French I-Unit 5 & 6 Grammar A. Definite/indefinite articles B. Negative of Un/une/Des C. Subject...
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Transcript of French I-Unit 5 & 6 Grammar A. Definite/indefinite articles B. Negative of Un/une/Des C. Subject...
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French I-Unit 5 & 6 Grammar
A. Definite/indefinite articles
B. Negative of Un/une/Des
C. Subject pronouns D. Contractions E. Jouer + À or De F. Possession with De
G. Possessive adjectives
H. Demonstrative Adjectives
I. Interrogative Adjectives
J. Stress pronouns
K. ER, IR, RE verbs
L. Questions + est-ce que
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Definite articles
Masc. Fem. Plur. Before vowel
THE THE THE THE
LE LA LES L’
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PAR EXEMPLE:
1.Le livre est ici. Le stylo n’est pas ici. 2.La montre est ici. La voiture n’est pas ici.3.Les livres et les montres sont ici. 4.L’arbre est ici. Les affiches sont ici.5. J’aime la pizza. (In English we drop the La/Le/Les --I like Pizza-but not in French)
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INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A, AN, SOME)
UN(Masc.)
A or An:
UNE(fem.)
A or An:
DES(Plur.)
Some:
Un livre violet
Une voiture violette
Des livres violets
Des voitures violettes
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Other things to note:
Before H:
Le/La becomes “L’”: L’herbe, l’heure
Les stays “Les”: Les herbes, les heures
Un/Une/Des does NOT change:
Un habitant, Une histoire, Des haricots verts
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PAS DE!
In a negative sentence, however, the Un, Une and Des become De (d’) after PAS!
Ex.: J’ai un ordinateur mais ma soeur n’a pas d’ordinateur.
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ENCORE DE “PAS DE”╩
J’ai des amis en France. Je n’ai pas d’amis ici. J’ai des haricots ici, mais je n’ai pas d’haricots verts. J’ai un livre, mais je n’ai pas de stylos!
AFTER PAS USE De or D’!!!
YOU NEVER SAY: “ PAS +UN +UNE+DES” (Except with ÊTRE) to see examples…..
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THE EXCEPTION WITH “PAS DE”
The only exception is when you use ÊTRE
1. C’est un ordinateur? Oui, c’est un ordinateur, ce n’est pas un baladeur! (Is it a computer? Yes, it’s a computer, it’s not a CD player)
2.Ce sont des chaussures? Oui, ce sont des chaussures, ce ne sont pas des chaussettes!
(Are those some shoes? Yes, these are some shoes, they’re not some socks)
NOTE! IT DOES NOT CHANGE TO PAS DE OR PAS D’ WHEN YOU USE AN ETRE VERB …est…sont…es…etc.
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FRENCH CONTRACTIONS! The only contractions you must know!!!
À + Le= AU (to the) À + Les = AUX (to the)De + Le= DU (from the)De + Les= DES (from the)
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BUT…..THERE ARE NO CONTRACTIONS….
With À + La or À + L’ With De + La or With De + L’ EXAMPLE: Ce weekend, Je vais
aller à l’église et Je vais aller à la plage.
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Par example: (Fem. Words don’t use the contraction)
La maisonVoici la maison Je vais à la maisonJe parle de la maison.
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What about L’?(with Vowels) NO contraction is used!
L’hôpitalVoici l’hôpital.Je vais à l’hôpital.Je parle de l’hôpital.
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BUT With MASCULINE words-YES!
Le café Voici le café. Je vais au café. (À + le) Je parle du café. (De + le) Je vais au stade et Je
parle du stade, je ne vais
pas au cinéma!
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With PLURAL words-YES!
À + LES=AUX De + LES= DES
Les magasins
NOTE!!!
Je vais aux magasins.(to the stores)Je viens des magasins.(from the stores)
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Now you try!
