/ loss of riparian zone and marginal habitats/ reduced connectivity with floodplain/ entrapment of sediments
6 Removal or re-location of flood banks
Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)
Loss of morphological and ecological diversityDisturbance of riverbed and banks/ mobilisation of sediments/ loss of instream and riparian vegetation
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
Channelisation &
Flood embankments
Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel
Loss of morphological and ecological diversity
1 Re-meandering of straightened channels
2 Narrowing of channels
Assisted natural
recovery
3 Re-construction of pools
4Substrate enhancement
Loss or impairment of riparian zone
5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Flood walls and embankments
Reduced floodplain area/ loss of riparian zone and marginal habitats/ reduced connectivity with floodplain/ entrapment of sediments
6 Removal or re-location of flood banks
Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)
Loss of morphological and ecological diversityDisturbance of riverbed and banks/ mobilisation of sediments/ loss of instream and riparian vegetation
7 Application of OPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance guidelines
DRAINAGE MAINTENANCE WORKSDRAINAGE MAINTENANCE WORKS
11 Protect bank slopesProtect bank slopes
22 Restrict maintenance to channelRestrict maintenance to channel
33 Deposit spoil on bank fullDeposit spoil on bank full
44 Selective vegetation removalSelective vegetation removal
55 Leave sections untouchedLeave sections untouched
Best practice measuresBest practice measures
OPW Environmental Drainage MaintenanceOPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance
10 steps10 steps
DRAINAGE MAINTENANCE WORKSDRAINAGE MAINTENANCE WORKSBest practice measuresBest practice measures
OPW Environmental Drainage MaintenanceOPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance
10 steps10 steps
66 Management of treesManagement of trees
77 Manage berms to form 2-stage channelManage berms to form 2-stage channel
88 Replace bouldersReplace boulders
99 Loosen bed gravelsLoosen bed gravels
1010 Excavate poolsExcavate pools
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
Channelisation &
Flood embankments
Channel alteration – straightening, deepening, widening of channel
Loss of morphological and ecological diversity
1 Re-meandering of straightened channels
2 Narrowing of channels
Assisted natural
recovery
3 Re-construction of pools
4Substrate enhancement
Loss or impairment of riparian zone
5 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Flood walls and embankments
Reduced floodplain area/ loss of riparian zone and marginal habitats/ reduced connectivity with floodplain/ entrapment of sediments
6 Removal or re-location of flood banks
Drainage maintenance works (dredging and control of vegetation)
Loss of morphological and ecological diversityDisturbance of riverbed and banks/ mobilisation of sediments/ loss of instream and riparian vegetation
7 Application of OPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance guidelines
8 Incorporation of river restoration & fisheries enhancement projects (see Measures 2-4)
9 Measures to facilitate natural recovery
PRESSURE: Channelisation and flood embankments
Summary of measures:
1. Re-meandering of straightened channels
2. Narrowing of channels
3. Re-construction of pools
4. Substrate enhancement
5. Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
6. Removal or re-location of flood banks
7. Application of OPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance guidelines
8. Incorporation of river restoration & fisheries enhancement projects
9. Adjustment of drainage maintenance criteria
PRESSURESUB-
PRESSUREIMPACT NO. MEASURES
IMPOUNDMENTS &
REGULATION
PRESSURESUB-
PRESSUREIMPACT NO. MEASURES
IMPOUNDMENTS &
REGULATION
Dams & weirs
PRESSURESUB-
PRESSUREIMPACT NO. MEASURES
IMPOUNDMENTS &
REGULATION
Dams & weirs Loss of morphological and ecological diversity in impounded reach / Reduction in productivity / Accumulation of sediment upstream / Loss of sediment input downstream
PRESSURESUB-
PRESSUREIMPACT NO. MEASURES
IMPOUNDMENTS &
REGULATION
Dams & weirs Loss of morphological and ecological diversity in impounded reach / Reduction in productivity / Accumulation of sediment upstream / Loss of sediment input downstream
10 Removal of structure and de-silting of impounded reach
PRESSURESUB-
PRESSUREIMPACT NO. MEASURES
IMPOUNDMENTS &
REGULATION
Dams & weirs Loss of morphological and ecological diversity in impounded reach / Reduction in productivity / Accumulation of sediment upstream / Loss of sediment input downstream
10 Removal of structure and de-silting of impounded reach
Inadequate residual flow downstream
PRESSURESUB-
PRESSUREIMPACT NO. MEASURES
IMPOUNDMENTS &
REGULATION
Dams & weirs Loss of morphological and ecological diversity in impounded reach / Reduction in productivity / Accumulation of sediment upstream / Loss of sediment input downstream
10 Removal of structure and de-silting of impounded reach
Inadequate residual flow downstream
11 Adoption of operational protocols
PRESSURE: Impoundments & Regulation
Summary of measures:
10. Removal of structure and de-silting of impounded reach
11. Adoption of operational protocols
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Forestry operations
Peat extraction
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Forestry operations
Peat extraction
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone
Forestry operations
Peat extraction
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone
12 Stabilisation of river banks
13 Application of REPS special measures
14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Forestry operations
Peat extraction
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone
12 Stabilisation of river banks
