French Baroque Architecture - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
5
VauxleVicomte near Paris, by Louis Le Vau and André Le Nôtre, 1661 Palais du Luxembourg in Paris, built between 1615 and 1620 French Baroque architecture From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia French Baroque architecture is the name given to the French architecture during the reigns of Louis XIII (1610–43), Louis XIV (1643–1715) and Louis XV (1715–74). French Baroque profoundly influenced 18thcentury secular architecture throughout Europe. In particular, the Palace of Versailles and the jardin à la française were copied by other courts all over Europe. Contents 1 Seventeenth century 2 Eighteenth century 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 References Seventeenth century Although the open three wing layout of the palace was established in France as the canonical solution as early as the 16th century, it was the Palais du Luxembourg (1615–20) by Salomon de Brosse that determined the sober and classicizing direction that French Baroque architecture was to take. For the first time, the corps de logis was emphasized as the representative main part of the building, while the side wings were treated as hierarchically inferior and appropriately scaled down. The medieval tower has been completely replaced by the central projection in the shape of a monumental threestorey gateway. De Brosse's melding of traditional French elements (e.g., lofty mansard roofs and complex roofline) with some italianate quotations (e.g., ubiquitous rustication, derived from Palazzo Pitti in Florence) came to characterize the Louis XIII style. Probably the most accomplished formulator of the new manner was François Mansart, a tireless perfectionist credited with introducing the full Baroque to France. In his design for Château de Maisons (1642), Mansart succeeded in reconciling academic and baroque approaches, while demonstrating respect for the gothicinherited idiosyncrasies of the French tradition. MaisonsLaffitte illustrates the ongoing transition from the postmedieval chateaux of the sixteenth century to the villalike country houses of the
-
Upload
kanishq-baweja -
Category
Documents
-
view
234 -
download
0
description
m
Transcript of French Baroque Architecture - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
-
7/20/2015 FrenchBaroquearchitectureWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Baroque_architecture 1/5
VauxleVicomtenearParis,byLouisLeVauandAndrLeNtre,1661
PalaisduLuxembourginParis,builtbetween1615and1620
FrenchBaroquearchitectureFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
FrenchBaroquearchitectureisthenamegiventotheFrencharchitectureduringthereignsofLouisXIII(161043),LouisXIV(16431715)andLouisXV(171574).
FrenchBaroqueprofoundlyinfluenced18thcenturyseculararchitecturethroughoutEurope.Inparticular,thePalaceofVersaillesandthejardinlafranaisewerecopiedbyothercourtsalloverEurope.
Contents
1Seventeenthcentury2Eighteenthcentury3Gallery4Seealso5References
Seventeenthcentury
AlthoughtheopenthreewinglayoutofthepalacewasestablishedinFranceasthecanonicalsolutionasearlyasthe16thcentury,itwasthePalaisduLuxembourg(161520)bySalomondeBrossethatdeterminedthesoberandclassicizingdirectionthatFrenchBaroquearchitecturewastotake.Forthefirsttime,thecorpsdelogiswasemphasizedastherepresentativemainpartofthebuilding,whilethesidewingsweretreatedashierarchicallyinferiorandappropriatelyscaleddown.Themedievaltowerhasbeencompletelyreplacedbythecentralprojectionintheshapeofamonumentalthreestoreygateway.DeBrosse'smeldingoftraditionalFrenchelements(e.g.,loftymansardroofsandcomplexroofline)withsomeitalianatequotations(e.g.,ubiquitousrustication,derivedfromPalazzoPittiinFlorence)cametocharacterizetheLouisXIII
style.
ProbablythemostaccomplishedformulatorofthenewmannerwasFranoisMansart,atirelessperfectionistcreditedwithintroducingthefullBaroquetoFrance.InhisdesignforChteaudeMaisons(1642),Mansartsucceededinreconcilingacademicandbaroqueapproaches,whiledemonstratingrespectforthegothicinheritedidiosyncrasiesoftheFrenchtradition.MaisonsLaffitteillustratestheongoingtransitionfromthepostmedievalchateauxofthesixteenthcenturytothevillalikecountryhousesofthe
-
7/20/2015 FrenchBaroquearchitectureWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Baroque_architecture 2/5
ChteaudeMaisonsLaffittenearParis,byFranoisMansart,1642
PalaceofVersailles
LesInvalides,Paris,byJulesHardouinMansart,1676
eighteenth.Thestructureisstrictlysymmetrical,withanorderappliedtoeachstory,mostlyinpilasterform.Thefrontispiece,crownedwithaseparateaggrandizedroof,isinfusedwithremarkableplasticityandthewholeensemblereadslikeathreedimensionalwhole.Mansart'sstructuresarestrippedofoverblowndecorativeeffects,sotypicalofcontemporaryRome.ItalianBaroqueinfluenceismutedandrelegatedtothefieldofdecorativeornamentation.
