FREEMAN C. JOHNSON COLLECTION

Inventoried and Described by

Sandra Gordon, RMSC Museum Intern, 1975

Schuyler C. Townson Library Rochester Museum & Science Center 657 East Ave., Rochester, NY 14607

PROVENANCE

The Rochester Museum & Science Center acquired the Freeman C. Johnson

Collection by purchase. Upon the death of Freeman and Arlene Johnson , Mr.

and Mrs. William Veltz, neighbors of the Johnsons, inherited their house and

personal possessions. Realizing the importance of keeping Freeman Johnson’s

materials together as a collection, the Veltzes contacted the Rochester Museum &

Science Center. After reviewing the items, the Museum decided to purchase the

Johnson Collection in November, 1970.

SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE

The Freeman C. Johnson Collection contains a great variety of archival material

including manuscripts, typescripts, printed materials and photographs. This material

spans the period of Johnson’s lifetime beginning from young adulthood, about 1900.

The manuscripts include personal and business letters (many to and from noted

government officials), speeches, copies of treaties, and lists in an Iroquoian language.

Printed materials include such items as school diplomas, maps, copies of legislative bills,

books, and newspaper articles.

The Johnson Collection also includes American Indian material such as articles of

clothing, head dresses, jewelry, beads, feathers, etc., which can be found in the

anthropological section of the Museum collection

BIOGRAPHY*

Freeman C. Johnson was a member of the Tonawanda Band of Senecas born on the

Tonawanda Indian Reservation on June 14, 1886. His parents were Herbert Johnson and

Lucinda Printup Johnson. Born into the Wolf clan, Johnson was descended from a large

and prominent family.. His great-grandfather was the Seneca warrior Blacksquirrel, who

fought in the War of 1812. His paternal grandmother was Lucinda Blacksquirrel Ground,

and his great-aunt was Nancy Blacksquirrel Miller, who reportedly lived to be 109. His

uncle, Charles Johnson, was a Bear clan sachem at Tonawanda.

Johnson probably attended one of the one-room schools on the reservation. His mother

died in 1897 when Johnson was 10 years old, leaving behind not only her son Freeman,

but two older brothers, Herbert Jr. (1880-1910), Alva (1883-1908), and two younger

sisters, Ella (1890-1988), and Delia, or Dorothy (1895-circa 1980). After his mother's

death, Johnson attended Carlisle Indian School, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, beginning June

28, 1900. He was a member of the school band, learning to play the clarinet and the

saxophone. While at Carlisle, Johnson met Jim Thorpe, another Carlisle student, who

became a noted Indian athlete. Johnson graduated April 4, 1907, receiving his diploma in

tailoring.

After graduating from Carlisle, Johnson returned to the reservation. Traditionally, each

Seneca is given a clan name, first as a child, then, a new name as an adult. At the age of

21, he was given the name of Gah-squa-e-wo, meaning "Handsome Stone."

Johnson was living in Rochester, NY in the early 1900s, where he found work as a tailor.

In 1916, Johnson joined a fraternal organization known as the Improved Order of Red

Men (I.O.R.M.). He joined the local Rochester chapter, or tribe, named the Wahbee. The

fraternal order was based loosely on the Iroquois Confederacy; each chapter was known

as a tribe, and the overall leader of the organization was referred to as the "Great

Sachem." Members of the I.O.R.M. tended to dress up in "traditional" Indian garb for

* Edited and expanded by Terry Abrams based upon further research (2007-10).

certain ceremonial occasions. Johnson was appointed Deputy Great Sachem in 1926. He

continued to be active in the Order of the Red Men for several years.

In 1926, the Wolf clan sachem for the Tonawanda Senecas, Thomas Poodry, passed

away. Poodry had succeeded Ely S. Parker as Do-ne-ho-ga-wenh, the "Open Door." A

dispute arose over who was the rightful candidate to succeed Poodry. One faction named

his brother, Edward Poodry, Jr., while another named Johnson as Do-ne-ho-ga-wenh,

with both men claiming the title.The controversy apparently ended with Edward

PoodryÕs death in 1930. As the only claimant, Johnson remained Wolf clan sachem until

his own death.

Johnson continued working as a tailor. He was active as a member of the Chief's Council

of the Tonawanda Band of Senecas. He also participated in Indian pageants and other

events in the Rochester area. Photographs from this time period show him, in full regalia,

at pageants in Ellison Park. Other people in these photographs include his sister Delia, his

sister Ella, and her husband, Chief Harrison Ground.

During his adult life Chief Johnson devoted unlimited time to fellow Native Americans

and to helping non-Indians to better understand traditional Iroquois culture. He was

involved in numerous community activities and frequently gave speeches and wrote

letters about legislation concerning the American Indian.

Johnson was one of the people instrumental in preserving Gannagaro, a historic sixteenth

century Seneca village, located in what is now Victor, New York. The site has been

known to archaeologists as Boughton Hill, and the area eventually became Ganondagan,

a state historic site.

He was also involved in the commemoration activities related to the Pickering Treaty, or

Canandaigua Treaty of 1794. This treaty between the United States and the Iroquois

Confederacy affirmed the Confederacy's land rights in New York State. Along with

Sheldon Fisher and Jane Rode LeClair (two non-Indians who became adopted Senecas),

Johnson was active in ensuring recognition of the treaty's continued validity.

Johnson spent much of his life educating people about the Iroquois, and their place in

history. He spoke to numerous schoolchildren and scout groups. He would often appear

wearing a Plains-style headdress and beaded outfit. Later in life, Johnson began wearing

the traditional Seneca headdress, known as a gustoweh. This particular style of headdress

had long fallen out of fashion, and it wasn't until the early seventies that it reclaimed its

place as the headwear of choice for Iroquois men dressed in traditional clothing.

Johnson was married September 26, 1942, to Arlene Gelder, a non-Indian from

Rochester, New York.

Johnson died at the age of 82 on April 13, 1969, as a result of an automobile accident.

Mrs. Johnson died shortly thereafter on May 6, 1969 due to the same accident. After his

death, many of his personal possessions were acquired by the Rochester Museum &

Science Center, including several pieces of traditional clothing, letters and speeches, and

numerous photographs dating from the 1890s to the 1960s. These, along with other items

related to him, are contained in the Freeman Johnson Collection.

