Free Tools, Hints, and Tricks - Adams...

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Transcript of Free Tools, Hints, and Tricks - Adams...

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Free Tools, Hints, and Tricks

Russell [email protected]

Thursday 9/24/2009

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Tools, Hints, and Tricks

Houston AIX Users Group

September 24th, 2009

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Shameless Self Promotion

Principal Consultant @ Adams Information Services LLC

http://www.adamsinfoserv.com/

IBM CATE

Provides Nationwide consulting services for IBM's AIX, pSeries, SANStorage, and HACMP

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Tools

Valuable Free Add-on Software!

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NMON

NMON is an open tool written by Nigel Gri�ths

URL

Now included in AIX as a fully supported tool!

5.3 TL96.1 TL2VIOS 2.1

Comprehensive Performance Data Collection

Record performance data before you need it

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NMON

Quick to setup

Create 2GB /var/nmon

Add cron job

0 0 * * * /usr/bin/nmon -f -m /var/nmon

Collection proceeds for 23:55, named by host and date

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NMON Analyzer

NMON Analyzer is an open tool written by Stephen Atkins

URL

Excel spreadsheet/macro to analyze NMON recording

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NMON Analyzer

CPU Utilization, including APV/Micropartitioning

Memory Utilization

IO Throughput

Disk Busy %

Network Tra�c

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NMON Analyzer

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NMON Analyzer

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NMON Analyzer

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NMON Analyzer

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NMON Analyzer

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NMON Analyzer

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NMON Consolidator

Another Excel tool written by Stephen Atkins

URL

Combine NMON recordings for all LPARs in a CEC

Narrow focus on CEC Utilization

CPU / Memory / IO

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NMON Consolidator

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NMON Consolidator

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NMON Consolidator

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AIX Linux Toolkit

URL

Fantastic OSS Tools

Precompiled for AIX

Easy to install RPMs

Ships with AIX on CD

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OpenSSH

URL

Migrated out of Toolkit to Expansion Pack

Recommended as more secure replacement of:

telnetftpr-commands (rcp, rsh, etc. . . )

Key-based authentication can minimize password usage

OpenSSL provided on AIX Linux Toolkit CD

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Lsof

URL

Migrated out of Toolkit to Expansion Pack

Lists open �les

Additional functionality over fuser

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Rsync

URL

Di�erential Remote File Copy Tool

Standalone Daemon or over SSH

Maintain Mirrors, DR copies, Backups

Data Migration Tool

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Sudo

URL

Allow non-root users to run speci�c commands

Free alternative to tools like Powerbroker

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Screen

URL

Multiplex your terminal window

Use to allow multiple viewers of a session

Leave long running jobs to connect to later

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Bash

URL

Smart tab completion

Arrow key support

Can be made default shell for regular users

Do not change root's default shell

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Less

URL

Less is more

Smart paging

Arrow key support

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Wget

URL

Fetch �les via URL at the command line

Skip downloading to PC then FTP

ie: Updating invscout catalog

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Text Editors

Emacs: URL

VIM: URL

Color syntax highlighting

Modern editors for sophisticated editing

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Misc Tools

Wireshark: URL

Packet sni�ng and Network debugging

Apache: URL

Basic webserver

Coreutils: URL

Color ls output

Di�utils: URL

Uni�ed Di�

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Misc Tools

Zip/Unzip: URL

Share zip �les with PC's

Expect: URL

TCL extension for scripting text applications

RCS: URL

Simple single �le version controlURL

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Misc Tools

Org-mode: URL

Note taking, organizer, TODO lists, etc.

Microsoft Virtual Desktop Manager: URL

Split into desktops to organize windows

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Hints

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Backup

Backup and Restoring AIX

URL

Stacking mksysb and savevg

URL

Automating HMC Backup

bkconsdata -r ftp -h hostname -u username �passwd

password

Can trigger remotely via ssh w/ keys in cronjobURL

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SUMA

Automate download of software updates

Ideal for NIM server LPP sources

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SUMA Example

suma -x-a Action=Download-a RqType=SP-a RqName=5300-05-05-a FilterML=5300-05-a DLTarget=/usr/sys/inst.images/5300-05-05-a FilterSysFile=/dev/null-a FilterDir=/usr/sys/inst.images-a Supersedes=n-a ResolvePE=Never-a Extend=y> /usr/sys/inst.images/5300-05_5300-05-05.txt

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Snap

Poor man's documentation

Essentially a compressed tarball

snap -ac captures all system data

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Snap Contents

�lesys

df -kmountlsfslsvglspvlslv

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Snap Contents

general

lsattr -Ellslpp.hacoslevel.infoCopies of common system �les from /etc

kernel

bootinfovmo -Llssrc

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Snap Contents

lsvirt

lsvirt.out all Virtual Device Mappings

lvm

lspvlsvg

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Snap Contents

svCollect

VIO server mapping data

tcpip

netstatCommon tcpip con�g �les

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Common VMM Tuning

Database memory usage con�icts with JFS cache

Symptom is high non-computational memory (FS cache)URL

AIX < 5.2 ML5 or AIX 5.3 ML2

Lower minperm% from 20 to 5Lower maxperm% and maxclient% from 80 to 20

AIX >= 5.2 ML5 or 5.3 ML2

Toggle lru_�le_repage to 0 (on)

