Nicolas Gamache(1652-1699)  

“Hunter and Lord” 

In New-France  Biography  Research and documentation Lise Gamache and Lisette Gamache 

Gamache, Lise, Lisette, - biography of Nicolas Gamache - 1652 - 1699 < < Hunter and Lord > > New-France, 1999, 165 pages Lisette Gamache1359, street ChauvinVal-Bélair, (Quebec) G3K 1 S 1CanadaTelephone: (418) 842-3009Fax: (418) 842-3009 -Lise Gamache and Lisette Gamache 1999 All rights of reproduction reserved without l' authorizationwritten from the authors. ISBN – 2-9806362-0-7 Legal deposit - 1999National Library of the CanadaNational Library of Quebec Cover page: Denis Gamache (our younger brother) © 2002-Edition revised and augmented by Lisette Gamache (1652-2002) 350e anniversary of l'arrival of family Gamache in New-France 

Foreword “Life is like a long quiet river”, some say. Go-see! A single drop of water is not very interesting to the naked eye, but as soon as you the look at it under the microscope, it reveals an entire universe of beauty, and… things, unexpected opportunities. The same holds true in the history of our ancestors. One often thinks that their lives took place with monotony, in quiet and in serenity, stripped of all THE excitement we know today. “It was the good time!” you say? Not so fast! When someone moved somewhere, they must at the same time build their house, clear their land, cultivate the fields, provide protection for their family, etc. Woe to him that he might suffer appendicitis or peritonitis; he is doomed! When his wife bears a child almost every year for 15 or 20 years, there is no to surprise that she died young!  But this is in addition to other problems we find: for example, the rivalry between two families who are generous to the Church, the rivalry became serious and Bishop Henri - Marie de Pontbriand Breil and intendant François Bigot had to intervene personally! This was what astonishes us today. However, the two issues involved in genealogy that are the most interesting are: “Who are we?” and “Where do we come from?”

Here, in the history of the Gamache family, many surprises await you! Gradually, you will see, the pages that follow will reveal to you the origins of this very old family, your ancestor’s occupations and the landscape in which they lived and in which they still live. In the bibliography, you will see all sources, all documents, all citations, etc., to support the text. You will find some of these references to be particularly interesting (see the manifest of James Wolfe on June 28, 1759). One last question (after the first two above), “Where are we going?” is not answered by the genealogy. This is for us to discover! Members of this family will be fascinated and justly proud, of the heritage! This is a valuable document to retain for posterity, for which you will likely be grateful! If you have as much fun reading it as we had preparing it, the pleasure will be immense… Good reading!  

Lise Gamache Lisette Gamache

Preface “Many are the memories of the beautiful place of my childhood” In tribute to the communes of Bréval and Saint-Illiers-la-Ville This book is a vibrant testimony of gratitude to Nicolas Gamache, a way to say: 

“I remember” (“Je me souviens”) This biography will allow us to relive, step by step, the path of Nicolas Gamache dit Lamare, that starts in New-France in 1652 until his death, October 30, 1699, in that same country. Nicolas Gamache, father and his wife Jacqueline Cadot were married 9 July 1629 in Bréval. “Nicolas Gamache, son of Guillaume of Bréval, and of Jacqueline Cadot of Saint-Illiers-la-Ville” Nicolas, the son, was baptized, April 17, 1639, in Bréval as Nicolas de Lamare.  Nicolas Gamache, father, almost certainly lived in the home of the deceased first husband of Jacqueline Cadot, Lamare Renay, at Saint-Illiers-la-Ville. At that time, this change of name was common, a particular way to identify people. It was not in vain that they lived before us since we are here…!

Acknowledgements We wish to thank Mr André Chapel, of Louviers, France, for his great interest in the Gamache family. “The name of Gamache is very dear to my heart because at Gamaches-en-Vexin, a small rural commune of the Norman-Vexin area where I lived “my early years,” and I taught. But it was on a visit from Lisette and Lise that I learned that GAMACHE was not only a place name but the surname of a large family of Bréval, family, which through my research, has become a little bit of my family.” 

   

We warmly thank 

Mr Jacques Ivan Ruel 

For his dedication and for his advice in the preparation of this book 

Chapter I The Beginning 

A very old name

Start by locating the family name of Gamaches in France

Place Names in France

The beginning of the Gamaches family genealogy

William II, the name of Gamaches

The Knights of Gamaches

The coat of arms

The seals 

A Very Old name: Preceltic - Gallic - Germanic The name of Gamache is found as the name of bodies of water, areas of land and as a person's last name Gam-apia: meaning “pleasant stream”  During the reign of Clotaire in the 5th century (497-561), there is an organized village of Gamaches, part of the Roman Empire Gamaches – Valley of the Somme, Pond or Marsh (Gammapium, Gamachiae and Gamaches) at the confluence of the Vimeuse and the Bresle: It was called Gammapium in 734 and Gamachiae in 1150 and designated the first confluence. It was here, under the Château de Gamaches, were found some artifacts and remains, perhaps Gallo-Roman. Gamaches – Valley of the Eure (known as Ganagiae, Gamachiae, Gamachiis and Gamaches-en-Vexin) the name of a ravine where there was once a stream, a tributary of the Bonde: Gammapio 751, gam : which converges to the same point - apia : to designate first former courses of water at the confluence with the strainer. Theatre. Gallo-Roman  Guémappe –Pas de Calais, on the Cojeul, whose two arms meet downstream of the village; Gammapio 1135 and Gamapia 1164, gam-apia : preceltic - to designate the confluence of the streams (REF: Ernest Nègre - Toponymy General of France;) Geneva. (Librairie Droz., 1990-91, 3 vol.)

In the time of the Roman occupation, the Gamacheries - a hamlet of Bréval - already existed and was called Gammapium. Two directives from Pepin and Charlemagne to the Abbey of Saint-Denis - before 750-775, read: "Similiter in pago Madriacense: Vinias, Gamapio and Niventis. Gamapios would consist of the Grande Gamacheries and the Petite Gamacheries but was called by mutual agreement, Gamacherie, hamlet of Blaru. (REF: Bréval) Around 667-668, a monk gave his monastery and the beautiful expanse of land around it in Fleury, the name "Gamaches”. Gamaches-en-Vexin 

Crest of the ville de Gamaches-en-Vexin

was called… Gamapius vicus - before 628 (of Achery, Spicilegium) 707-(Chronicon

Fontanellense) Gammaffium – in the 7th century (Neustria pia) Gamaci -1063 (map of the Trinité-du-Mont) Gamachiae -1150 (History of France, vol. XII, p. 187); 1275 (map of

Saint-Denis) Gamaches-en-Vexin -Commune in the canton of Étrépagny; Castle

important before 1150; fief, important to the Diocese of Rouen. Gaamacus -1272 (archipeligo of the lower Seine) Gamachi, Gamasches, Guamaches (M.R.) Gamachez, Gamaches and Gamache

 England Gamage, English (Norman): habitation name from places called Gamaches in Eure and Somme, first recorded in the 8th century as Gannapio and Gammapium respectively.In 1066, Gamaches-Saint-Valéry settled in England and is bestowed land in Oldsarum – Wiltshire, becoming the Solicitor of Malbesbury and Wiltshire. Surnames: Waismaches, or Ghaimaches, Gamaches, Gamage, Gamages, Gammage, Gammidge and Camidge.They live in the following regions: Herefordshire, Gloucester, Wiltshire and Oxfordshire etc. United States of America In the 17th century the name “Gamage” was establish in Massachusetts. In the 18th century, there were Gamaches living in Missouri. Canada Multitudes of Gamaches are found here. We find them from one ocean to the other. 