Freeman Johnson and his wife are buried in Holy Sepulcher Cemetery in Rochester, New

York.

BOX 1:

Folder 1 :

Folder 2 :

Folder 3 :

Folder 4 :

FREEMAN C. JOHNSON COLLECTION

INVENTORY

Family Newsclippings

-Mist, newsclippings including a r t i c l e s and photos about Johnson; h i s f a the r , Herbert Johnson; h i s grandmother, Lucinda Ground; and h i s great-grandmother, Nancy Miller n lack squirrel.

Family (Photocopies of Newsclippings)

-Photocopy of news a r t i c l e on Lucinda Ground, Johnson's grandmother. May 1 2 , 1927. lp.

-photocopy of news a r t i c l e on Nancy lacks squirrel, John- s o n ' s great-grandmother. November 19, 1927, lp .

-Photocopy of news a r t i c l e on Nancy Blacksquirrel. Apri l 2 1 , 1928, lp .

U,S . Indian School, Car l i s l e , Pennsylvania

- Ms. s igna ture from J i m Thorpe, a fellow classmate a t the school, on postcard t o Johnson. (postmarked Philadelphia, pennsylvania, November 14, 1951) . - 70,) 33,

-Misc. pr inted items including school poem, copies of the school newspaper, a booklet of names of graduates and pr inted photos of students.

U.S. Indian School, Car l i s l e , Pennsylvania, Newsclippings

-Misc, newsclippings including a r t i c l e s about J i m Thorpe,

Folder 5 : Speeches 0

Folder 6 :

- Ms. speech about Iroquois given a t Naples High School, New York, on October 14, 1961, Signed Sachem Freeman Johnson. 3pp. 7'- i 3 3 1 2x

-Typescript copies (3 ) of t h e above speech i n various s t ages of development. 70. j35 lZz

-MS. speech dedicat ing New York S t a t e marker. (May 10, 1962), unsigned. 4pp. 7o.i'%, 57

-Typescript copies (6 ) of above speech. One signed Sachem Freeman Johnson. 70.1 33 .57

-Typescript speech of November 11, 1962, t o commemorate t h e s igning of t h e Pickering Treaty of 1794 between the Iroquois Confederacy and the United S t a t e s . Signed Sachem Freeman Johnson. l p . 7V. 13339

-Typescript copies (3 ) of above speech i n various s tages of development, Each signed Sachem Freeman Johnson. lp .

70,133.59

- M s . speech of Novemberll, 1963, t o commemorate s igning of t h e Pickering Treaty of 1794. Signed Sachem Freeman Johnson. lp . 70.133, S P

-Unsigned m s . copy of above speech. 2pp. 70,135. y?

-Typescript copies (2) of above speech i n d i f f e r e n t s tages of development. Each signed Sachem Freeman ~ohnson ,

70.132. s?

-Typescript speech of May 5, 1967, t o commemorate t h e grave of Jekosaseh, a Seneca woman. Signed Sachem Freeman Johnson. 4pp. 7 0 . 1 3 3 , 5 3

-Typescript copies (3 ) of above speech. Dated m y 20, 1967, One signed Sachem Freeman Johnson. 70 . 13 3,s 3

-Typescript speech of Noveniber 11, 1968, given a t the ~ i c k e r i n g Treaty Ceremony. Signed Sachem Freeman Johnson. lp . 70, / 3 3 , 5 8

- ~ y p e s c r i p t "rough d r a f t " of above speech. 73,133 5%

-Typescript statement (speech?) of February, 1969 on the s t a t e of a f f a i r s i n t he United S t a t e s , Signed Chief Sachem Freeman Johnson, Donahogaweh of t he wolf Clan. 3pp.

?a, t 3 3 , / a

Folder 6 : cont inued: P

-Ms. speech on

-Mist. m s . and

peace counci l . undated and unsigned. 7'O, I 3 3 3 3

t y p e s c r i p t s of s t a t emen t s on I roquo i s . Undated and unsigned. lo , 53 ,q ?

-

Folder 7 : P o l i t i c a l V i e w s and L e g i s l a t i o n Concerning the American Indian .

- M s . c o p i e s ( 2 ) of letter t o Hon. C. Delano, S e c r e t a r y of t h e I n t e r i o r , from W i l l i a m A. Richardson, Act ing S e c r e t a r y about t a x e s and d u t i e s i n t r a d e between I r o q u o i s and o t h e r ~ n d i a n s i n Canada. (Treasury Department, Washington, D.C., March 15 , 1873). l p . each. 70.1 33*'111

- Ms. copy of le t ter t o O f f i c e of I n d i a n A f f a i r s from J .P. Horthey, A s s i s t a n t , about taxes and d u t i e s i n t r a d e between ~ r o q u o i s and o t h e r ~ n d i a n s i n Canada. (Treasury Department, Washington, D.C. r ece ived November 1 5 . 1914). IP. 70. I 33;-za

- Ms. l e t ter from Mohawk Nation t o S e c r e t a r y of W a r on a number of complaints . Signed b y David E. Ter rance and v a r i o u s women and war r io r s . (Rooseveltown, New York, A p r i l 20, 1936). 6pp. 70, ) s s , ~ V

- Pr in ted copy of Senate B i l l S1240. Accompanying envelope from U.S. Senate t o Johnson postmarked Washington, D.C., February 2 , 1942. 701 '33. 82

- Ms. l e t ter by Johnson of February 25, 1952 about U.N. l p . 70, r33,rl

-Ms. copy and t y p e s c r i p t copy of above le t ter . l p . each. 70, /33. ?3 70,133, is

- M s . l e t t e r from Johnson t o John C o t t e r , Ph i l ade lph ia , about I r o q u o i s League. (22 Almay Road, Rochester , New York, February 8, 1963) . l p . 70,133 ,a0 - p r i n t e d Report No. 18, F i r s t Sess ion , 90th Congress, by Na t iona l W i l d l i f e Federa t ion on va r ious b i l l s involv ing Indians . May 26, 1967. Accompanying envelope. 5pp.