1. Je vais _________ plage. (F) TO
2. Je viens _________aéroport. FROM
3. Je vais __________restaurant.(M) TO
4. Je viens __________parc.(M) FROM
5. Je vais ___________gare.(F) TO
6. Je viens ___________lycée.(M) FROM
7. Je viens ____________plage. (F) FROM
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To PLAY or NOT TO PLAY?
JOUER + À + Le/La/Les for sports/games: (make contractions!)
Je joue au football.(A + le) Elle joue aux cartes.(A + les)
JOUER + DE for musical instruments:Marc joue de la guitare. (De + la) Je joue
du piano.(De + le)
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Les instruments!
Masc.: le piano,le saxo(phone), le clavier (Key Board), le violon
Femin.:la flûte, la guitare,
la clarinette, la batterie (drums)
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Who owns it?
In English, we can say: It’s Luke’s car or Sophie’s book. BUT NOT IN FRENCH!!!
Voici la voiture de Luc. (“Here is the car of Luke”)
NEVER: Voici Luc’s voiture!! NON!!!!
SEE CORRECT WAY:C’est le livre de Sophie. (not Sophie’s livre)
(“It’s the book of Sophie”)
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Describing a noun….
In English we say:
It’s a tennis racket. The French say:C’est une raquette de tennis. NOT “une
tennis raquette!” NON! More examples:It’s a sports car: C’est une voiture de sport. A Spanish class: Une classe d’espagnol. A bathroom. Une salle de bains.
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Let’s try it!
1.A computer game:_______________________
2. Paul’s motorcycle:______________________
3. Alice’s birthday: ________________________
4. Marc has Sylvie’s guitar and Eric’s radio.
______________________________________
5. My history class is great!
______________________________________
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SUBJECT PRONOUNS! Pro’s to know!
SINGULAR1.I = JE
2. You= Tu
3.He,She= Il, ElleOne(We,They,
You,People)=ON
PLURAL1.We= NOUS
2.You-VOUS
3.They=Ils, ELLES
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STRESS PRONOUNS
Je=MOI Tu=TOIIl=LUIElle=ELLE
•Nous=NOUS•Vous=VOUS•Ils=EUX•Elles=ELLES
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What are STRESS pronouns for?
1. To reinforce or STRESS a subject pronoun:
MOI, Je parle anglais! (Me, I speak English!) 2. After C’est & ce n’est pas:C’est moi!(It’s me!) 3.In short sentences w/ no verb.Pas moi!(not me)
4. Before & after ET and OU. Marc & moi, nous sommes copains. Jean ou moi?
5. After De, Avec, Pour & Chez:
Je parle de toi. Il va avec moi. Je travaille pour lui. Je vais chez moi. (home, my place)
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Let’s practice!
1.Il travaille avec ________(them). 2._________, (Him), il habite en France! 3.Ce n’est pas ______(me). 4. Elles travaillent chez _____. (at home, their
place) 5. Ils travaillent pour _______.(them) 6. Étudies-tu chez ______? (Your place, home)
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Don’t stress out! More to try…
7.Elle ne dance pas avec _______ (him) 8. _______(Them), Ils voyagent souvent. 9. Qui vient? _______(Us!) 10. Qui parle anglais? _______(Me!) 11. Ils ne sont pas chez ________(home) 12. Je reste chez ________(home) ce
weekend. 13. Je voyage avec ______(them-M).
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Possessive adjectives
MY= MON, MA or MES Your= TON, TA or TESMon livre est ici. Est-ce que ton livre est ici?
Ma voiture est noire. Est-ce que ta voiture est noire?
MAKE IT AGREE WITH THE NEXT WORD!!!!
Mes chaussures sont blanches. Tes chaussures sont blanches aussi?
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HIS OR HERS?