AIX >= 6.1

lru_�le_repage now defaults to 0 (on)

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AIX Misc

Use INLINE logs for JFS2 Filesystems

Use diag to light identity LEDs for maintenance

diag -> Task Selection -> Identify and Attention IndicatorsChoose the hardware location from lscfg -vl <device>

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Invscout

Free �rmware reports from IBM

URL

Requires up to date catalog �le

URLCopy to /var/adm/invscout/microcode/catalog.mic

Run invscout, creates /var/adm/invscout/hostname.mup

Upload .mup to URL

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Invscout Sample Report

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Invscout Sample Report

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Software Location Codes

lsdev default contains software/logical code

ent0 Available Logical Host Ethernet Port (lp-hea)ent1 Available 01-08 2-Port 10/100/1000 Base-TX PCI-XAdapter (14108902)ent2 Available 01-09 2-Port 10/100/1000 Base-TX PCI-XAdapter (14108902)fcnet0 De�ned 02-00-01 Fibre Channel Network Protocol Devicefcnet1 De�ned 03-00-01 Fibre Channel Network Protocol Devicefcs0 Available 02-00 4Gb FC PCI Express Adapter (df1000fe)fcs1 Available 03-00 4Gb FC PCI Express Adapter (df1000fe)fscsi0 Available 02-00-02 FC SCSI I/O Controller Protocol Devicefscsi1 Available 03-00-02 FC SCSI I/O Controller Protocol Devicehdisk2 Available 02-00-02 FC 2145hdisk3 Available 02-00-02 FC 2145

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Software Location Codes

lsdev -F �name status location physloc description�

hdisk0 Available 10-60-00-4,0 P1/Z1-A4 16 Bit LVD SCSI DiskDrivehdisk1 Available 10-60-00-5,0 P1/Z1-A5 16 Bit SCSI Disk Drivehdisk2 Available 10-60-00-6,0 P1/Z1-A6 16 Bit SCSI Disk Drive

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Software Location Codes

Parent/Child Relationship

Find base digits of child deviceie: hdisk0 10-60-00-4,0 -> 10-60

ie: lsdev | grep 10-60

cd0 Available 10-60-00-1,0 16 Bit SCSI Multimedia CD-ROMDrivehdisk0 Available 10-60-00-4,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drivehdisk1 Available 10-60-00-5,0 16 Bit SCSI Disk Drivehdisk2 Available 10-60-00-6,0 16 Bit SCSI Disk Drivescsi0 Available 10-60 Wide/Ultra-2 SCSI I/O Controller

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Hardware Location Codes

lscfg -vl <device>

hdisk0 U78A0.001.xxxxxxx-P2-D5 SAS Disk Drive (146800 MB)Manufacturer. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .IBMMachine Type and Model. . . ...HUS153014VLS300FRU Number. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . ...10N7232Serial Number. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . JFVTXXXXPart Number. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . ..42R4234Device Speci�c.(Z0). . . .. . . .000005329F003002Hardware Location Code. . . ...U78A0.001.DNWGSZB-P2-D5

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Hardware Location Codes

lscfg -vp | grep fcs

fcs1 U78A0.001.xxxxxxx-P1-C3-T1 4Gb FC PCI Express Adapter(df1000fe)fcs0 U78A0.001.xxxxxxx-P1-C2-T1 4Gb FC PCI Express Adapter(df1000fe)

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Hardware Location Codes

lscfg -vp | grep vhost

vhost0 U9117.MMA.10xxxxx-V10-C41 Virtual SCSI ServerAdaptervhost1 U9117.MMA.10xxxxx-V10-C51 Virtual SCSI ServerAdaptervhost2 U9117.MMA.10xxxxx-V10-C61 Virtual SCSI ServerAdaptervhost3 U9117.MMA.10xxxxx-V10-C71 Virtual SCSI ServerAdapter

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VIO

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Slot Numbering

Create VIO servers at upper limit of LPAR ID's

4 CPU box * 10 LPARs / CPU = 40 LPARs max

VIO1 LPAR ID 39 (Note odd!)VIO2 LPAR ID 38 (Note even!)