70. 133,90

Folder 7 : Continued:

n -Typescript letter to Johnson from Whitney Shoemaker, Assistant to the President of the U.S. acknowledging receipt of a letter commenting on legislation. Accompanying envelope. (The White House, Washington, December 5, 1967). lp. 70,i33,(Y

-Printed article from The Christian Science Monitor on appointment of Robert Bennett as commissioner of Indian Affairs. (1967?) 7 0 , ~ 3 % 8 9

-Ms. letter concerning House of Representatives Bills, H.R.4603-4802 and 4813 concerning the Iroquois. Undated. 2pp. 7 o, 133 8&

-Typescript statement on H.R.288, the Carter Indian Citizenship Bill as concerns the Seneca Indians in N.Y. Undated. 2pp. 70,133, 9 /

-Typescript statement on Senate bills concerning Indians, and quotations from George Washington. Undated. lp.

70,133, ?Y -Photocopy of newspaper article on New York State's right to govern Indians. 3 6 4 f?%DC* 1B

Folder 8 : Political Views and Legislation, U.S. Department of Interior correspondence

-Typescript letter to Johnson from C.F. Hauke on deeding of Tonawanda Reservation. (Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, Washington, D.C., November 27, 1914). lp. 70, 133r39

-Typescript letter to Johnson from W.K. Moorehead, Department of ~nterior Board of Indian Commission, on factional differences among the Iroquois. (And- over, Massachusetts, November 15, 1928) . 2pp. 70, ) '43,81

-Typescript letter to Johnson from Warren K. Moorehead (same subject as above). (Andover, Massachusetts, January29, 1929). 2pp. 70,,35,1i

-Typescript letter to Chief Albert Abram, Chairman Council of Chiefs, Tonawanda Band of Senecas, from William A. Brophy, Commissioner, about taxes, ~roquois

7 0 , 6 ? , 7 *

Folde r 8 : P

Folder 9 :

Continued:

C o n s t i t u t i o n and American I n d i a n His tory . (U.S . Department of I n t e r i o r , O f f i c e of I n d i a n A f f a i r s , Washington 25, D.C., January 15 , 1946) . l p . Enclosure: Typesc r ip t le t ter t o D r . Maccracken from Harold L. I c k e s , S e c r e t a r y of the I n t e r i o r . (Washing- ton , D.c., November 30, 1945) . 2pp. 70 , ~ 5 3 ~ 7 8

- Typescr ip t le t ter t o Johnson from Will iam A. Brophy (see above) abou t income taxes: (u.S. Department of t h e I n t e r i o r , O f f i c e of I n d i a n A f f a i r s , Washington, January 1 6 , 1946) . l p . 70,133,?7

Miscel laneous Congress iona l B i l l s Concerning I n d i a n A f f a i r s

- P r i n t e d copy of U.S. Sena te Report No.864 on American I n d i a n Day. Deceniber 8, 1941. 70, m , 8 8

YL/P7 - P r i n t e d copy of Congressional A c t , H . R . e . Approved August 13 , 1946. 70,139.75 8

- P r i n t e d copy of U.S. Senate B i l l S.1683 on j u r i s d i c t i o n o f t h e Cour t s of the S t a t e of New York. ( J u l y 21, 1947) .

70, / 33.7sa - P r i n t e d copy of U.S. Sena te B i l l S -1686 on o b l i g a t i o n s of U.S. t o New York S t a t e Indians . ( J u l y 21, 1947) .

7D.133 .756 - p r i n t e d copy of U.S. Senate B i l l S.1687 on j u r i s d i c t i o n of Cour t s of New ~ o r k S t a t e . ( J u l y 21, 1947) . 7 0 . - b f 3.75

- Pr in ted copy of U.S. Sena te B i l l S -1947 on c o l l e c t i o n of Seneca l e a s e funds. (May 26, 1949) . 7 6 , 1 3 3 ~ 7 5

Folder 10: P o l i t i c a l V i e w s and L e g i s l a t i o n Newsclippings

Folder 11: S t a t e L e g i s l a t i o n Regarding t h e Mining of Na tu ra l Resources on Tonawanda Reserva t ion , New York

- Typescr ip t agreement concerning e x p l o r a t i o n and mining of gypsum on Tonawanda Reservat ion. June 1921. 7pp, 70,

- Typescr ip t r e s o l u t i o n t o New York S t a t e L e g i s l a t u r e r ega rd ing t h e sale of gypsum, sand and g r a v e l from

Folder 11 : Continued : P

Tonawanda Reservation. 1928. 2pp. ,l,t9b

-~ypescript agreement between the Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians and Henry A. Walter of Buffalo, New York, regarding prospecting for oil and gas in Tonawanda Reservation. June, 1930. 5pp. 70,133, (ab

Folder 12 : U.S. Congressional Bill S -192 ("to confer jurisdiction on the courts of the State of New York with respect to civil actions between Indians or to which Indians are parties. " ) 7v,.f l%. 73

-Printed copy of Bill S.192. January 5, 1949. p,133, ' 3

-Ms. resolution (2 copies) from Tonawanda Band of Senecas in opposition to Bill S.192. (1952?) 70. 1 3 3 , P'7 -

-Typescript of above with minor adjustments. 1952. 2pp. -70, /33.7#

-Photocopy of newsclipping concerning Bill S.192. August 10, 1947. 346 h t c ~ ~ & t @

Folder 13: Naming of Irondequoit Bay Bridge

-Typescript letter from Johnson to Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller recommending Indian names for the Irondequoit Bay Bridge. (22 Almay Road, Rochester, New York. June 9, 1968). lp. 3 ,13 '3 ,q7

-Typescript letter to Johnson from Charles F. Stockmeister, New York Asserriblyman, stating that he would sponsor legis- lation to name Irondequoit Bay Bridge the "Hiawatha Peace Bridge". (Albany, June 24, 1968). lp. 7 0 , / 3 3 , 9 ~

-Typescript letter to Jacquelyn R. Platt, Indian friend of Johnson, from Charles F. Stockmeister, see above. (Albany, June 24. 1968). lp. 70, \33,?7

Folder 13 : Continued: r'