Son, Sa, Ses = HIS, HER, (ITS)
MARIE PIERREC’est son sac (her bag) C’est son sac (his bag)C’est sa chaise (her chair) C’est sa chaise (his chair)C’est son chien (her dog) C’est son chien (his dog)Ce sont ses CD.(her CD’s) Ce sont ses CD (his CD’s)C’est sa soeur (her sister) C’est sa soeur (his sister)
WHAT MATTERS IS THE AGREEMENT OF THE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE & THE NEXT WORD!NOT WHO IS TALKING OR WHO IS THE SUBJECT/OWNER!
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Yours, theirs & ours. Not on test, but are on final exam!
Our=NOTRE, NOTRE, NOS (M, F, Pl)
1.Notre livre est ici, mais nos stylos ne sont pas ici!
Your=VOTRE, VOTRE, VOS (M, F, Pl)
2. Vos copains sont ici, mais votre prof n’est pas ici!
Their=LEUR, LEUR, LEURS (M,F,Pl)
3. Leur maison est grande et leurs voitures sont italiennes! Ils sont riches!
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THIS & THAT
Demonstrative adjectives are used to point out specific people or things. (Demonstrate)
In French, it must AGREE with the noun that follows! (AS ALWAYS!)
CE (CET)= THIS, THAT (Masc. and Masc.vowel)
CETTE=THIS, THAT (Fem.)
CES=THESE, THOSE (Vowel and vowel sound)
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FOR EXAMPLE: THIS/THESE
MASCULINE:Ce maillot de bain est jaune. (This swimsuit is yellow)
Cet imper est bleu. This raincoat is blue. Cet homme est bleu! This man is blue! FEMININE: Cette casquette est violette. Cette ceinture est bleue. PLURAL: Ces chapeaux sont noirs. Ces chaussures sont noires.
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Now you try…..
1.Regarde _________ CDs! (these) 2. Je vais acheter _________cravate. (This-F) 3. Tu voudrais ________ chapeau? (This-M) 4. J’adore ________ blousons. (These) 5. Il n’aime pas _____manteau. (This) 6. Elle aime ________ chaussures. (These)
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Interrogative adjectives-WHAT???
Quel(s) & Quelle(s)=WHICH OR WHAT AGAIN, You must agree with gender and
number with the word that comes next!
QUEL-Masc.Sing. QUELLE-Fem. QUELS-Masc. Plural QUELLES-Fem. Plur.
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Quelle heure est-il?
What time is it? Time to learn Quel, Quels, Quelle and Quelles!
Quel blouson aimes-tu? (M/Sing.)Quels blousons aimes-tu? (M/Plur.)Quelle chemise aimes-tu? (F/Sing)Quelles chemises aimes-tu? (F/Plur.)
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Your turn….
1.__________ casquette aimes-tu?2. __________livre aimes-tu?3. __________ films aimes-tu?4. __________chaussures aimes-
tu?5. ___________ classe aimes-tu?
BONNE CHANCE!
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“ER” VERBS
1. Aimer 9. Dîner
2. Aider 10. Écouter
3. Acheter 11. Étudier
4. Apporter 12. Gagner
5. Bavarder 13. Habiter
6. Chanter 14. Inviter
7. Danser 15. Jouer
8. Détester 16. Louer
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MORE “ER” Verbs
17. Manger 24. Prêter
18. Marcher 25.Regarder
19. Nager 26. Rester
20. Organiser 27. Rencontrer
21. Parler 28. Rentrer
22. Porter 29. Retrouver
23. Préparer 30. Travailler
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Last of the “ER” verbs….for now
31. Visiter
32. Voyager
Somethings weird about:
Manger: (add an “E”) for NOUS form:
Nous mangEons!
Acheter: (add correct accents-see R section)
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BONUS “ER” Verbs
1. Apporter 8. Fermer
2. Chercher 9. Garder
3. Coûter 10. Laver
4. Demander 11. Montrer
5. Donner 12. Oublier
6. Emprunter 13. Penser
7. Enseigner 14. Pleurer
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HOW DO THE “ER” Verbs WORK?