13 Application of REPS special measures
14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Forestry operations
Peat extraction
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone
12 Stabilisation of river banks
13 Application of REPS special measures
14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Forestry operations
Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects
Peat extraction
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone
12 Stabilisation of river banks
13 Application of REPS special measures
14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Forestry operations
Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects
15 Application of best practice guidelines
Peat extraction
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone
12 Stabilisation of river banks
13 Application of REPS special measures
14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Forestry operations Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects
15 Application of best practice guidelines
Peat extraction
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone
12 Stabilisation of river banks
13 Application of REPS special measures
14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Forestry operations Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects
15 Application of best practice guidelines
Peat extraction Peat silt run-off and deposition in watercourses
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone
12 Stabilisation of river banks
13 Application of REPS special measures
14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Forestry operations Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects
15 Application of best practice guidelines
Peat extraction Peat silt run-off and deposition in watercourses
16 Operation and maintenance of silt traps
17 De-silting of affected reaches
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone
12 Stabilisation of river banks
13 Application of REPS special measures
14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Forestry operations Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects
15 Application of best practice guidelines
Peat extraction Peat silt run-off and deposition in watercourses
16 Operation and maintenance of silt traps
17 De-silting of affected reaches
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone
12 Stabilisation of river banks
13 Application of REPS special measures
14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Forestry operations Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects
15 Application of best practice guidelines
Peat extraction Peat silt run-off and deposition in watercourses
16 Operation and maintenance of silt traps
17 De-silting of affected reaches
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
Run-off of silt and deposition in watercoursesIncreased peak flowsBank erosion
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
INTENSIVE LAND USE
Over-grazing & bank trampling
Bank erosion/ over-widening of channel/ sediment deposition in watercoursesLoss of riparian zone
12 Stabilisation of river banks
13 Application of REPS special measures
14 Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
Forestry operations Increased run-off rate through drainage systems / silt deposition in watercourses / shading effects
15 Application of best practice guidelines
Peat extraction Peat silt run-off and deposition in watercourses
16 Operation and maintenance of silt traps
17 De-silting of affected reaches
Hard surface run-off – urban drainage, roads etc
Run-off of silt and deposition in watercoursesIncreased peak flowsBank erosion
18 Incorporation of SuDS processes
PRESSURE: Intensive land use
Summary of measures:
12. Stabilisation of river banks
13. Application of REPS special measures
14. Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
15. Application of best practice forestry guidelines
16. Operation and maintenance of silt traps at peat extraction sites
17. De-silting of affected river reaches
18. Incorporation of SuDS processes
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
BARRIERS TO
MIGRATION
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
BARRIERS TO
MIGRATION
Dams, weirs, bridge aprons, & culverts
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
BARRIERS TO
MIGRATION
Dams, weirs, bridge aprons, & culverts
Lack of continuityObstruction to migration of fish and invertebrates
PRESSURE SUB-PRESSURE IMPACT NO. MEASURES
BARRIERS TO
MIGRATION
Dams, weirs, bridge aprons, & culverts
Lack of continuityObstruction to migration of fish and invertebrates
19 Removal of structures
20 Structural modification - construction of fish passes etc
21 Adoption of operational protocols
PRESSURE: Barriers to migration
Summary of measures:
19. Removal of structures
20. Structural modification - construction of fish passes etc
21. Adoption of operational protocols
Full suite of measures:1. Re-meandering of straightened channels
2. Narrowing of channels
3. Re-construction of pools
4. Substrate enhancement
5. Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
6. Removal or re-location of flood banks
7. Application of OPW Environmental Drainage Maintenance guidelines
8. Incorporation of river restoration & fisheries enhancement projects
9. Adjustment of drainage maintenance criteria
10. Removal of structure and de-silting of impounded reach
11. Adoption of operational protocols
12. Stabilisation of river banks
13. Application of REPS special measures
14. Fencing programmes to exclude livestock
15. Application of best practice forestry guidelines
16. Operation and maintenance of silt traps at peat extraction sites
17. De-silting of affected river reaches
18. Incorporation of SuDS processes
19. Removal of structures
20. Structural modification - construction of fish passes etc
21. Adoption of operational protocols