- ~ y p e s c r i p t le t te r t o Jacquelyn R. P l a t t from Lee McCanne, Monroe County His tor ian, concerning the naming of Irondequoit Bay Bridge. Enclosure: lp . t ypesc r ip t on LaSalle. (Office of His tor ian, Rochester, New York, June 24, 1968). 70, 133. lm

- ~ y p e s c r i p t l e t t e r t b Johnson from Jacquelyn P l a t t on naming of t h e Bay ridge. (163 Vinton Road, Rochester, New York, June 28, 1968). lp . 70.133, 101

-Typescript le t ter t o Johnson from Charles F. Stock- meister on naming of t he Bay Bridge. (Albany, New York, January 29, 1969). lp . Enclosure: Printed copy of N e w York S t a t e Act 2195 on naming the proposed br idge over Irondequoit Bay a s t he "Hiawatha Peace Bridge". J anua ry20 , 1969. 70,/33,/0Y $ / o f 4

- M s . and typesc r ip t le t ter t o Johnson from Mrs. P l a t t (see above). lp. 70,/33, /o&

-Typescript letter "To Whom I t May Concern" from Jacquelyn R. P l a t t on naming of Irondequoit Bay Bridge. (163 Vinton Road, Teoronto, Iroquois Confederacy, January 25, 1969). lp. 70,133,/03

-Typescript le t ter t o Jacquelyn P l a t t from S. William Rosenberg, New York Asseniblyman, acknowledging r ece ip t of above letter. (Albany, February 3 , 1969) . lp . 7 4 / 3 3

-Typescript le t ter t o Mrs. P l a t t from Jacob K. J a v i t s , U.S. Senator from N e w York, acknowledging r ece ip t of Mrs. P l a t t ' s l e t t e r . (Washington, D.C., February 3 , 1969). 1:

70,133, -Typescript le t ter t o Mrs. P l a t t from Frank Horton, U.S. Congressional Representative from New York S ta te . (washington, D.C. February 7, 1969). lp. 70, , 3 3 , / 0 ~ ,

-photocopy of newspaper a r t i c l e on subject .

Folder la: Naming of Irondequoit Bay Bridge Newsclipping

` older 15: Naming of the New York S t a t e Thruway ("The ~ r o q u o i s T r a i l " )

-Typescript copy of "A Resolution i n re New York S t a t e Thruway". Adopted by Improved Order of Red Men of t h e S t a t e of New York, August 15, 1955. 7 0 , 1 3 3 . 7 g

-Typescript copy of New York S t a t e A c t No.235 concerning naming various s ec t i ons of the New York S t a t e Thruway. January 9, 1956)- lp . 7 0 . 1 3 3 , 7 /

-Pr inted copies (3 ) of New York S t a t e Asserribly B i l l No.2465 on same sub jec t a s above. February 1 2 , 1957. 7Q,133,7O

-Typescript copy of p r e s s r e l e a s e by Ave r i l l Harriman, S t a t e of New York Executive Changer, naming sec t ions of New York Thruway. (Albany, Apr i l 19 , 1957). lp . 70.133,7/

-Typescript le t ter t o Johnson from Henry Valent, Grand Sachem i n Improved Order of Red Men, on above subject . ( ~ a t k i n s Glen, New York, May 19, 1958) . lp . 7 0 , 1 3 3 , &9 - Ms. "Resolution I n RE Iroquois T r a i l " concerning t he naming of New York S t a t e Thruway. (19591) 70,133 , d l -Typescript copies (3 ) of above reso lu t ion . One copy is signed Chief Beeman Logan. 1959, 70,133,?6

- Ms. s tatement on naming New York Thruway "The I roquois T r a i l " , Undated. 2pp, 70,133, bl

Folder 16: E f f o r t s t o Preserve I roquois H i s t o r i c S i t e s

- Ms. and t ypesc r ip t statement on The Nundawaga Socie ty f o r His tory and Folklore and i ts a c t i v i t i e s . With envelope addressed t o Johnson, (postmarked F i shers , New York, Apr i l 19, 1954). l p , 70, j33, d S

-Typescript le t ter t o Johnson from John L. Co t t e r , Regional Archaeologist concerning s eve ra l Iroquois h i s t o r i c sites. (U.S. Department of t he I n t e r i o r , National Park Service , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1962 1. 2pp. 70,133, &

F o l d e r 16 : Cont inued:

- M s . let ter t o Johnson from Rober t E. Moody on t h e s e l e c - t i o n o f a Seneca h i s t o r i c si te. ( R u s h v i l l e , N e w York, August 25, 1962) . 2pp. 70, 133.23

- Typesc r ip t le t ter t o Johnson from Ronald F. Lee, Regiona l D i r e c t o r o f N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e , on t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n of B a r e H i l l as a n h i s t o r i c si te. (U.S. Department of I n t e r i o r , P h i l a d e l p h i a , Pennsy lvan ia , December 21, 1962) . l p . Enc losure : L e a f l e t e x p l a i n i n g how N a t i o n a l Survey o f H i s t o r i c S i t e s and B u i l d i n g s i s conducted. 70, /33.

- Typesc r ip t le t ter t o Johnson from John L. Cot ter , Regiona l A r c h e o l o g i s t on I r o q u o i s h i s t o r i c a l sites. (U.S. Depart- ment of t h e I n t e r i o r , P h i l a d e l p h i a , Pennsylvania , J anua ry 9, 1963) . l p . 70.)33,4/

- Photocopies ( 3 ) of newspaper art icles p e r t a i n i n g t o s u b j e c t . 3$-6 %I)- 1 0

F o l d e r 17: E f f o r t s t o P r e s e r v e Gannagaro (Boughton H i l l ) as a n I r o q u o i s P H i s t o r i c S i t e -

( A l l cor respondence is on t h e subject o f p r e s e r v i n g G a n n a g a r 0 , - t h e C a p i t a l of t h e Seneca Na t ion u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e s t a t e d ) ,

- Typesc r ip t le t ter t o Johnson from J, Sheldon F i s h e r , O n t a r i o County H i s t o r i a n , on p r e s e r v i n g t h e Seneca sites i n V i c t o r , ( F i s h e r s , New York, Augus.t 23, 1 9 6 2 ) - ~ P P - 7 0 , m ~ 3 1