Start by locating the family name of Gamaches in France The Gamaches family name has been held in high esteem since it has a common origin in Rollo, Norman leader and the first Duke of Normandy (Robert the1st ) The Gamache family name is particularly prominent around the end of 9th century. Rollon and Inger are sons of the Earl Rogauld, nicknamed the “Rich Norwegian”. Inger is the first branch of the Gamaches. His son Herlouin settled in Picardy, where he took the name of Gamaches (Gamaches-Somme). It is from him that come the branches of the Earls of Saint-Valéry, of Eu, and of the Gamaches name and crest. The marriage of Guillaume de Gamaches, Earl of Ponthieu, to Alix, sister of Hugh Capet (King of the Capetians in 987), brought the two royal families together. Bernard III, de Gamaches from Saint-Valéry, undertook the construction of the Château de Gamaches in the Somme Valley in 1096, a chateau that was finished by Bernard IV. This Norman family gave birth to offspring in Picardy, England, Norman-Vexin, Nivernais, Berry and in Bourbonnais.

Place Names in France City of Gamaches en Somme (Somme)

Gamaches-en-Vexin (Eure) Gamaches- part of the fief of Amfreville-sous-les-Monts, Flipou and Senneville, before it became part of the land of the Lord of Gamaches (Charpillon and Caresme). (Eure) Family Gamaches – commune of Plessis, in the 15th century, place of birth of several members of the Gamaches family. Under the control of the Lord of Gamaches-en-Vexin. (Eure) Gamaches –Fief of the Heunière (Eure) The Gamacheries - Saint-Illiers-la-Ville – commune of Bréval (Yvelines) Gamachère Wood -Blaru (Yvelines) Gamache - Commune of Le Puy-Notre-Dame, ancient area with many series of wine cellars, near the village of Cix (E581, plan). The lord owner in 1723 Antoine Blondé de Messemé created "Le Clos de Gamaches" wines from the appellation controllée of Anjou, in "Coteaux-du-Layon" (Maine-et-Loire) 

Gamache jump -(Esnans) after Marquis Ronot de Gamache, near Beaumes-les-Dames (Doubs) Gamaches –in the area of Mézilles, group of buildings near the hamlet of Grenons, site and remains of a large fort (Yonne) Gamache –idiom. In the commune of Étoutteville, great street popularly called Gamache 1631 (Seine-Maritime) The Gamacherie – House in the town of Henrichemont. (Cher) The Gamache – House in Sury-es-Bois (Cher) Georges de Gamaches - Chateau Jussy-Champagne begun at end of the 16th century. Member to the King’s court since Charles VII (Cher) Gamache -(Fief of) Boisicourt - Oise, canton Mouy, canton of Bury(Oise) Gamache , Manor House, canton of Montreuil-Bellay (Maine-et-Loire) 

 The wax seal of Marquis Ronot de Gamache (1779)

First genealogy - Family Gamaches 

Count Rogauld – called “the rich”  Children: Inger - Rollon - Thor  IngerLord of Belesme Children: Yves - Herlouin

 

First branch of Gamaches   Herlouin IIEarl of Ponthieu and MontreuilGovernor of Rouen (943)

Married: Agnes of Ponthieu in 910  

House of the Earls of Ponthieu  Wagon   

Walbert   Angilbert

Married: Berthe - daughter of Charlemagne

Nithard   Herlouin I

Hergauld

It is this tree that branches out of:  

Saint-Valéry, of Eu and the Gamaches

Titles with nothing to fear from the harshest criticism establish this fraternity

RogerComte de Montreuil and Coastal Maritime

Guillaume de Ponthieu - (Gamache)Count of Ponthieu and Montreuil

In 964, owned the land of Thérouanne, Saint-Pol and the BoulogneMarried: Alice, sister of Hugh Capet (Capetien King - 987).

Children: Eustace (Boulogne) - Hildouin (Ponthieu) - Hugh - (Montreuil) - Elizabeth - Bernard (Guines).

Bernard 1st

Earl of GuinesMarried: Emma daughter of Renaud de Saint-Valéry

Branch: Saint-Valery-GamacheChild: Bernard

Bernard II (Gauthier)Lord Gamaches in 1001 and leader of the North Vimeu

Married: Poppy, daughter of Richard III, Duke of NormandyChildren: Bernard - Gautier - Renaud - Culbert

Bernard IIILord of Saint-Valery and GamachesBuilt Chateau de Gamaches (1096)

Children: Bernard - Jean - Erard - Laura or Lorette (Élaume deFontaines)

Bernard IVFollows King Henry II of England

Children: Thomas (of St. Valery) - Godefroy (Gamaches) - Jean (de Rouvroy Saint-Simon) - Bernard - Renaud (St. Valery)

 Godefroy de Gamaches

Vassal of Henry II of EnglandDied: 1150, equestrian seal - harbor the sword

Puiseux - (Puisaye) - Norman VexinPerpetuated the name GAMACHE (S)

Child: Mathew

Matthew GamachesGrand Seneschal of the Kingdom of Ireland

Marquis of Norman VexinIn 1218, yields to his cousin Aéonor, daughter of Thomas de St. Valery and the

wife of Robert III, Earl of Dreux (great-grand-son of Louis VI, (the Fat) and receives his Gamaches shares.

Gamaches-en-Vexin

In 1230, confirmed by the charter by Gamaches Aéonor (Eleanor), wife of Saint-Valery Gamaches and Countess of Dreux, given by Bernard IV (1173-1199).

According to the charter: # 24<<No Peultdemourer dan do it is the city of soyt communaulté, except deulx,

l'heritier of wit and Wallery l'heritier Richard de Gamahes>>.

William II, called Gamaches

Lord Gamaches, knight, adviser and chamberlain of Charles VI, Dauphin (the future Charles VII) and Bailly of Rouen. In 1410, Master Huntsman and Governor

of the King’s hunt.

William served in 1410 under the Earl of the March in the King's army, where he won favor. He was promoted, December 29, 1410, to master huntsman and Governor. On the 25 October 1415, he is found at the battle of Agincourt. 21 July 1418, he was made captain of the town of Compiegne, where he remained until June 18, 1422. When the British gained control of the city of Paris, he was relieved of his office as Master Huntsman and Governor of Hunting because the Dauphin left the country. He remained a prisoner of theEnglish at the battle of Cravant in 1423. The same year he participated in the decision of Chartres. His war cry was:

<<GAMACHES! - SAINT-VALERY!>>

As compensation for his losses, the King Charles VII put him in charge of the waters and forests of the kingdom in 1424. In 1429, he was wounded at Orleans when that city was saved by Joan of Arc. Plague and famine were ravaging France. William distributed food to his soldiers, the inhabitants of Compiegne and Soissons, and his vassals in Gamaches-en-Vexin and Plessis. He was more of a father than the master. He married Marguerite de Corbie, the niece of Arnaud de Corbie, Chancellor of France. There were two daughters from that marriage, Blanche and Jacqueline. In 1441, he was killed by Henri de Cler, English knight. (Ref: The Origin of the Gamaches of Berry and the Gamaches under the reigns of Charles VII and Louis XI).

