FRBR … Maja Žumer National and University Library and University of Ljubljana Slovenia.

FRBR Workshop - Lisbon 9 Oct 2008

FRBR…

Maja ŽumerNational and University Library

and

University of Ljubljana

Slovenia


This presentation

Part 1:

• Stand-in for Barbara Tillett

Part 2:

• My original presentation


About FRBR

• What is it?

• Developments until now

• Challenges

• What is the future?/Is there a future?


Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

• Approved by IFLA in 1997• Published in 1998• Conceptual model of the ‘bibliographic

universe’

• Still ‘new’?


Not the first…

• Cutter’s Rules for a Printed Dictionary Catalog (1876)

• Paris Principles (1961)

• New developments (computers, databases, new materials)

• new user needs, expectations and demands


User functions/tasks• using the data to FIND materials that correspond to

the user's stated search criteria• using the data retrieved to IDENTIFY an entity (e.g., to

confirm that the document described corresponds to the document sought by the user, or to distinguish between two similar documents)

• using the data to SELECT an entity that is appropriate to the user's needs (e.g., to select a text in a language the user understands, or to choose a version of a computer program that is compatible with the hardware and operating system available to the user)

• using the data in order to acquire or OBTAIN access to the entity described


FRBR as conceptual model

• Entity-relationship methodology

• Understanding the bibliographic universe

• Not cataloguing rules

• Not a data model

• Not a format


FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model

• Entities• Relationships• Attributes

13


FRBR EntitiesGroup 1:

(products of intellectual & artistic endeavor)– Work– Expression– Manifestation– Item

14


Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified byone

many

15

Group 1Conceptual/content

Physical/recordingl


EQUIVALENT

Cataloging Rulescut-off point

Same work New work

DERIVATIVE DESCRIPTIVE

Parody

Revision

Translation

Criticism

Variations or versions

Editions SummaryAbstractDigest

Annotated edition

Expurgatededition

DramatizationNovelization

Freetranslation

Imitations

Evaluation

Review

Casebook

Commentary

Abridgededition

Arrangement

ScreenplayLibrettoIllustrated

edition

Slightmodifications Adaptations

Change of genre

Original

Same style or thematic content

Microformreproduction

Copy

Exactreproduction

Facsimile

Reprint

Simultaneous“publication”

Same Expression New Expression

Family of Works

New Work B. TillettDec. 2001


• Manifestation– ID– Title– Publication date– Form/extent of carrier– Terms of availability– Mode of access– etc.

• Item– ID– Ownership– Location– etc.

Group 1 Entities’ Attributes

• Work– ID– Title– Date– etc.

• Expression– ID– Title– Form– Date– Language– etc.

18


FRBR EntitiesGroup 2:(agents related to Group 1 entities)

–Person–Corporate body

20


Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Group 2

is owned by

is produced by

is realized byis created by

21

Person

Corporate Body


FRBR Entities…Subjects of works:• Group1 and Group 2 • Group3:

– Concept– Object– Event– Place

22


LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par Andre Gide.Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm.

CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or

Area Studies Reading Rms

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.

http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612

http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SEQ=20080513101540&PID=29879&SA=Shakespeare,+William,+1564-1616.

http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080513101540&PID=29879&SA=PR2779.H3






Work


http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SEQ=20080513101540&PID=29879&SA=Shakespeare,+William,+1564-1616.

http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=CallNumber&SEQ=20080513101540&PID=29879&SA=PR2779.H3






Expression







Manifestation






Item


“The FRBR revolution”

• User-oriented view of bibliographic data

• Catalogue as a database and not a replica of a card catalogue

• Re-thinking of current cataloguing theory and practice

• potential for interoperability within ALM, rights management, Semantic Web


The “FRBR family”

• FRBR: the original framework– All entities, focusing on Group 1

• FRAR (FRAD): Functional Requirements for Authority Records/Data– Focus on Group 2– Almost finished

• FRSAR: Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records– Focus on Group3– Ongoing