- P r i n t e d a r t ic le from The Amerindian on t h e tree p l a n t i n g a t t h e s i t e of Gannagaro and the fo rma t ion of t h e Gan- nagaro A s s o c i a t i o n , July-August 1967,

- Typesc r ip t le t ter t o Beaman Logan, p r e s i d e n t and Chief Counc i l , Tonawanda Rese rva t ion from J a n e L e C l a i r , Gannagaro A s s o c i a t i o n , S e c r e t a r y . (39 Rode Dr ive , Roches te r , New York, October 26, 1967 ) . 3pp. 70,133,&(6

Folder 1 7 : Continued:

-Typescript l e t t e r t o Laurence Rockefeller, Chairman, Council of S t a t e parks, from Charles F. Stockmeister, New York Assemblyman. June 7 , 1968, lp . 70,/33,47

-Photocopy of typescr ip t l e t t e r t o Samuel S. S t r a t ton , U.S. Representative from John E. Kelley. (Washington, D.C., June 2 1 1968), l p . Enclosure: Photocopy of two Democrat and Chronicle newspaper a r t i c l e s . ?D, 133, qq

-Photocopy of typescr ip t l e t t e r t o John E. Kelley from Samuel S. S t r a t t o n ( ? ) . (Washington, D.C., June 28, 1968)

IP 70. r33,W

-Typescript statement on meeting of Gannagaro Assoc. (F i shers , New York, Ju ly 1 2 , l 968 ) , lp . 70.133,3Y

-Photocopy of typescr ip t le t ter t o Samuel S. S t r a t ton from J. ans sen(?), Assoc. Director. (U.S. Department of t he I n t e r i o r , Washington, D.C., J u ly 19, 1968) , 2pp. 70,1/3

-Photocopy of t ypesc r ip t l e t t e r t o John E. Kelley from Samuel S. S t ra t ton . (Washington, D.C., Ju ly 24, 1968) , IP- 3Ob133.q6

-Typescript resolut ion from Improved Order of Red Men. August 1 2 , 1968. 70, 133, Xq

-Typescript l e t t e r t o Johnson from Wilbur E. Wright, Executive Secretary , New York S t a t e His tor ic Trust. (Albany, New York, October 9, 1968) , lp . , 133, 73

Folder 18: Continuation of Folder 17

- ~ y p e s c r i p t letter from Johnson t o Editor of t he Democrat and chronic le , (22 Almay Road, Rochester, New York, - March 11, 1969), 2pp. 70,133.33

-Typescript copy of l e t t e r from Johnson t o New York Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller. (22 Almay Road, j7 Rochester, New York, March 11, 1969) , 2pp. 70. / 3~

-Typescript copy of l e t t e r from Johnson t o Edi tor of Democrat and Chronicle. (22 Almay Road, Rochester, New York, March 16, 1969). lp. 70,133.33

Folder 18 : cont inued

f l

-Photocopy of t y p e s c r i p t l e t t e r t o Jane R, LeClair from ~ l t o n G, Marshal l , Executive O f f i c e r t o t h e Governor, (Albany, March 20, 1969) , l p . 70, ) 3 3 , 3 9

- ~ y p e s c r i p t p e t i t i o n t o Governor Nelson A, Rockefe l le r from "persons of Ind ian blood from t h e Great I roquo i s confederacy and b r o t h e r t r i b e s . " March 25, 1969, 5pp. 70,133.

-Typescript l e t te r t o Johnson from Macolm Wilson, Lieutenant Governor, (Albany, March 27, 1969) , l p , 70, / 33,35

- ~ y p e s c r i p t le t ter t o Johnson from TON, H u r d , D i rec to r of t h e Budget, iAlbany, A p r i l 1 , l 9 6 9 ) , l p . 7~,133 ,3 , .6

-Typescript p e t i t i o n s ( 2 ) t o Governor Nelson A , Rocke- f e l l e r from persons of t h e I roquo i s confederacy, b r o t h e r t r i b e s and f r i e n d s , A p r i l 1, 1969, l p , each, 7O, /33 ,3*

-Typescript p e t i t i o n s ( 3 ) a s above, One da ted A p r i l 8 , 1969, and two da ted A p r i l 9, 1969. 70,133~33

-Photocopy of t y p e s c r i p t c i r c u l a r from Gannagaro Assoc, F i she r s , New York. Undated, 70, ~ 3 3 . 2 9

-photocopies ( 9 ) of newspaper a r t i c l e s of subject, 70,$33. &,- 70, ,33,30~ 70. 133.31

J

Folder 19 : Gannagaro (Boughton ill) Newsclipping?

Folder 20 : United S t a t e s T r e a t i e s Concerning t h e American Indian

-Ms. l i s t of t r e a t i e s p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e I roquo i s . August 26, 1945, IP- 70, /33,,&,3-

-Ms. copy of t h e Trea ty With t h e Seneca, Tonawanda Band of 1857, 1 3 ~ ~ - 70,133,3

-Typescript copy of U.S. Law of T r e a t i e s , A r t i c l e VI, Sec t ion 2 , .U,S, Cons t i tu t ion , Annotated w i t h a no te t o Johnson from Jane eclair?) ,

7 0 . r33.43-

F o l d e r 2 0 : Continued: ' P

- Ms. copy of A r t i c l e VI, The c o n s t i t u t i o n (u .S. ) , pp.2; and No. 27 of September 1 5 , 1797. 70,133,

- M s . l i s t o f t r e a t i e s concern ing t h e American Ind ian . ~ P P . ?0,r33,83

9&9 .p w, KE-5, ,+ +' - Typesc r ip t copy o f Tonawanda T r e a t y o f 1857, 5pp. - '

- M s . copy of t h e T r e a t y w i t h t h e S i x Nat ions , 1794, 3pp. 70, /33,8r

-Ms. copy of t h e Agreement w i t h t h e Senecas of Septeniber 1 5 , 1797, 2pp. 70 , I 33,85

- Photocopies (5 ) o f newspaper a r t i c l e s i n c l u d i n g one on the T r e a t y o f Canadaigua, Sep.tember 1 2 , 1961.

