Frequency, Range and type of Wireless...
Transcript of Frequency, Range and type of Wireless...
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Frequency, Range and type of Wireless Communication
Zyyad Ali Shah Syed
NSA, UiO, Autum 2016
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Radio Frequency
Seawater- Pipeline Inspection Guage/Submarine Communication
Seawater – Submarine Communication
Earth- Communication in Mines /
40m in Saltwater – Wireless Telegraph
Kilometer wave - Long Distance Communication
Hectometer wave - AM Radio Broadcasting
Decameter wave - Shortwave radio, aviation communication
- FM radio, Air Traffic Controller, TV Broadcast
Decimeter wave - GPS, Satellite Comm, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth
Centimeter wave - Microwave radio, Wireless USB, Radar
Milimeter wave - Radio Astronomy/5G Mobile phones (Expected)
Penitration - Use
Fig.1: Frequency and Wavelength
THF Tremendously high frequency 300 GHz – 3 THz 1 mm – 0.1 mm (1 Radio Wave - Experimental medical imaging to replace X-rays,
terahertz computing/communications, remote sensing
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Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum
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Frequency and Approximate Scale of Wavelength
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Location of 802.11 Spectrum
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2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Signal Strength
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Towards THz Communications
Fig.2: Development of data rates in wireline, nomadic and wireless systems
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Time-domain Terahertz Spectroscopy
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T-Rays on the Spectrum
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T-ray metamaterial semiconductor modulator
a) C-DOT-rays shine through the modulator.
b) With no voltage applied, electrons can flow
across the gap in the gold structure. The
electrons absorb a few T-rays as they flow easily
around the two loops.
c) Applying voltage prevents electrons from crossing
the gap. But they absorb far more T-rays as they
slosh back and forth between the upper and
lower halves of the structure. Fewer T-rays pass
through the device.
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Communication Frequencies
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Comparison of conventional and THz communication channels
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Why Actual Range May Not Equal Stated Range???
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RF Power And dBm
• RF power is expressed in db with milliwatt i.e., dBm
dBm to mW convertion:
• P(dBm) = 10 · log10(P(mW))
• P(mW) = 10(P(dBm)/10)
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Path Loss
• Path loss = transmit power – receiver sensitivity + gains – losses
• Received power = transmit power + gains – losses
• Maximum path loss = transmit power – receiver sensitivity + gains – losses – fade margin
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Range
• Once the maximum path loss has been found, you can find the range from the formula:
• Distance (km) = 10(maximum path loss – 32.44 – 20log(f))/20
The relationship between the maximum path loss and
range at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.
The curve shows the relationship between the link
budget or maximum path loss in dBm and
estimated range in kilometers.
Factors effecting the range:
1) Antenna gain
2) Antenna height
3) Interference
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Wireless Channel Capacity
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AWGN channel(single-antenna, point-to-point scenario)
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Shannon-Hartley Theorem
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Signal to Noise Ratio
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Power of transmitted signals
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Wave fades with distnace
Wave Defraction
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Wave fading types
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Range vs Rate
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Range vs Rate cont...
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Propagation Characteristics
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BER vs SNR
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Wireless Channel Bonding
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References
• http://www.vlf.it/frequency/bands.html
• http://foresight.ifmo.ru/ict/shared/files/201311/1_143.pdf
• http://www.wirelesscommunication.nl/reference/chaptr05/digimod/awgn.htm
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_capacity_of_a_graph
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_capacity
• http://electronicdesign.com/communications/understanding-wireless-range-calculations
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum
• https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:T-ray_metamaterial_semiconductor_modulator.jpg
• http://www.ni.com/tutorial/3541/en/
• http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/ems2.html
• http://www.vlf.it/frequency/bands.html
• http://cwi.unik.no/images/e/e7/Frequency_Range_Communications_Raul.pdf
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequency
• http://foresight.ifmo.ru/ict/shared/files/201311/1_143.pdf
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Questions????
Thank you!