The Gamache family coat of arms: Gold on a Blue Shield.

The Knights of Gamaches

The Knights of Gamaches were involved in the Hundred Years War (1337 - 1453)

William I, knight, adviser and chamberlain of Charles VI. In 1356, William was at Breteuil. In 1397, he reviews, at Compiegne, 23 grooms and 500 knights who march under its banner.

William II, born in Plessis. The dauphin (future Charles VII) asks William to assassinate John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy. (The origin of the war between the Armagnacs and Burgundians). The war ended by the Treaty of Arras in 1435.

William responded to the Dauphin: <<I would rather expose myself to the displeasure of Dauphin, than sully my hands with an assassination.>>

And when the prince reproaches him for having refused to join in perpetrating this assassination, he replied with pride: "I will fight my enemies but only when those enemies are armies.”

This response, far from offending the Dauphin, redoubled his esteem.

The murder was committed, September 10, 1419, on the deck of Montereau (Burgundy) by Tanneguy Chatel, one of the leaders of the Armagnacs.

Jean de Gamaches brother Gulllaume

In 1429, Jean accompanies Joan of Arc to Orléans. John was impressed by the mastery that a single woman of a single state had on so many knights and the arrogance that she used in dealing with them. At the time of war, the maid is

injured and falls from her horse almost unconscious. She defends with great courage. Jean comes to the rescue. He kills numerous enemies with his ax and saves her; she gives him one of her horses, saying: "Accept this gift, brave knight, without remorse. I admit my mistake and owe my life to you. "

Joan of Arc: "There is great harm to keep resentment, a knight’s life learned so well. "(Ref. Plutarch French)

Berry

Gilles de Gamaches received from King Charles VII more land in Berry and in Bourbonnais, according to letters written in Bourges, November 16, 1423. At this time, the family of Gamaches is known and respected in France. In one collection, we find: "The House of Gamaches provided countless services to the state since the earliest times, resulting in bonuses and rewards being awarded from the Kings of France. "(Ref. Dictionairre of Nobility)

The Coat of Arms

Gamaches (de) Vexin - then BerryArgent, under an Azure top

Slogan:Let there be no frictionLater: That no one attacks me

War cry: Gamaches! Saint-Valery!

Hugh Gamaches, was a crusader in 1096, whose name and arms are in the Crusades room of Versailles Palace.

Two gold leopards, one above the other, with contrasting nails and tongue.

Slogan: The two are equal and even superior to three

In 1066, during the conquest of England, the Gamaches of Saint-Valery bore these arms.

Personal Seals

We count and catalogue twenty-three seals

Gamaches, Matthew - Vexin - 1190Seal round, 40 mm .-Equestrian. Round helmet, chain mail hauberk or enveloping the entire back of the head and leaving the face exposed, and the coat of arms floating down very low, the shield protected the chest. (Although a crude drawing, it appears to be in motion)

Seal of Mathei of Gamacis

Gamaches, Guillaume de

Knight, Chamberlain and Master of Hunting the King.

Seal round, 30 mm.

Shield with a head bent, stamped with no helmet crowned lion in flight supported by two angels.

The salt that seasons the meat - May 14, 1411.

Seals

Renaud de Saint-Valery-sur-Somme. v. 1160In the 10th century, are references to Gamaches Renaud. (See genealogy, pp. 21-22)

Bernard Seigneur de Saint-Valery-sur-Somme in 1181Bernard carries the two leopards, later attributed to Normandy.

 Chapter II - France

Map

Bréval

Nicolas

St. Illiers-la-Ville

The Gamacherie

Why come to New Francee

Of Agreement

Departure for New France

The crossing

 

Map - Bréval - St. Illiers-la-Ville

Bréval: 3 km to Illiers-la-Ville,16 km west of Mantes-la-JolieRegion Ile de France - 60 km from ParisDepartment of Yvelines (78) 

Bréval

The town of Bréval boasts a rich history. In the time of the Gauls, it is founded by the Carnutes. In the tenth century, is part of the department of Madrie and subject to the diocese of Chartres.

Bréval has a beautiful forest, necessary for everyday life. This forest provides firewood and timber. The residents are peasants and loggers. Livestock feed in the forest and the vast wetlands. In its history, Bréval has experienced numerous invasions and epidemics but despite the storms of time, it has always survived by its tenacity and courage.

Today Bréval has become a modern town, engaged in a movement of renovation and expansion of economic and social values. Bréval is an oasis of peace.

Another fact which illustrates the importance of the Bréval branch of the family Gamache: on the Bréval church bell, we can read the entry of a baptism:

"The year 1668, there is blessed by Mr. Etienne Bouret, rector and parish priest, Mary Genevieve, for the high and mighty Lord Marquis de Gamache, Knight of the Order of the King and for lady Portia Genevieve, wife of Sir Bonaventure Harlay, Knight of the Marquis de Bréval, representatives of his majesty, the Marquis de Bréval, her godparents. For the time being, witnesses by churchwardens Sir John and Martin Allorge Roulland provost of Charity, Peter Lawrence, Alderman and Francis BIGAULT.”

We do not know the date of the appearance of the name Gamache at Bréval. For the record, we know that Gamache became very numerous. We do not know, however, the date of their departure for other regions of France. A demographic study was conducted in 1994. Thereare about 300 Gamaches in France.

Beginning in the seventeenth century by Nicolas Gamache, father of our ancestor

First marriage

Nicolas Gamache Sr. Michelle Potel: we do not find the certificate of the first marriage. From this union a son, Jacques, was born about 1626. Again, we do not find his birth certificate.

Second marriage, July 9, 1629

Nicolas Gamache Sr. to Jacqueline Cadot

"On the ninth day of July, one thousand six hundred twenty-nine, told me Bréval priest. In Bréval year and a day after DeSUS proclamations made by three days

of the Sunday parish Masses advocate for the marriage of Nicolas Gamache, son of William of the parish and told Bréval Jacqueline Cadot, daughter of Jean Cadoret, the ainay Parish of St. Hilier the City which end above me referred to as cure if ay delivray certificate to complete and accomplish the dict marriage

Children

Genevieve, born October 13, 1636

Baptismal certificate

"The thirteenth day of October has been named Genevieve after the marriage of Nicolas de Lamare and (the mother's name is not mentioned) his father and mother named by Miss Genevieve Fortia, Sieur de Plessis in the presence of François Dechesne, squire "

Nicolas, son, born April 17, 1639

Baptismal certificate

"The said day and year first above was baptized Nicolas de Lamare of the marriage of Nicolas de Lamare and Jacqueline Cadot his father and mother appoints François de Saint-Pol, son, Robert, squire en las presence of Marguerite Enox"

The font Bréval

The bell Bréval

This bell is decorated with two allegorical figures in honor of the Virgin

It bears the inscription of a baptism (see page 34)

Nicolas

This name means:

"Winner of the people" - "Victory of the people"

Spring is déjàarrivé. The temperature warms. We are April 17, 1639, and in recent hours, Jacqueline prepares for childbirth. Whole house looks. The midwife is activated and, finally, the screams of children echo throughout the house. It is a beautiful boy, healthy and robust. It weighs about three kilograms. Parents réjoussent. We can imagine the party. Genevieve has been three years, she is

happy and delighted. Jacques, 13, a little shy, looking at his half-brother a little indifferent. Relatives and friends come to admire this beautiful baby. All are preparing for baptism. The newborn receives the name of Nicolas.