Create clients from 2-12

1 is reserved for Full System Partition

Increase maximum virtual adapters as needed

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Slot Numbering

Virtual Ethernet in teens (slots 10-19)

Virtual SCSI numbered by client LPAR ID and VIO Server

Client LPAR 4 has VSCSI slot 41 directed to VIO1 slot 41VIO1 has VSCSI slot 41 directed to Client slot 41

Easier to read and infer client

LPAR Mobility breaks numbering, uses �rst available slot on VIOS

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Slot Numbering Diagram

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VSCSI Trace Worksheet

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UDID/IEEE Unique ID Support

Allows transparent migration between direct LUN access and VIO

Without UDID VIO indexes LUNs by PVID

Client writes o�setData �encapsulated�No migration, backup/restore/mirror

lsattr -El hdiskX

IBM drivers often list unique_id attributePowerpath hides it, query ODM directly instead

odmget -q attribute=unique_id CuAt

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VIO Pro�le

set -o vi or set -o emacs

Update path

Update prompt variable (PS1)

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VIO Pro�le

Add to home/padmin.pro�le

export ENV=/home/padmin/.kshrc

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VIO Pro�le

Create home/padmin.kshrc

export PS1=�`hostname`$ �set -o vi

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Tricks

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HMC Virtual Terminal

Java Terminal di�cult to copy/paste

ssh to HMC (ie: ssh [email protected])

Old way to access VT via mkvterm di�cult

vtmenu command presents menu of systems and LPARs

Opens terminal in ssh session!

Copy and paste work normally, depending on SSH client

To exit, <enter> � .

May still require GUI to close dead terminals

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File Sharing

Setup temporary NFS share, not preserved on reboot

exportfs -i /directory

Recommend using CIFS mounts instead of Samba

Instead of serving Windows clients, be a Windows clientPush to Windows serversO�oad security issues

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NIM

smitty eznim

Setup NIM in under an hour

Requires AIX CD/DVD

Creates default SPOT and LPP sources

Great way to get started with NIM

URL

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KSH Keybindings: Vi Mode

set -o vi

URL

Prior command: Esc k

Search history: Esc /string

Filename completion: Esc \

Inline editing movement

Forward Char / Backward: h / lForward Word / Backward: w / bBOL / EOL: 0 / $Edit @ point / after point: i / aEnd editing: Esc

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KSH Keybindings: Emacs Mode

set -o emacs

URL

Prior command: Control-P

Search history: Control-R string

Filename completion: Esc Esc

Inline editing movement

Forward Char / Backward: C-f / C-bForward Word / Backward: Esc-f / Esc-bBOL / EOL: C-a / C-e

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SMIT Keybindings

Vi mode users frustrated?

Smit uses Emacs key bindings!

Backspace: C-h

Delete to EOL from point: C-k

Page down: C-v

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Handy Shell Tricks

grep -p

Grep for paragraphs matching regexpie: grep -p /var /etc/filesystems

/var:dev = /dev/hd9varvol = �/var�mount = automaticcheck = falsefree = falsevfs = jfs2log = /dev/hd8type = bootfs

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Handy Shell Tricks

Iterate Commands across a list of items using xargs or while read

xargs applies list to end of supplied command by defaultxargs common �ags

-t echos each command as it runs

-n1 means one line of input per command

Space sensitive!

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Handy Shell Tricks

Iterate Commands across a list of items using xargs or while read

while read more �exible

Multiple commands

Not limited to applying list item at end of command

Can use quoting to eliminate whitespace sensitivity

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Handy Shell Tricks

Always echo the commands �rst!

Listing devices example:

lsdev -F name | grep ∧fscsi | xargs -tn1 lsattr -El

Bulk set attributes example:

lsdev -F name|grep ∧fscsi|while read X; do chdev -P -l

"$X" -a dyntrk=yes ; done

Mount all FS in a VG

lsvgfs myvg | sort | xargs -tn1 mount

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Screen sharing

Remote login monitoring

Group work / demonstrations

portmir command

Root only, Only one session per OS

Find pty via who or ps -ef

portmir -t pts/7

End via portmir -o

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Finding Large Files

Drill down method:

du -sm * | sort -n

cd to largest suspect and repeat

15 Largest �les in current directory tree:

find . -type f -size +10000 | while read X ; do du -sm

"$X" ; done | sort -n | tail -n 15

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Errpt Emailing

URL

Have errdaemon email you copies of errpt entries in real time

Con�gure sendmail so that mail works

Smart host? (DS line in /etc/sendmail/sendmail.cf)

Create root /.forward �le with comma delimited list of emails tonotify

chmod 400 /.forward

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Errpt Emailing

Add ODM entry which matches all events and triggers email

errnotify:en_pid = 0en_name = �ZZZ_mail_err�en_persistence�g = 1en_method = �errpt -a -l $1 | mail -s �'Errpt $1 $4 $3 $9�' root�

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rc.local vs /etc/rc.d

Old way to add custom startup script was to add an rc.local to inittab

Now create a script in /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99Local instead

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CLI Text Tricks

echo "Line to append" � /file/to/append.txt

Easy to copy and paste across systems, or ssh

cat > /file/to/overwrite.txt

Paste!Control-D ends

Compare large lists by checksum (ie: lslpp)

lslpp -l | cksum

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Q & A

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