Fo lde r 21 : T r a d i t i o n a l I r o q u o i s Ceremonies

- Ms. l e t te r t o Johnson from Rober t E. Moody, P r e s i d e n t , Nundawaga S o c i e t y f o r H i s t o r y and F o l k l o r e about h o l d i n g a pageant on the Tonawanda Reserva t ion . (Rushv i l l e , New York, August 3 , 1960) , lp. 70,133, q8

- Typesc r ip t l e t t e r t o Johnson from Mrs. Ralph S h r a d e r , P r e s i d e n t , E a s t Shore C o t t a g e r ' s Assoc., I nc . a b o u t g i v i n g thanks on Genundowa Day a t B a r e H i l l . (Canandaigua?, New York, October 5 , 1 9 6 2 ) , l p . 727, (33 . * - Typesc r ip t copy of l e t t e r t o Governor Nelson Rocke fe l l e r from J. Sheldon F i s h e r , P r e s i d e n t , Gannagaro Assoc., on the a d o p t i o n o f R o c k e f e l l e r i n t o t h e Seneca tribe. ( F i s h e r s , New York, August 2 , 1968) , l p . 70,133.

- M s . s t a t e m e n t on how Jane ~ e C l a i r and Johnson o r i g i n a l l y m e t . (1968?) , 3pp. 70,133~2-1

- Typesc r ip t pape r s (6 ) on t h e a d o p t i o n of J ane Rode L e C l a i r i n t o t h e Seneca Nat ion , W o l f Clan. I n c l u d i n g interr r iew w i t h Johnson and L e C l a i r r e a d b e f o r e t h e ceremony, and L e C l a i r ' s a ccep tance speech, June 22, 1968.

70,135, a1 -Photocopy of J a n e L e C l a i r ' s C e r t i f i c a t e of Adoption i n t o t h e Seneca Nation. 7 0 , W,al

Folder 2 1 : Continued:

r' -MS. Statement of Seneca celebrations by Johnson. undated. lp . 7 ~ , / 3 3 . $0

-Typescript copy of above statement. 70,# ' 5 3 p s 0

-MS. l i s t of Seneca celebrations and what i s done a t each one of them. lp . 70 . /53 ,bGo

- Ms. statement t o the "Great S p i r i t of the Universe." ~nvocat ion . Undated. 2pp. 70.133, 12

-photocopies ( 2 ) of newspaper a r t i c l e s .

Folder 22 : Tradi t ional Iroquois Ceremonies Newsclippings

Folder 23 : General Information on the Iroquois

-Typescript postcard t o Johnson on the re la t ionship of the Delawares t o the Iroquois. (postmarked Rochester, New York, February 20, (1932?). 70, / 3 3 , 1 3

-Photocopy of m s . l i s t of the Sachems and Chiefs of the Tonawanda Senecas. Compiled by Freeman Johnson, Noveniber 3 1957. 7 0 , / 3 3 , 6 J 8

-photocopies of newspaper a r t i c l e s on interviews ( 2 ) with Johnson by B i l l Beeney. May 25, 1962, 2pp. and June 7, 1963, lp .

-Typescript l e t t e r t o Johnson from Henry Valent, Improved Order of Red Men, concerning the or ig in of the Senecas. (December 18 , 1964), lp. Enclosure: photocopy of section from Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico on Senecas. 4pp. 70,133.9-

-Photocopy of newspaper a r t i c l e on interview with Johnson by B i l l Beeney. September 20, 1966. 2pp,

-Ms. papers on Iroquois clan s t a t i s t i c s , Indian names, moons of the year, e t c , Mostly i n an Irpquoian language,

? 0 , / 3 3 , /

Folde r 23 : Continued: Y

-Ms. l i s t of Seneca sachems, c h i e f s , and runners . 70. ~~~ 6 f' -MS. l i s t of c l a n s and moons i n an I roquoian language. *

70,133, 6 ~ 8 7 0 , ~ w . t , 1

-Ms . l i s t i n an I roquoian languagey 7 0 , t 3 3 , (.Ye

-Typescr ipt l i s t of I roquo i s sachemship by tribes and c l a n s from ~ e w i s Henry Morgan. 4pp. 70,133, 63

-Typescr ipt copy of above list. 7 d 633,6 3

- Ms. mythology s t o r i e s , Boy and H i s Grandmother and Grea t H i l l People. 13pp. 70,) 33,

-photocopies ( 4 ) of newspaper a r t i c l e s on I roquois .

Folder 24 : General ~ r o q u o i s Newsclippings

,Folder 25 : I n d i a n A c t i v i t i e s Involv ing t h e Community

- ~ y p e s c r i p t b u l l e t i n No. 10 from t h e Genesee Country H i s t o r i c a l Federa t ion about Big T r e e Sesquicent=nnial c e l e b r a t i o n . Septeniber 3 , 1947. 2pp. 70,133, 3 5

-Typescr ipt le t ter t o Johnson from Clayton Mau, P r e s i d e n t , L iv ings ton County H i s t o r i c a l Soc ie ty , on t h e Sesquicentennia l Enclosure: Photo of group a t Sesquicentennia l . See f o l d e r i n photo c o l l e c t i o n . (Geneseo, N e w York, October 1, 1947, IP. 7% 133Jy

- M s . le t ter t o Johnson from A r t L e w i s about Ind ian pageant. ( F i s h e r s , New York, A p r i l 19, 1950?) , l p . 70r ) 3 3 , / 5

- Ms. l e t te r t o Johnson from Chief Harr i son Ground on Ind ian ceremonies t h a t Ground a t t ended i n Ohio. (Basom, New York, October 8, 1958) , 3pp. 70, 133.16

-Typescr ipt photocopy of le t te r by Lee McCanne, Monroe County H i s t o r i a n , on ceremony commemorating LaSal le . (Rochester , New York, undated) , l p . Enclosure: Photocopy of a r t i c l e t i t l e d "LaSal le i n t h e Empire S t a t e " , l p . 70,/33,56

-photocopy of t y p e s c r i p t c i r c u l a r announcing t h e sesqu i- c e n t e n n i a l observance of t h e Big T r e e Treaty. 1947.

70 , / 3 3 , 5 s ?

Folder 25 : Continued:

/-

-Photocopy of typescr ip t announcement on the National Aboriginal Tradi t ional Convention i n Okemah, Oklahoma.