The first years of his life, he remains close to his mother. Nicolas becoming more playful. It grows rapidly, it has beautiful wavy brown hair and hazel eyes.

Nicolas loves animals and weary quiet of the forest. Jacques and his father introduced him to the work of the farm and teach him the rudiments of the hunt. Nicolas overflowing with happiness. His mother taught him good manners, respect for religion, and gives some basic French and mathematics. Life unfolds simply.

Nicolas Sr. enjoys a good employee, according to the chronological record of Sir Andrew Chapel, Bréval.

May 10, 1637, on the birth certificate of John Legrand, is appointed by Nicolas Delamare recipient of this marquis. Years pass and Nicolas, the son, grew up in a calm and serene.

Now, Nicolas, son, is about 1, 54 meter, it is slim and tanned skin. Is is distinguished by its friendly and resourceful again, he loves challenges. His great passion: "The Hunt"

St. Illiers-la-Ville

The etymology of St. Illiers-la-Ville - in three words "Villa Sancti Islares"

St. Illiers-la-Ville has its roots far back in time. It is situated in the country dating back to the Merovingians Madre. In the eighth century, the Benedictines of Saint-Germain-des-Pres decide to evangelize that region.

The area of this county reached 648 hectares. The peasants live off the land. The land is flat, chalky soil and humid climate. Main crops: oats, wheat, beets, potatoes, etc.. The country is full of game: pheasant, partridge, rabbit, boar and deer. The construction of the first school day of 1771. A castle was built there in the eighteenth century, the castle was nicknamed "the beautiful waters."

This town lies north-western district of Mantes-la-Jolie and southwest of Canton Bonnières. His entourage consists of Commons Bréval, St. Illiers-le-Bois, Lommoye, Rosny, Boissy-Mauvoisin and Perdreauville.

 St. Illier-la-Ville: A church exceptional

The church of St. Illiers-la-Ville is the only church las Montois that is still half-timbered. This technique was used by the Merovingians and the Carolingians to build their houses from the sixth century. It is a magnificent monument, its design and its ancient statuary quality.

The records religions St. Illiers-la-Ville beginning in 1669. This town still retains its charm, its beauty and charm of yesteryear.

The Gamacherie

The Gamacherie are in the town of Saint-Illiers-la-Ville. Today, this town is part of Bréval.

The Gamacherie are French and the late expression generally used to designate a place named after the family that occupies it. This detail is proof of the existence of an ancient and extended family Gamache St. Illiers-la-Ville.

The vast Gamacherie - means between two woodEarly Gamacherie - means no breakthrough in the wood

Why come Novelle France?

We are in the year 1652. In France, civil war, known as the "Fronde" (1648-1652). It begins with the revolt against Mazarin during the minority of Louis XIV, caused by the rising unpopularity of the minister and his financial demands. It is a time of poverty, difficult living conditions and political and religious situation unstable.

Panic sets in the family Gamache. France is suffering terribly, the people are désperéré. Nicolas, father, decides to emigrate children in New France to protect the civil war and famine.

How do children react to the decision of their father? They are discovering the confusion, fear of adventure and of leaving their loved ones. Nicolas Sr., has not taken this decision lightly. For Nicolas, son, everything changes: from early adolescence, he is suddenly responsible adult status. Fortunately, their parents had taught love of life, work, mutual aid, self-confidence and taught them to always have hope in life. Because he received from his parents a good education, Nicolas, son, demonstrated a rational mind. It is demanding, dynamic and loyal, and does well in all his projects. Jacques, the eldest son is 26 years old, he's learned. Genevieve is 16 and Nicolas 13. 

Of Agreement

Persons wishing to settle in New France must sign an employment contract of three years. This is a contract by which the easement involved, whose services are retained by a religious community, a company of merchants or by a recruiting agent, binds to three years, hence its nickname " thirty-six months. He who pays the recruits return trip, gives a cash advance and agrees to feed, clothe and shelter to the initiated.

In term three years, many involved returning to France. Those who want to stay in the colony received a free land to clear. The system aims to expedite the settlement of New France.

Nicolas, father, Jacques, Nicolas, son, and Genevieve are enrolled in Orleans. This is no bunker where they met with a recruiter, which made them believe in a simple and quiet life in a new country. We found no contract of employment. It may be that Nicolas had the money to pay for the trip.

Departure for New France

According to the Catalogue of immigrants Marcel Trudel, four people called "Gamache said Lamare" came to Quebec: Nicolas, father, Jacques, Nicolas, son, and Genevieve (5)

In 1652, four ships left for New France. The first two of Rouen, the first is commanded by Captain John Pointel, arrived June 23 in Quebec and the second ship commanded by Captain John Chicken August 31. The other two ships set out from La Rochelle, "Le Petit-Saint-Jean and Passemoy of Hornen.

Departure, probably from La Rochelle, held in early summer. People gather to prepare for this journey nearly three months. The day comes, we sing a mass for important divine protection. The day before they load their goods: clothing, tools, furniture, books, muskets and the bunch of Genevieve.

The sea journey

After weeks at sea, the vessel arrived near Newfoundland, enters the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Strait Honguedo, passing between Gaspé and Anticosti Ȋle, toward the St. Lawrence River .

The newspaper reported that the Jesuits June 23, 1652, the ship's captain ran aground at the John Pointel Ȋle Magdalen. The Crossing

The Atlantic crossing proved less eventful than expected. There is still some discomfort. In calm weather when fishing is good, you can feast on fish, which

changes of salted meat. In the morning, Nicolas, son, is the first on deck. He looks forward to the dawning day. The sun looks from afar by lines of fire. The horizon appears in flames. Finally, a shining point in a flash. The sun shines. What a sight! Despite the hardships (food, water, confined space), Nicolas is happy. Ç withdraws into a corner boat to dream about its future. In the evening, another phenomenon attracts attention. The sun sinks bravely into the night. Appear smooth the moon and stars to guide the boat and reassure passengers. The trip comes to an end. Sailing up the St. Lawrence River, the eye Nicolas explores north coast and the south bank of the river to Quebec.

 Chapter III

New France (Quebec)

The big day has arrived. Quebec! Quebec!

Genevieve

A look at the life of Jacques

 The big day has arrived. Quebec! Quebec!

Quebec is divided into upper and lower towns. Pierre Du Gua de Mons, Samuel de Champlain gave the mandate to found Quebec. 3 July 1608, he established a trading post for fur trade. Lower Town is home to Quebec.

It's the end of summer. What happiness! It's sunny. It sets foot on land. A warm welcome awaits the adventurous traveler. They spent a few days in Quebec City, to rest. Then they head to the Cote de Beaupre, the cradle of rural Quebec. Côte-de-Beaupré is one of the most important of our past. Sou French rule, this region was among the first to be colonized, after Quebec. Around 1652, Côte-de-Beaupre has about seven hundred inhabitants.