User Tasks FRSAR (2006, 2007):Find one subject

entity or entities

Identify Select Obtain

Additional information about the subject entity

Bibliographic records or resources about this subject entity

Explore

FRBR (1998):FindIdentifySelectObtain

FRAD (2007):Find one entity or entities

Identify an entity

Contextualize, place in context,

explore relationships Justify the form of an access point


FRAD

• Family added in Group 2

• Name as a separate entity


FRSAR

work themahas as subject

is subject of

has appellation

is appellation ofnomen

themahas appellation

is appellation ofnomen

Types of thema implementation-dependent


Other developments

• Clarifications (expression entity, aggregates)

• Interpretation

• Harmonization with CIDOC CRM


CIDOC CRM: museum conceptual model

• “CRM” is for “Conceptual Reference Model”• Developed from 1996 on by ICOM CIDOC (International

Council of Museums – International Committee for Documentation)

• Maintained by CRM-SIG (Special Interest Group)• Accepted as ISO 21127 in September 2006• Covers any kind of data (“descriptive” or “authorities”)

created by museums in the fields of fine arts, archaeology, natural history…


FRBR/CRM Harmonisation• To reach a common view of cultural heritage information

(because we share users and types of materials)• To check FRBR’s internal consistency• To enable interoperability and integration (mediation

tools, Semantic Web applications…)• For FRBR’s and CIDOC CRM’s mutual benefit (to extend

the scope of both)• To open the way to future applications (semantic paths

between heterogeneous library and museum databases)


Outcomes

• Draft of “FRBRoo” published for public comment

• Clarifications of FRBR (manifestation)• Modeling of processes• Publisher (intellectual) contribution• Clarification of concepts, definitions


Obstacles to implementation of FRBR

• Conservative views• Legacy data• Model is perceived as ‘very abstract and

theoretical’• Open to interpretation (e.g. expression)• No data model, no cataloguing rules


But…

• FRBRisation experiments• Some prototypes (OCLC FictionFinder,…)

• VTLS

Some will be presented later


Potential of FRBR

• National bibliographies

• Portals (clustering of results)

• Intellectual rights management


Interoperability

• Within the library community– Acceptance within the community

• Development of the model• Cataloguing rules

– Real-life applications• Data model• Interface

– Legacy data• With other communities in the cultural heritage

sector• Other


On the frontier

• FRBRization

• How do non-librarians see the bibliographic universe?

• Development of prototypes


• Lack of user studies• Does FRBR really fit users?

Two possibilities:1. user studies of existing frbrized systems

(implementations may vary)2. studies of mental models

Pisanski & Žumer, ISKO 2008


1. There may not be a single mental model of the bibliographic universe

2. The more concrete the task, the closer people’s mental models are to FRBR; The more people think about bibliographic universe, the closer their mental models are to FRBR

3. Methodology employed works well

Pisanski & Žumer, ISKO 2008


What remains to be done

• Analysis of attributes

• Integration of the model(s) (FRBR, FRAD, FRSAR)

• More prototypes

• …


Is there a future for FRBR?

• Everybody agrees that traditional catalogues are not easy to use

• They are avoided

• Experiments show that FRBR is close to users’ mental models

• Today’s presentations (and discussions) will confirm the answer


A quote from my favourite book

Here is Edward Bear, coming downstairs now, bump, bump, bump, on the back of his head, behind Christopher Robin. It is, as far as he knows, the only way of coming downstairs, but sometimes he feels that there really is another way, if only he could stop bumping for a moment and think of it. And then he feels that perhaps there isn’t... (A.A. Milne, The House at Pooh Corner)


We need the change, because…

Tu deviens responsable pour toujours de ce que tu as apprivoisé.

(You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed)

C'est véritablement utile puisque c'est joli (It is truly useful since it is beautiful)

(Antoine de Saint-Exupery 'The Little Prince')

FRBR … Maja Žumer National and University Library and University of Ljubljana Slovenia.

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