-Numerous photocopies of newspaper a r t i c l e s .

Folder 26: Indian A c t i v i t i e s Involving the Community Newselippings

Folder 27 : Improved Order of Red Men (I .O.R.M, )

I/ -MS. and pr inted postcard t o Johnson from Hiokatoo Tribe No. 74 I,O,R.M. on adoption degree. Postmarked Rochester, New York, May 31, 1916, No Ple4

I / - Ms. and pr inted postcard t o Johnson from Hiokatoo Tribe No.74, I.O.R.M. on warriors degree. Postmarked Rochester, New York, June 13, 1916.

-MS. and pr inted postcard t o Johnson from Hiokatoo Tribe No. 74, I. 0, RSM, on ch ie f s degree, Postmarked Rochester, New York, June 21, 1916.

/ -Printed booklet t i t l e d "Directory of Tribes, I .O,R,M. , Reservation of N e w Yorkl' issued March, 1920.

,f -Typescript copy of announcement from Johnson about meet- ing of Quarterly Council of Hiokatoo Tribe, No. 74, I .O,R,M, on March 29, 1920.

- Ms. and pr inted envelope t o Johnson from Hiokatoo Tribe J No.74, O,O,R.M. Postmarked Rochester, New YOrb, June 24, 1921

/ -Typescript copy of announcement from Johnson about m e e t - ing of Quarterly Council and Election of Chiefs, I ,O.R.M,, on June 28, 1920.

-Ms. and pr inted envelope t o Johnson from Edward C. Widman, C. of R., Wahoo Tribe, No. 288, 1.0,R.M. Postmarked Rochester, N e w York, March 3 , 1922,

/ -printed booklet, Directory of Associations, by S t a t e Haymakers Association of New York, issued January, 1922, Found i n above envelope.

F o l d e r 27 : Cont inued :

F o l d e r 28 :

F o l d e r 2 9:

- Pr in t ed b o o k l e t "The Improved Order o f Red Men". Found i n above enve lope . ~d i q l t 2

J - P r i n t e d newspaper "The Red Man", V o l . V I , Snow Moon (February , 1 9 2 6 ) , G.S.D. 435, No. M. 5

- Typesc r ip t copy of announcement from Johnson a b o u t m e e t - i n g of Q u a r t e r l y Counc i l o f Hiokatoo T r i b e No . 74, I.O.R.M. on September 24, 1926.

-MS. and p r i n t e d c e r t i f i c a t e o f J o h n s o n ' s appointment as Deputy G r e a t Sachem, I .O.R.M., October 26, 1926. 70,133, ID

J - P r i n t e d b o o k l e t , O f f i c i a l D i r e c t o r y , G r e a t Counc i l of New York Improved Order o f Red Men. March 1, 1934.

J - Typesc r ip t copy of l e t t e r t o W i l l i a m Brophy, Commissioner, U.S. Department o f the I n t e r i o r , O f f i c e o f I n d i a n A f f a i r s , from A r t h u r W. Lennon, G r e a t Chief o f Records, on s u b j e c t o f I .O.R.M. (Washington, D.C., August 9 , l 9 4 6 ) , 2pp. TD, t33

d - Typesc r ip t copy o f l e t te r t o Harold L. I c k e s , Olney, Ead., from A r t h u r W. Lennon, G r e a t Chie f of Records, on s u b j e c t o f I.O.R.M. August 1 2 , 1946, 2pp. 79,133,910

I/ - Typesc r ip t copy o f le t ter t o the "Chiefs and Members of the G r e a t Counc i l o f New York" from Ar thu r W. Lennon, G r e a t C h i e f of Records on s u b j e c t o f I.O.R.M. news happenings . Novenber 22, 1955, 2pp.

Improved Orde r o f Red Men Newsclippings

Misce l laneous I t e m s C o l l e c t e d b y Johnson

4'- - P r i n t e d c i r c u l a r on a t r a i n excu r s ion t o O n t a r i o Beach Park. August 12 , 1903, l p .

J - P r i n t e d newspaper "The C o r i n t h i a n " c o n t a i n i n g a photo and w r i t e- u p on Johnson, Rochester, New York, October, 1921

- P r i n t e d program on the on the B e n e f i t En te r t a inmen t b y Timber W o l E and h i s O r i g i n a l Seneca I n d i a n s . J anua ry 1 5 , 1932, B u f f a l o , N e w York.

Folder 2 9 : Continued :

- Ms. l e t t e r t o Johnson from h i s wife, Arlene. ( ~ p r i l 6 , 1954), lp . ~ccompanying envelope postmarked Fishers, New York, April 7, 1954. 7 ~ , / 3 3 , /sf?

-Printed telegram notifying Johnson of death of Cyantwaka. (July, 1956?). 70 ,133 .5

-Typescript l e t t e r t o Johnson from W. Stephen Thomas, Director, Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences, t o send Johnson a copy of a photo of the wampum "Horns of Office". ( ~ o c h e s t e r , New York, July 18, 1961), lp . See photo with same da te i n photograph folder NO. ? 70, / 33,11 a 7

,/ -photocopy of typescr ipt l e t t e r t o Samuel S. S t ra t ton , U.S. Representative, from John E. Kelley describing a newspaper cl ipping on "Red Power". (July 1, 1968), lp ,

J ' - ~ ~ ~ e s c r i p t l e t t e r from Johnson t o Mrs. Joseph Keppler, wife of a Seneca Indian who held Pine Tree Chieftainship, on the holding of the Joseph Keepler wampum or "Horns of Office" by the Rochester Museum. (22 Almay Road, Rochester, New York, October 1 2 , l968) , lp . 70, r33,r7

KCppLCC d-Typescript l e t t e r t o Johnson from Mrs. Joseph Keephx on

same subject a s above. (Newburgh, New York, October 19, 1961 lpk 7 0 , 1 3 3 ~ 1 7

-Photocopy of typescr ipt a r t i c l e from Hartwick College Bul le t in , Oneonta, New York, on archaeological s i te i n region of Upper Susquehanna River. December, 1968. 70,/33,2 8

v -Photocopy of typescr ipt l e t t e r from Charles F. Hayes, 111, Director, Rochester Museum and Science Center, t o Stephen S. Jones, Jr,, Continental Confederation of Adopted Indians, Santa Ana, Cal i fornia , on the nomination of Johnson for the Indian Achievement Award. Summary of Johnson's major in- t e r e s t s and accomplishments, (Rochester, New York, May 2 , 1973), 2pp.