Genevieve

Genevieve is a young girl calm, warm and welcoming. Upon arriving in Chateau-Richer, Jennifer noticed a young man different. Ç seems friendly and charming Julien Fortin dit Bellefontaine, son of Julien Fortin and Marie Lavy, Notre-Dame-de-Vair, (today - Saint-Cosme-de-Vair). Occupation: butcher. Julian is pleased to know Genevieve. Ç is time to start a family. A few weeks later came the marriage proposal.

The marriage contract of Julien Fortin and Geneviève is dated October 23, 1652 (6) Nicolas Sr., his signature, which suggests that it is, for the time, a man of

culture and educated.

The Reverend Father Paul Ragueneau famous marriage, November 11, 1652 at St. Joachim in Cape Tourmente in the house of Oliver Letardif, "Housing Toussaint." The Reverend Father Jesuit Ragueneau is superior and vicar of the Archbishop of Rouen.

"On November 11 after sixteen hundred and fifty-two made two banns published on 28 October and 3 November and the relief obtained from third, did not find any hindrance the rp ragueneau higher missions the Jesuits in this country, and vicar of the Archbishop of Rouen interviewed Julien Fortin Julien son and heir and marries lavie defunct parish our lady of the verdi évesché mans of one hand and daughter of Nicolas Gamache Geneviève Gamache said the pond and jacqueline cadot of the parish of St. Illiers evesche the city of Chartres in Beausse other which have given their mutual consent by word of this he solemnly telling the married Mass Cape of torment; witness presence known. Sieur Le Tardif, Louys Gangnier Claude Auber

Nicolas, father: "They give into hate, furniture and clothes, according to their state and conditions up to the sum of 200 pounds and will feed for two more years espoux future which will be required to serve during that time for which service, Father espouze the future will give them each year by one hundred and fifty pounds. "

Julien Fortin has been a land of five acres in front by a mile and a half deep in the future parish of Sainte-Anne. This land was bought, December 26, 1650, (8) Olivier Letardif, Attorney General and Special Company Beaupre. Olivier Letardif owns two farms, "St. Charles" and "Saints." Early settlers live in these two farms during the three-year commitment. Julien is now working his land safe for two years. His house is built. Nicolas, father, Jacques and Nicolas, the son, lived with Jennifer and Julian, thereby clearing the land more quickly. Nicolas, father, remains in New France during the first two years. Then he left again for France. Then comes the time to expand the family: four girls and eight boys born. Genevieve deeply involved in housework, yard work, child rearing, in addition to live in anxiety of a possible attack by Indians. Occasionally, the group is obliged to leave Cape Tourmente to stay in Chateau-Richer. So goes life on the Cote de Beaupre, full of surprises! Julien and Genevieve cleared their land. Julian is head and cap. Years pass, children deviennnent adults. November 21, 1687, Julian left this earth for a better world. He was buried in Staint Joachim. Genevieve retires to his son Charles at L'Islet. She died after a brief illness, November 5, 1709. at the age of 73. Sone funerals celebrated in the church of Notre-Dame-du-de-Bonsecours, L'Islet. His descendants, very numerous, are found mainly in the region of L'Islet. "The godmother of Genevieve Genevieve is Portia, wife of Francis Bonaventure Harlay, Marquis Bréval. His brother, Msgr. Francis Harlay Champvallon is the archbishop of Paris. "

A look at the life of Jacques

Jacques is single. On June 25, 1656, Jean de Lauzon, Attorney Company Beaupre, Louis Houde authorized to sell its concession to Jacques Gamache, June 29, 1656. (9) This is a land with four acres of the front sr River in Sainte-Anne-du-Petit-Cap. This land is located near Rivière-aux-Dogs and Côte de Beaupré and lordship. The sale price is three hundred pounds. The receipt was signed August 15, 1661. On 28 December 1659, he witnessed the sale agreement Poullain Julien Mercier and Marie, his wife to Peter Maufils. He signed the contract of sale of Stephen Bellinier said Prince John Poullain, January 21, 1667.

Jacque Gamache sign of how flexible and elegant. We note firoitures Multiple items, the mark of an educated person. We find the names of the parents of Jacques. (Nicolas Potel Gamache and Michelle), the certificate of confirmation, 2 February 1660, the church of La-Visitation-de-Notre-Dame de Chateau-Richer. (10)

A brief history of Sainte-Anne-du-Petit-Cap

In 1678, Côte-de-Beaupre is divided into three parishes canonical Chateau-Richer, L'Ange-Gardien, Sainte-Anne-du-Petit-Cap (now Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré). On 28 July of each year, the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré attracts thousands of pilgrims. In addition, St. Anne is patroness of Native Americans. Côte-de-Beaupre is experiencing a rapid growth of its population. Between 1662 and 1668. Msgr. Francois de Montmorency-Laval buys all the shares of the Company Beapré old. The people become the census of the Quebec Seminary. Jacques Gamache census and nour find his name in the accounts of the Seminar. (11) We note the narrowness of the land. It is not wise to move away from its neighbors. Many are the dangers of skirmishes with the Indians. (12)

Censuses

In the census of Canada's population in 1663 Jacques appears as follows: Male sex, marital status,? aged 37, originally from Orleans and owner of 504 acres in censive. In the census of 17 April 1667. He has 41 years, has a domestic Bartelemy, 23, and six acres of land. In the census of 14 novembre1681, Jacques has 55 years and owns four acres of land. (13)

Transactions

January 10, 1671, Jacques sells half of his land to the south-west, Sauvin Francis said Rose, master carpenter of the ship for the sum of 50 pounds. (14) April 9, 1680, Jacques sign a bond to Mary and François Baril Sauvin Larose said, her husband. (15) 22 August 1681, Jacques sells half of his land to the north-east, Francis Sauvin. (16)

In the records of the Provost of Quebec, Jacques Gamache is quoted twice:19 January 1672 and August 19, 1681"On January 19, 1672-D.françois Hazeur the sr dr por THE MOTE Allee Jacques Lamarre said GAMACHE sƒ of Sƒ assigned by Explt dud. BECQ hr in date from the 13th of this month to reconnoiter? Her breast at the bottom of His promise to 25th october 1665 Reconneue, sentenced to pay 18s 6d with deSpens 17lt. Translation - by Guy Perron "

Jacques is a witness to marriages following:15 June 1656, Jean and Marie Caron LepicardFebruary 20, 1667, John and Louise Paré PoullainOn June 5, 1667, Charles Pouliot and Françoise MeunierFebruary 6, 1669, Pierre Gagnon and Barbe FortinOn 9 November 1676, Nicolas Gamache and Elisabeth Ursule CloutierNovember 10, 1681, Charles Fortin and Sainte Cloutier11 November 1681, Pascal Mercier Anne Cloutier

We believe that Jacques Gamache died either of old age or following epidemics occurred in the late seventeenth century and early eighteenth century: in 1687, measles in 1702, the smallpox (variola). These diseases have been memorable for the country's history. 