When one “Conjugates” a verb, one is putting it a subject with a verb-together correctly in the tense needed. In English, we say:
JE- I verb, am verbing, do verb TU-You verb, are verbing, do verbIL-He verbs, NOUS-We verb, VOUS-
You (all) verb, ILS-They verb etc.
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“ER” Verbs are conjugated like….
THIS! You take the whole verb (the infinitive----for ex.: Parler), and take off the “ER”. WHY? ‘Cuz it’s an ER Verb!!!!!
THEN,you add the following endings:
Je=E Nous=ONS
Tu=ES Vous=EZ
Il/elle/on=E Ils/Elles=ENT
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LET’S PRACTICE!
1.Je ___________(parler) anglais. Et toi?
2. Il ____________(regarder) la télé.
3. Nous_______________ (étudier)le français.
4. Vous _______________(manger) la pizza.
5. Ils __________________(habiter) en France.
6. Elle _________________(chanter) mal.
7. Tu _________________(aimer) les frites?
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ENOUGH “ER” VERBS! Now IR’s!
1. Choisir 8. Obéir/Desobéir
2. Finir 9. Nourrir
3. Maigrir 10. Punir
4. Réussir 11.Réfléchir
5. Bâtir 12. Remplir
6. Guérir 13. Réussir
7. Agir 14. Rougir
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HOW DO WE CONJUGATE “IR”S?
Take the full verb (the infinitive) minus the IR and add the correct endings.
Ex: Finir
FINIR- IR= FIN
Je - IS (Je finis) Nous-issons(Nous finissons)
Tu – IS (Tu finis) Vous-issez (Vous finissez)
Il- IT (Il, elle, on finit) Ils-issent (Ils finissent)
I finish, am finishing, do finish etc.
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Your turn again!
1. Je_____________ un livre. (choisir)
Translate:
2. Il _______________une maison. (bâtir)
Translate:
3. Elles _____________ les enfants. (nourrir)
Translate:
4. Tu _______________! (maigrir)
Translate:
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Now, here it is! The last of the “normal” verbs! RE’s!!!
With “RE” verbs, it’s the same method. Take the whole verb (the infinitive….like VENDRE-to sell) and take OFF the RE….Cuz it’s an RE verb!!! Then add the correct endings:
JE=S NOUS-ONSTU=S VOUS-EZIL=---- ILS-ENT
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HERE’S SOME “RE” VERBS!
1. Attendre 8. Répondre (à)
2. Défendre 9. Rompre
3. Descendre 10. Vendre
4. Entendre 11. Rendre visite à-to 5. Interrompre visit a person (not a place)
6. Perdre
7. Rendre
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Time to practice!
1. Je ___________ mon vélo.(vendre)
Translate:
2. Nous ____________ la prof. (entendre)
Translate:
3. Ils ______________ le bus (attendre)
Translate:
4. Tu _____________ton chien? (perdre)
Translate:
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COMMAND FORMATION
Tu, Vous and Nous are used.
ER verbs IR verbs RE verbs
(tu) PARLE! Speak! FINIS! (Finish) ATTENDS! (Wait)
(note-no “S”)
(vous) PARLEZ! FINISSEZ! ATTENDEZ!
(nous)PARLONS! FINISSONS! ATTENDONS!
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BUT WHAT IF YOU them to NOTDO SOMETHING?
ER VERBS IR VERBS RE VERBSTo a friend:NE PARLE PAS! NE FINIS PAS! N’ATTENDS PAS!
To be polite:NE PARLEZ PAS! NE FINISSEZ PAS! N’ATTENDEZ PAS!
To express “Let’s” do something:NE PARLONS PAS! NE FINISSONS PAS! N’ATTENDONS PAS!
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NOW MAKE SURE YOU KNOW….
ALL THE GRAMMAR, VERBS, and VOCABULARY FROM UNIT 5 & MOST of 6! IT’S TEST TIME! MAKE AN………..