- Ms. l i s t of names and addresses of some persons l iv ing i n Rochester. Undated and no explanatory information. 7 0 ~ g 3 , 3 j

Pmr of - -Printed c i r cu la r t i t l e d "Sioux C r i t i c H i t s Demonstrators". Undated, lp. I

Folder 2 9 : Continued:

' - ~ s , l i s t expla in ing le t ter abbrev ia t ions , ( ~ r , i t t e n by ~ o h n s o n ? ) , l p ,

/ -p r in ted photo of Timber Wolf and H i s O r i g i n a l Seneca Ind ian Orchestra . Undated,

-Ms. l i s t of p o s i t i o n s h e l d by Johnson. I n envelope 0 marked "Return t o Freeman Johnson1'. Undated. 70.133,6 *

I / - Ms. and p r i n t e d envelope t o Johnson from Department of t h e I n t e r i o r , Undated.

/-MS. memo book w i t h miscellaneous i n £ ormation.

/-Photocopy of newspaper a r i t c l e on S t a t e Names of Indian Der iva t ion , January 8 , 1961.

older 3 0 : Miscellaneous Newsclippings

-older 3 1 : Maps Col l ec ted by Johnson , 70, 1/33, 11 a

- Pr in ted map of t h e "Country of t h e Five Nations of t h e I roquo i s Indians" . Reproduction of same publ ished i n London i n 1728.

- Pr in ted map showing Indian Reservat ions i n United S t a t e s , 1889. Signed on back Freeman Johnson,

- Pr in ted map showing t h e t r o l l y l i n e s of Massachusetts. Copyright 1909 by Rand, McNally and Co.

- Pr in ted map of "The New Europe", June, 1919.

- Pr in ted map of t h e boundaries of t h e Tonawanda Indian Reservat ion ,New York, from U.S. Department of t h e I n t e r i o r , General Land O f f i c e , Washington, D.C., Septeniber 1, 1939.

- Pr in ted map of " Indian Tr ibes , Reservat ions, and Se t t l ement s i n t h e United S t a t e s " , 1939, ( 2 cop ies )

70 ,133 1 \ 2. Folder 32 : Continuat ion of f o l d e r 31

- Pr in ted " H i s t o r i c a l Map of Pennsylvania and New Je r sey" . Sunday News, June 19 , 1949.

Folder 32 : Continued :

-Printed map of "Indian Lands (Areas Operating Under Some Degree of Federal Responsibility)", Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., 1965.

-Printed map of "The Iroquois Today" with outline of New York State and drawings of Iroquois persons and places. Project of Eighth Grade, Mohawk Indian School. Published by Akwesasne Mohawk Counselor Organization, St. Regis Reservation. Undated.

DIPLOMAS

-Ms. and printed diploma-of Freeman Johnson showing his completion of a course in tailoring from Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, ~ennsylvania. April 4, 1907.

*?Oh , 3 3 , \ a % %

-Ms. and printed diploma of Freeman Johnson showing his graduation from the Indian ~ndustrial School, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. April 4, 1907. Signed Freeman Johnson on theback. 7 0 . \ 5 3 , r & 4 a

APPENDIX I1 : . PRINTED BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS OF FREEMAN C. JOHNSON COLLECTION

( R e m o v e d f r o m Johnson C o l l e c t i o n and integrated i n t o the pr in ted book col lect ion of the R o c h e s t e r M u s e u m and Science C e n t e r L i b r a r y . )

A H i s t o r y of the T r e a t y of B i 4 T r e e ( " T r e a t y of B i g T r e e C e n t e n n i e l " ) . L i v i n g s t o n C o u n t y H i s t o r i c a l Society. A.O. B u n n e e l , p r i n t e r . D a n s v i l l e N.Y. N o date.

" A m e r i c a E u r o p e a n i z e d " . G e o r g e P . D e c k e r . R e s e a r c h and T r a n s a c t i o n s of the New Y o r k State Archaeoloqical A s s o c i a t i o n , M o r g a n C h a p t e r , R o c h e s t e r N.Y., 1 9 2 5 .

" C h a p t e r 2 6 of the C o n s o l i d a t e d L a w s , Indian L a w t 1 f r o m L a w s of New Y o r k . pp.1531-1568.

" G o v e r n m e n t and I n s t i t u t i o n s of the Iroquois". ' L e w i s H e n r y M o r g a n . R e s e a r c h and T r a n s a c t i o n s of the ~ e w k o r k S ta te ~rchaeoloqical A s s o c i a t i o n . V o l . V I I , N o , l . M o r g a n C h a p t e r , R o c h e s t e r , N.Y., 1928.

Iroquois. Samuel P . M o u l t h r o p . Signed by author. E. H a r t , P u b l i s h e r , R o c h e s t e r , 1901.

L e a q u e of the H o- d e- n o- s a u- n e e or ~ r o q u o i s . L e w i s H e n r y M o r g a n . D o d d , M e a d and C o , , N.Y., 1904.

"New Y o r k Ind ians" , H e a r i n g s B e f o r e a S u b c o m m i t t e e of the C o m m i t t e e on I n t e r i o r and I n s u l a r A f f a i r s . U.S. Senate , 80th C o n g r e s s , on B i l l s S.1683, S.1686, S.1687. March 9-11, 1948. U.S. G o v e r n m e n t , ' P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , Washington, D.C., 1948.

"New Y o r k S ta t e ~ e g i s l a t u r e , 1969-197011, s u p p l e m e n t of the New Y o r k R e d B o o k , W i l l i a m s Press, A l b a n y , N.Y., 1969.

N o t e s on the ~ r o q u o i s . H e n r y Schoolcraft. A l b a n y , N.Y., 1847.

" O f f i c i a l C o n g r e s s i o n a l D i r e c t o r y , 79 th C o n g r e s s , 1st session, January 3 , 1945". Second ed i t ion . A u g u s t 14, 1945. U.S. G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e . Washington, D.C.