Chapter IV

Part One - Château-Richer

The life of Nicolas

The intendant Jean Talon

A day of hunting

Certificate of "hunter"

The concession - Gamache / Bellavance

Plan seingeurial

Departure

 

The life of Nicolas - Château-Richer

Nicolas Gamache in 1653, we see a person in Québec of the name that is named "Lamare" for nickname. We also have his brother with the same nickname. Ref: PG Roy, historical research bulletin 15-16 - 1909-10, vol. XV, March 1909, no. 3, p. 87

January 18, 1659, Nicolas Gamache is witnessing a release by Julien Fortin and Geneviève Gamache Crevet Mary, widow of the late Robert Caron. (18)

We found for the first time the signature of Nicolas Gamache at the bottom of a notary deed dated 9 September 1662, following a requirement of 23 September 1657 Jean Robert Plant Anest. (19)

The signature of Nicolas, son, lack of insurance, it has not the finesse of his father Nicolas or his half-brother Jacques. Nicolas is sponsoring for the first time, April 8, 1662, at Chateau-Richer, the baptism of Genevieve, daughter of Julien Fortin and Geneviève Gamache. (20) Unfortunately, Nicolas is not there. Is he already left for the hunt or work there in the fields? Nicolas will again sponsor September 12, 1664, to Nicolas Letoutre, himself son of Mary and Nicolas Letoutre Gagnier. (21) On 17 April 1667, godfather was Nicolas Julien Fortin, son of Julien Fortin and Geneviève Gamache. (22)

In the register of the population of Canada in 1663, written by Marcel Trudel, we find the name of Jacques and Geneviève. No trace of Nicolas.

The intendant Jean Talon

Hope for the colony: Jean Talon was appointed by Louis XIV. He began the development of Canada. Jean Talon is the most powerful lèhomme of New France, by the number, scope and extent of his powers. Jean Talon acts as steward of justice, police and finance. He developed agriculture so that the colony is sufficient in itself. He introduced the cultivation of hemp, flax and barley. In 1668. it increases the number of horned cattle, horses and plows. He brought in settlers. He encouraged the marriage of men from their eighteenth year and girls from their fourteenth year. It did pay extra taxes for single people. Upon his arrival in New France, Jean Talon holds its services of Nicolas Gamache as a fighter for the colony. In 1666, thanks to the performances of Jean Talon, the Community of Inhabitants frees the fur trade and commerce with France. Nicolas is a hunter and fur trader. Censuses spring of 1666 and autumn of 1667, Nicolas is not on las list. We think he is hunting. January 13, 1670, Julien Fortin takes the

two acres and two rods of land Nicolas Huot. He sells to Nicolas, his step-brother. He added that this donation is not enough "two oxen wise four years in two years of spring and a cash cow for the reward of sentencing, and work on the farm. (24) The same day, Nicolas gives this land to David Estourneau who sells a land of three acres of frontage to St. Joachim and adding the sum of 400 pounds. (25)

On June 4, 1672 - The future concessions

An extract from records of the State Council (1627-1756) "His Majesty further Ordered that the said Sieur Talon will land concessions that have been entrenched ainsy again inhabitants, provided however that they will clear them completely in the first four years and consecutive otherwise and because of this, and said pafled time, say the concessions will remain zero "signed Colbert (Jean-Baptiste Colbert)

A day of hunting for Nicolas

At Chateau-Richer, Nocolas hunting to feed the family. It hunting on the land of Julien Fortin and perhaps also to the Isle of Orleans. He deepened his hunting technique with Indian friends. He became an expert. Nicolas is dressed in buckskins. He loves to chase the hare, duck and deer with his musket. This trap beaver, fox and muskrat, for the trade of New France. In 1663, the beaver is selling 4 francs and serves as a bargaining chip.

Here are some methods of killing

- Allow hiding, the coming game.- Attract the game, using decoys, (cry of the animal).- Traps or traps.- By a discrete approach.- The courts - track the animal.

Certificate <<chasseur>>

On 9 November 1672, Nicolas Gamache receives a certificate of the intendant Jean Talon for services rendered."We certify that to lous apparlient that Nicolas Gamache after us well and faithfully served as a fighter for several years. We have allowed him to retire to his home or elsewhere will find it to be good; further certify that he has given us great satisfaction of its freezes and his fidelity, in witness whereof we have signed this, that has affixed the seal of our arms and not countersign Our secretary Quebec, 0 November 1672.>>Talon by Monsignor Varner (Phillippe Oarnier)

Cover: Denis Gamache, trapper

In 1999, a raccoon skin Canada is ranked one of the best in the sale by auction of the Fur North America.Nicolas Denis would be proud of. Our ancestor has left footprints that neither time nor forgetfulness can not erase.

The concession - Gamache / Bellavance

On November 3, 1672, deed of concession to Cape St. Ignatius of lordship given to Gamache and Ballavance-Belleavance by Intendant Jean Talon.

The concession - Gamache / Bellavance

On November 3, 1672, deed of concession to Cape St. Ignatius of lordship given to Gamache and Ballavance-Belleavance by Intendant Jean Talon.

<<D'une League half a league of land on depth to take on the river SAINT-LAUR since the grant to Lady Amyot, to that of the Sieur Fournier>>.(1 mile: 84 acres - 3.1 miles - 4.99 km)

During distribution concessions, Nicolas is he clearing conditions too demanding for one person? We ignore the agreements between Gamache / Bellavance.

Who is Bellavance-Belleavance? (Louis Gasnier - Ganier - Gangnier - Gagnier said Bellavance - Belleavance).

The lordships of Cap-Saint-Ignace in 1672

I - Vincelotte: Genevieve Chavigny, widow of Charles Amiot.

II - Gamache / Belleavance

I - Guillemette Hebert - May 12, 1677

IV - St. Joseph or the Pointe-aux-fever: Guillaume Fournier

V - St. Clair René Lepage - March 17, 1693

Gamache and BellavanceBellavanceAs a concession to lacteous annexed following

<<Jean Talon adviser Roy's estate and private boards of Intendant of the Police and Justice Finance in the new France Isle of Newfoundland Acadia and other countries of France septentrionalle. To all who these presents shall know how to

do that under Hi the power given to us by His Majesty. We have been granted and conceded. Give and give and concede to Belleavance Gamache. Half a league of land on a deep league to take on the St. Lawrence from the grant to the Maiden Amiot, pulling one of Sr. Fornier. To enjoy ditte land fief and manor, their heirs and assigns them a burden because of the faith and honor that the said Gamache Bellavance and their heirs and assigns case will be held at the castle of St. Louis of Quebec where they will report to droicts and charges and accustomed to the desire of the custom of Prevost and the viscount of Paris to be followed in this regard by provisions and pending in quil be ordered by His Majesty the load quila continue to hold or to take up residence on the Ditte lordship and that he stipulleront in contracts will have their tenants quil quil be required to reside within a year and take up residence on the grant or concession quila accodé and have four to do so because they return to plain droict in possession of dittes land. Gamache said that Belleavance and retain the timber oaks that hole on the land which will be reserved for their main mansion, Even quila of the reservation will be called oaks in lestendue special concessions made to or with their tenants, who will own a construction vaisseuaux Similarly quila incessantly give notice to the King or the Indian company royalle occidentalle mines or mining minerals sy Some are in the expanse of said feud. And the charge of leaving the paths or passages necessary. All under the good pleasure of His Majesty, which they will have to take the confirmation of these presents the day in a year dicelles. In temoing wherewith we have signed these presents and hereunto affix the seal of our arms, and countersigned by Secretary of our Quebec, this November 3, 1672. "

<signatures>

Seigneurial

The origin of the seigneurial system dates back to feudalism (Middle Ages). This is a military regime that has a military service obligation, the census to his lord and the latter to his overlord.

