Freedom of Speech Chapter 3 CSC 301 Part 5 Net …...Freedom of Speech – Chapter 3 CSC 301 Part 5...
Transcript of Freedom of Speech Chapter 3 CSC 301 Part 5 Net …...Freedom of Speech – Chapter 3 CSC 301 Part 5...
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FreedomofSpeech–Chapter3CSC301
Part5–NetNeutralitySpring2018
HowardRosenthal
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CourseNotes:
� Muchofthematerialintheslidescomesfromthebooksandtheirassociatedsupportmaterials,belowaswellasmanyofthereferencesattheclasswebsite
Baase,SaraandHenry,Timothy,AGiftofFire:Social,Legal,andEthicalIssuesforComputingTechnology(5thEdition)Pearson,March9,2017,ISBN-13:978-0134615271Quinn,Michael,EthicsfortheInformationAge(7thEdition),Pearson,Feb.21,2016,ISBN-13978-0134296548
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LessonGoals
� Definingnetneutrality� Understandingtheissues� Prosandconsofnetneutrality
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WhatIsNetNeutrality� TrueNetNeutralitysaysthatallInternettrafficshouldbetreatedexactlythesame
� NetNeutralitydescribes� Howtelephoneandcablecompaniesinteractwiththebroadbandcustomers
� Howtheysetchargesforservices� Iftheycanchargepremiumfeesforhigherratesofaccesstosomeservices
� DowehavetrulyfreespeechifsomepeoplecanpaymoretospeakorcommunicatemorequicklyovertheInternet?
� TheTelecommunicationsActof1996isinconsistentwithnetneutralityinthatitstates� “ItisthepolicyoftheU.S.…topreservethevibrantandcompetitivefreemarketthatpresentlyexistsfortheInternetandothercomputerservices,unfetteredbyFederalorStateregulation”
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TheTwoBasicIssues� Doesdifferentcontentwarrantdifferenttreatmentbasedon
� Thecontent� Thecategoryofcontent� Theproviderofthecontent� The“needforspeed”
� Canthecommunicationscompaniesandnetworksprovidedifferentlevelsofspeedorpriorityatdifferentpricelevelsto� Contentproviders(inparticularformovies)andgaming� Individualsubscribers
� Whyshouldcommunicationscompaniesbedifferentfromothercompaniesthatprovidepremiumservices� FEDEX� Expresslanesonhighways� Largequantitydiscounts� Guaranteedprioritizationduringshortage–hospitalsand
electricity
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ThreeSidesofNetNeutrality
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ProsofNetNeutrality(1)� NetworkneutralityprohibitsISPsprovidingand/orchargingonline
servicessuchasXBoxLive,PlayStationPlus,Skype,andNetflixfor"fastlanes".� Theseextracostsfor"fastlanes"areproblematicbecausetheycan
maketheservicesmoreexpensiveforInternetusersandalsomaypreventsmallcompaniesfromreceivingthenetworkbandwidthandspeednecessarytocompetewiththebigcompanieswhohavethebudgettoreachagreementswithISPs
� Interestinglymanycompaniesthatarenottelecommunicationsproviders,includingAmazon,NetflixandGoogle,amongstothersarguefornet-neutrality� Theyworryabouttelecommunicationsprovidersthatarealsocontentproviders
skewingthenetintheirfavor� Netneutralityavoidsdiscriminationamongusersensuringsimilar
accesstoinformationforpeopleofdifferentsocio-economicstatus.� Telecomsthatarealsocontentproviderscanbiasnetworksintheir
favor� Withoutneutrality,high-speedInternetforentertainmentcouldbe
prioritizedovereducation.� ISPscouldchangepremiumfees(“pay-to-play”)toenjoyspecial
accesstopubliclibraries,benefitingtherichestpeople.
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ProsofNetNeutrality(2)� Networkneutralityhelpstopromotefreedomofchoice,asISPscannotobstructorincentivizeparticularcontentsorsitesoverothers
� Anti-blockingandanti-discriminationrulespreventtheISPsfromarbitrarilydecidingtolimitaccessorpromotesometypeofcontent.� TheroleofISPsistoonly"transport"datatotheusersthathavepaidfordelivery,andthereforetheyshouldnotshapecontentconsumptionpatterns.
� Netneutralitypromotesalevelplayingfieldforcompetingcompanies.
� Thereisnotenoughcompetitionavailableinthenetworkproviderindustrytoavoidthetemptationsandabusesofnearmonopolies
� See“HowtheFCC'sNetNeutralityPlanBreaksWith50YearsofHistory|WIRED.pdf”inthereferences
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ConsofNetNeutrality(1)� Regulationimposingnetneutralitywouldlimitnewbusinessideasandconceptsandcouldbeconsideredcontrarytofreemarketrules.
� Sponsoredcontentand“pay-to-play”schemesmaygoagainstthenetneutralityspirit,buttheycanhelpcompaniesimprovetheoverallservicetheyoffer.� HeavierInternetusersmaybechargedmore.
� On-lineheavyusegameplayerscanabsorbtremendousamountsofbandwidth–isthatreallyneutral
� WiththatextramoneyISPscouldincreasethebandwidthforallInternetusers.
� ThankstosponsorshipssomemobiletelecomoperatorsmayofferfreeInternetAccesstosomecontents.� Thismayenablethosewhodon’thavedatacontractsontheirsmartphonestosurfsomeareasintheInternetforfree.
� Similarly,itwouldreducetheconsumptionofotherusers’dataallotments.
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ConsofNetNeutrality(2)� RegulationfornetneutralitymaylimitthetoolsofgovernmentsandISPstofightagainstonline“piracy”.� MaterialinfringingcopyrightlawswillbeeasilysharedusingP2P
software.ISPsorgovernmentswon'tbeabletoblockorfilterthesetypesofcontent,ifnetneutralityisfullyrespected.
� Netneutralityrulesmakeitmoredifficulttomonitorandcontrolcontroversialadultcontent.
� Somedefendersofnetneutralityquestiongovernmentintervention.Forthemitshouldemergeorganicallyornaturallybutnotimposedthroughlaws.� Whatharmisthereinthecurrentsystemrequiringnew
regulations?� Arewecreatinganewclaimright?
� Eventhegovernmenthascreatedfirstcarpoolandthenpaidexpresslanesonthefreewaysforthosewhowanttogofaster
� See“Netneutrality/whatarethebestargumentsforAjitPaiandtheFederalCommunicationCommission's.pdf”inthereferences
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InConclusion
� Weareprotectedinourrighttofreespeechfromgovernmentinterference
� WiththeriseoftheInternetwholenewareasforfreespeechhavearisen� Dowehavetherighttodemandfreespacetopublishour
thoughts?� Canthegovernment,whichisneededtopreventchaosonthe
Internet,regulateorenforcefreeaccess?� Whenyouaredealingwithaworld-wideresource,howdothese
variousculturesandgovernmentscreatethemostequitablesystem?
� WhatisacrimeontheInternet?Leaking,pornography,bullying…..
� Whoenforcestherules?Thecontentorinfrastructureproviders,thegovernment,aquasigovernmentregulatingbody…
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