ThenextstepinthedevelopmentofFrenchresidentialarchitectureinvolvedtheintegrationofthejardinlafranaiseinthecompositionofthepalace,asisexemplifiedbyVauxleVicomte(165661),wherethearchitectLouisLeVau,thedesignerCharlesLeBrunandthegardenerAndrLeNtrecomplementedeachother.Fromthemaincornicetoalowplinth,theminiaturepalaceisclothedinthesocalled"colossalorder",whichmakesthestructurelookmoreimpressive.ThecreativecollaborationofLeVauandLeNtremarkedthearrivalofthe"MagnificentManner"whichallowedtoextendBaroquearchitectureoutsidethepalacewallsandtransformthesurroundinglandscapeintoanimmaculatemosaicofexpansivevistas.
ThesamethreeartistsscaledthisconcepttomonumentalproportionsintheroyalhuntinglodgeandlatermainPalaceofVersailles(16611690).Onafargranderscale,thepalaceisahypertrophiedandsomewhatrepetitiveversionofVauxleVicomte.Itwasboththemostgrandioseandthemostimitatedresidentialbuildingofthe17thcentury.Mannheim,NordkirchenandDrottningholmwereamongmanyforeignresidencesforwhichVersaillesprovidedamodel.
ThefinalexpansionofVersailleswassuperintendedbyJules
HardouinMansart,whosekeydesignistheDomedesInvalides(16761706),generallyregardedasthemostimportantFrenchchurchofthecentury.HardouinMansartprofitedfromhisuncle'sinstructionandplanstoinstilltheedificewithanimperialgrandeurunprecedentedinthecountriesnorthofItaly.Themajestichemisphericaldomebalancesthevigorousverticalthrustoftheorders,whichdonotaccuratelyconveythestructureoftheinterior.TheyoungerarchitectnotonlyrevivedtheharmonyandbalanceassociatedwiththeworkoftheelderMansartbutalsosetthetoneforLateBaroqueFrencharchitecture,withitsgrandponderousnessandincreasingconcessionstoacademicism.
Eighteenthcentury
-
7/20/2015 FrenchBaroquearchitectureWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Baroque_architecture 3/5
TheRgenceandtheearlyreignofLouisXVsawareactionagainsttheofficialstylethathadbeenperfectedinHardouinMansart'sBtimentsduRoi,whichtooktheshapeoftherococo'smoredelicateandintimatemanner,largelylimitedtointeriorsandworksofdecorativearts.Thestyle,whichsoftenedthendissolvedarchitecturalelementsininteriors,waspioneeredbyNicolasPineau,whocollaboratedwithHardouinMansartontheinteriorsoftheroyalChteaudeMarly.FurtherelaboratedafterMansart'sdeathin1706byPierreLePautreandthen,moreforcefullybyGillesMarieOppendordtandJusteAurleMeissonnier,the"genrepittoresque"culminatedintheinteriorsofthePetitChteauatChantilly(c.1722)andGermainBoffrand'sinteriorsattheHteldeSoubiseinParis(c.1732),whereafashionableemphasisontheatectonicandcurvilinearwentbeyondallreasonablemeasure.Sculpture,paintings,furniture,andporcelaintendedtoovershadowarchitecturaldivisionsoftheinterior.TheclassicaltraditioninFrencharchitecturewasneveroverwhelmed,however,andthereactioninfavorofclassicismbeganasearlyasthe1740sintheAcadmie,intheatelierofGiovanniNiccolServandoniandamongtheyoungpensionnairesattheFrenchAcademyinRome.
Gallery
PalaceoftheInstitutdeFrance,Paris.
ChteaudeDampierrebyJulesHardouinMansart.
ChteaudeBeaumesnil,Eure.
Nancy,PlaceStanislas,E.Hr,17521760.jpg
InsideofthechurchofNotreDamedeBonsecoursinNancy,Lorraine.
NotreDamechurchinBordeaux.
-
7/20/2015 FrenchBaroquearchitectureWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Baroque_architecture 4/5
InsideoftheChapelofVersaillesPalace.
ValdeGrcechurchinParis.
ChteaudeVauxleVicomte,whichinspiredVersailles.
PalaisduLuxembourginParis.
PortaloftheCourCarre,LouvrePalace,Paris.
SaintRochchurchinParis.
GrandTrianoninVersailles.
PalaceofVersailles.
PalaisRohan,Strasbourg.
-
7/20/2015 FrenchBaroquearchitectureWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Baroque_architecture 5/5
ChoirofAuchCathedral,Auch,MidiPyrnes.
Seealso
FrenchBaroqueandClassicism
References
HenryA.Millon(ed.),TheTriumphoftheBaroque:ArchitectureinEurope,16001750(1999).FrdriqueLemerle&YvesPauwels,"BaroqueArchitecture",Flammarion,2008
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_Baroque_architecture&oldid=631523716"
Categories: AncienRgimeFrencharchitecture BaroquearchitecturalstylesBaroquearchitecturebycountry Frencharchitecture Frencharchitecturebyperiod
Thispagewaslastmodifiedon28October2014,at22:14.TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmayapply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.WikipediaisaregisteredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.