The seigneurial system was introduced in 1672 in New France by Compagnie des Cent-Associés.• The Lord must populate his lordship• It must build and operate his grist mill• It must build and maintain roads• It must preserve the oak for the lord proprietor• Each year, the Lord shall appear before the governor to <<render homage> and faith. "

The privileges of the lord• Enjoys a field on his lordship• At church, he was the first bench side of the gospel and precedence in processions, it incenses the first and it is the first to receive the blessed bread.

The duties of census• Payment of Franchise and annuities: this is a small fee, pennies per acre, payable in cash or in kind or capons.

Lods and sales• This tax is twelve per cent of sale price.

 Banality of the mill• The tenant has to grind his grain mill and the Lord keeps the fourteenth bushel grain milled.

Chores• The tenant must give certain days of drudgery, that is to say a few days of work on behalf of the lord.

Fishing and Hunting• The tenant has the right to fish and hunt for sustenance.

Departure

Nicolas decided to leave the Chateau-Richer, where he lived for 20 years, moving to Cape St. Ignatius. He is 33 years old and unmarried. As for Bellavance (Louis Gasnier), aged 29 and unmarried. We see all the joy that departure for Cape St. Ignatius. For him independence. He loves life difficult and dangerous. One can imagine the commotion in Chateau-Richer at the news of such a departure.

Do not forget

Clothing, provisions, muskets, everything to live for several months. We are in the winter of 1672-1673. The only way to get to Cape St. Ignatius from Chateau-Richer, that crossing the St. Lawrence River. On a beautiful day of November 1672, Nicolas and his friends are equipped with bark canoes, along Orléeans Island, passes between the au Ruau Island (Ile-aux-Ruaux) and Isle Madame, and then around Grosse Ile. Ile-aux-Grues is the last landmark before his goal. Suddenly, the panorama of Cape St. Ignatius, the foreign land will become land of freedom. The crossing lasted several hours. The arrival is near the small cap and small Islet or rock Ilette.

The crossing of Chateau-Richer in Cap-Saint-Ignace (insert map)

 Chapter V

Part Two - Cape St. Ignatius

Saint-Ignace Cap-Saint-Ignace

Nicolas enlarges his lordship

Justice

Nicolas Gamache - Elizabeth Ursule Cloutier

Sketch - Nicolas and Elizabeth Ursult

Marriage

A moment in las life of Nicolas and Elizabeth Ursula

Sharing the lordship

Delineation of the parish in 1721

Death

Exhumation

The identification of tombs - 2002

Tombstone - Cap-Saint-Ignace

Saint-Ignace Cap-Saint-Ignace

Around 1641, Jean Bourdon, surveyor, engineer and attorney general of New France, has already identified the small cap on his cards.

Cape St. Ignatius first designates a small cape, located midway between Montmagny and L'Islet. This name was given by the Jesuits in honor of their founder Ignatius of Loyola.

The first inhabitants settled near the Petit-Cap, in 1672, The Small-Cap is a small rocky hill and conical.

Cape St. Ignatius located on the Cote-du-Sud, touristic region Chaudiere-Appalaches. Discover the history, culture québécoise, its nature and the magnificent St. Lawrence River. (Insert photo)

Nicolas and his friends settle in for the night in a makeshift shelter. They are

exhausted (insert picture).

The next day, the most urgent task is to prepare a shelter more comfortable. Several inches of snow covering the ground. During hunting trips, the Indians have learned to build a tent Nicolas.

The tent is made of fur skins and some good perch from 3.5 to 4.5 meters. A shelter that provides good protection against moisture and snow. You can do the cooking, eating and sleeping. The floor is covered with fir branches.

After a good night's rest, his friends return to Castle-Richer. (Insert picture of tent)

Our browser is stimulated to explore the idea of this concession. He dreams of wonderful days.

There is no road in this dense forest. The place is good for hunting. The land goes to the river and then goes up towards the south, in the foothills of Notre Dame who are part of the great chain of (Allegany) Appalachians. This ground seems fertile. There it flows parallel to the river a river. Today, this river is named <<Bras Saint-Nicolas>>. This river crosses the whole lordship of Nicolas. It's probably in his honor that this river that name. Bras Saint-Nicolas rises in the heights of the County of L'Islet, through the parishes of St. Cyril, St. Eugene, Cap St. Ignace and ends its long run in the Rivière-du-Sud Montmagny.

The first winter

In early October the first flakes of falling snow. The winter season is a long and arduous, with an average 350 cm of snow. The temperature is maintained at about -20 C. By contrast, spring, summer and autumn seem both shorter and more enjoyable. Faced with the St. Lawrence River, the winter is harsh and cold shows deadliest threat everywhere and forever. Some days the sky is clear but the wind blows terribly northwest. Powder snow raised the river burst through and just pile up behind all the obstacles that cut the wind. The tent is well protected, but some days, the wind raging worries Nicolas. These days, it only comes out to fetch water and wood. He returned to the tent skin shredded by the cold wet snow crystals that melt in the heat of the blazing fire. Meanwhile, Nicolas imagine how much work lies ahead in the months to come. First, it's winter, and as time permits, you should cut back the trees to the forest. Nicolas prepares the plan of his house, log, piece by piece, one large room with a huge hearth. Nicolas is planning to build his house near the small cap.

Second, in the spring, it will clear some south to sow corn, wheat and vegetables. Nicolas is proud of his strength and endurance, enabling it to adapt to this new life.

The daily

• The alarm takes place around 4 o'clock.

Meals

• Breakfast is hearty, about 4 or 5 hours: bread, eggs and bacon.• Dinner from 10 am to 11 am the menu is varied: meat - fish - chicken - game - birds with broad beans and vegetables, dessert and a beverage.• Dinner is lighter, between 16 pm and 17 pm.• The bed at 20 o'clock at the latest.

Nicolas built his house in early May 1673Example A House at the time. <<insert Picture>>

The exterior of the house

A house built <<pièce on pièce>>. This is a house built in roughly squared logs with an ax in cutting off, stacked one upon another, the interstices are botched clay and tow, the corners are dovetailed. There is a magnificent stone fireplace in the fields.

The interior of the house

The flooring consists of tongue and groove planks with an ax, lighting is by candles of tallow, simply furnished home: A table, some chairs and a buffet.

The house consists of two parts

• The kitchen is the main and largest room of the house, that is where the fireplace where they cook the food.• A small bedroom with a mattress filled with straw or pine boughs.• Some utensils, forks, knives, cups and tin plates.• A kettle and an iron pot to make the hearth.

Nicolas and satisfied with his home. A peaceful place where he lives alone for a few years.

Life goes on

3 June 1673, the testament of Louis Gasnier, has "a dwelling located in the manorIslets of said>> It is to Nicolas Gamache about thirteen pounds to run and carrysaid this will.Meanwhile, Julien Fortin sells the land of Nicolas Gamache Mathurin Gagnon,

January 16, 1674, This land is located in the parish of Sainte-Anne.

We find the name of Nicolas Gamache in the accounts of the Quebec Seminary. Nicolas Bazire Charles owes the sum of 21 pounds. Charles Bazire is an important man for the colony. He is a merchant, agent of the Company of the West Indies from 1664 to 1675 and recipient rights and areas of King in 1677.

Nicolas enlarges his lordship

On July 10, 1675, study Romain Becquet, Nicolas is a land grant by Mrs. Genevieve Chavigny lady of the manor of Vincelotte, widow of Charles Amyot, a citizen of Quebec City: "A concession ditte the Cape St. Ignatius in the lordship of ditte Vincelotte containing two hundred eighty acres of land planted with wood, in seven acres of frontage on the edge of the St. Lawrence River and forty acres of land bounded in DEEP for a Costa says lessee and autrecosté Pierre Richard a front end by the said River St. Laurant, and across the back line or the road that separates itself from the other DEEP land ditte Lordship this concession made by the Maiden of ditte Chavigny said Gamache>>.

More "Genevieve de las Chavigny reserves on the edge said Cape St. Ignatius, a tract of land reasonable and necessary in order to build a mill and a small house if necessary for the miller, with the right landing and n order to save and put all such buildings that will be needed in the coves and harbors that occur on both sides of the said Cap-Saint-Ignace>>.

Franchise rents and

"His heirs or assigns to pay for each year, on St. Martin Winter, the sum of fourteen pounds in silver coin and seven good fat capons, as seigniorial hundred and two floors for the entire said concession>>.

The contract was signed by Ms. Chavigny, Stephen Peloquin, Philippe Neveu, Nicolas Gamache and notary Becquet. <<insert Signatures>>

This concession leads to a lengthy trial between Nicolas Gamache and Madame de Chavigny. Nicolas refuses to pay the cens et rentes, arguing that the concession that `it is granted him beyond the bounds of the lordship of Vincelotte, and that` it is the beginning of the manor was granted to him by the intendant Jean Talon, November 3, 1672. Nicolas claimed all he had paid Ms. Chavigny. The latter, widow of Charles Amyot and remarried to Jean-Baptiste Couillard's Espanaye wins on all points. The field of seven arpents which includes the small cap is actually in the lordship of Vincelotte.

Summary Judgement

Judgement is rendered July 8, 1693 by M. Dupuy, Lieutenant General of the

Provost of Quebec.<<Tour and considered by law tells us that the seven acres of frontage land granted to the applicant by the said lady Chavigny must be part of Vincelotte. In doing orders that will put two lines parallel to the two terminals of said seven acres, to wit a south-west of Cape St. Ignatius between lands of the fief of L'Islet, and the said seven acres, which will separation of land called manors of L'Islet and Vincelotte, and the other north-eastern Cape said St. Ignatius, which separates those seven acres of land with other Vincelotte this prpenteur by this municipality will prepare a report, and that, moreover, that the plaintiff pay the defendant the hundred and manorial rents in accordance with that concession he hath past, July 10, 1675>>.August 12, 1697, Nicolas Gamache wins lawsuit against Joseph Amyot, Sieur deVincelotte.

Justice

Provost of Quebec: The Provost of Quebec is a court of first instance. It may hear all matters of justice, police, commerce and navigation, both civil and criminal. There are three cases registered in the name of Nicolas Gamache.

Sovereign Council: There are five judgments entered in the Sovereign Council of New France about Nicolas Gamache. The Sovereign Council is essentially a sovereign court of justice, charged in addition to his judicial duties properly, the registration of royal decrees.

Nicolas Gamache - Elizabeth Ursule Cloutier

Parents use to village festivals and family gatherings to allow boys and girls to meet. During one of these festivals in Chateau-Richer, well before leaving for Cape St. Ignatius, Nicolas had noticed a young girl named Elizabeth Ursula: beautiful and distinguished. This was the beginning of their courtship.

Charles Cloutier and his wife, Louise Morin, Nicolas Gamache know for many years. It is a good worker and has a stronghold. <`This is a good match for their daughter Elizabeth Ursule.>>.

The parents of Elizabeth Ursula invite Nicolas at home to know him even better. The marriage proposal is presented to the father of the bride. The engagement was short-lived. Sieur Charles Nicolas Cloutier and decide conventions of marriage.

Meanwhile, Elizabeth Ursula saw an intense period of work. Lingerie home occupies an important place in the life of a young girl, This can spend hours embroidering pieces of a keychain. Fortunately, the grandmother Cloutier (St. Dupont, wife of Zacharie Cloutier) encourages and participates in the work.

Nicolas GamacheElizabeth Ursule CloutierSketch(Insert picture)

Marriage

The parish priest for three consecutive Sundays announces the marriage of Nicolas Gamache Elizabeth Ursule Cloutier. We set the wedding date to November 9, 1676.

The marriage contract

The marriage contract is signed before a notary Paul Vachon. The contract mentions the names of spouses, their age, the names of their respective fathers and mothers, their place of origin, occupation or profession of the bridegroom. Dower, the preciput and a complete list of objects that each brings to the community. It provides us with the names of relatives and friends. Signture the contract gives rise to a big party.

Insert signatures of:Nicolas Gamache Elizabeth Ursule Cloutier, Louise Morin, Jacques Gamache, Fortin Eutache, Zacharie Cloutier, Barbe Fortin, Joseph Gaignon, Guillaume Thibault, (make-Jean Fortin), Jean-Francois Belanger, Louise Cloutier, Elizabeth Thibault, Vachon, notary, Margaret Martin and Marie Francois.

Elizabeth Ursule Cloutier

Birth Certificate: July 28, 1660

"The year of Our Lord one thousand six hundred and sixty days of the vingtneufvième Moyse July by me John Torcapel pastor in this Church has baptized este Elizabeth Ursule Cloutier, born the day before and faddle Charles Cloutier and his wife Louise Morin. The sponsor este Jean Baptiste Morin and wife Elizabeth Denys Boucher Guyon, sponsor>>.

He spent his childhood with his parents in Chateau-Richer. She learned very young to become an accomplished woman. Elizabeth Ursula is the eldest of 13 children (seven sisters and five brothers). Pretty girl, gentle, modest and pleasant character, she learns to read, write and calculate. She is also deeply respectful of the Christian religion. At the age of 16, she married Nicolas Gamache.

It embodies the comfort, the consistent support of the household, the partner to her husband and raising her children.

(25)

 

Departure

 Chapter V

Justice

Marriage

Death

The daily

Meals

Life goes on

Justice

Marriage

The ceremony

Reception

 

It's winter.

put

Chapter VI

 Chapter VII

Louis

F.

 

Louis

Nicolas

Jean-Baptiste

Augustine

Elizabeth

Anne

Genevieve

Marie

Pierre

Chapter VIII

Miscellaneous

Conclusion 

 

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9.

10.

11. pp.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21. Ibid.

22. Ibid.

23.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

Vol.Vol.Vol. IV.Vol. 118.Vol. 124.

34.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45. Ibid.

46. Ibid.

47.

48.

50.51.

52. II, p.

53. Ibid.

54.

55.

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•

•

•

•

•233.