Franz Joseph HaydnThe ViolinScalesIntervalsString Quartets

October 2014

Vienna has played an important part inmusic history and so has this church.Mozart was married here, and his andAntonio Vivaldi’s funerals were held here.Supposedly Beethoven realized that he wascompletely deaf when he saw the birds flyout of the bell tower but he could not hearthe ringing of its 23 bells.

St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna where Haydn once

was a choirboy is famous for its beautifully tiled roof.

Haydn is one of the most importantcomposers who ever lived. He lived inAustria during the Classical Period of

music. He is often called the Father of theSymphony, because he made this form ofmusic popular and composed more than 100symphonies during his lifetime. He is alsoknown as the Father of the String Quartet. Haydn lived a long and busy life devoted to

composing music. He was born to a poor fami-ly in a small village but grew up to be a beloved

composer who wroteand performed musicfor princes. By theend of his life, Haydnwas known as one ofthe greatest com-posers in the world.

Haydn as a BoyHaydn was born in

a small town calledRohrau, which wasin Austria very closeto the border withHungary. Haydn’sfather, Mathias,made wheels for aliving. Haydn saidthat his parents both

loved music and enjoyed singing folk songs,but unlike J.S. Bach’s family, they were not

musicians and did not even know how to readmusic. Despite this, Haydn’s parents realizedthat their young son had a great talent formusic. They also knew that Haydn would notbe able to get a good education in music intheir hometown.To make sure Haydn would have a chance to

learn music, his parents agreed to let Haydnleave home to study music with a relative whowas a schoolmaster and choirmaster in anothertown. At age 6, Haydn left home to become astudent and musical apprentice. Haydn wouldnever see his parents again. This was a difficulttime in Haydn’s life because his new school wasvery strict, and he often did not have enoughfood to eat. Haydn was also embarrassed abouthis clothes, which he thought were dirty andshabby. Despite these hardships, Haydn startedhis musical training and learned a lot, includinghow to read and write music and how to singand play many instruments.Haydn must have been a good singer as a boy.

When the musical director of St. Stephen’sCathedral was visiting, he heard Haydn sing andselected him to be a choir boy in the church. St.Stephen’s was one of the most important musi-cal centers in Europe, and it was a great honorfor Haydn to sing there. As Haydn grew older,however, he was no longer able to sing the highparts, and the choir director no longer wantedhim there. One day when Haydn was about 17,he carried out a mean prank and cut off the pig-tail of another person in the choir. This madethe choir director very mad, and it gave him areason to send Haydn away.

Haydn’s Work as a Professional MusicianAfter the church dismissed him, a friend

gave him a place to stay, and Haydn had tobegin looking for jobs as a musician. Heworked as a music teacher, street singer, and

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Franz Joseph Haydn(1732-1809)

Haydn’s Music• Over 100 symphonies• 84 string quartets• 53 piano sonatas• 25 concertos• 12 masses• 10 oratorios

Haydn wrote mostly livelyworks with delightfulmelodies and rich har-monies. He thought themelody was the most impor-tant part of music and thehardest to compose.

The Classical Period

accompanist. During this time, Haydn studiedpieces of music carefully so that he could learnmusic theory and composition. Haydn was nottaught about theory or composition when hewas a choir boy, so he had to learn these thingson his own. Haydn said that he learned a lotfrom studying the music of C.P.E. Bach, whowas the son of J.S. Bach.Just as in the time of Bach, one of the best jobs

for a musician in Haydn’s time was to be a courtmusician for a prince or other noble person.After one of Haydn’s first compositions becamepopular, a noblewoman named Countess Thunasked Haydn to become her singing and key-board teacher. Soon after that, a baron and acount asked Haydn to work for them.

Working for the Esterhazy FamilyHaydn began his best and longest job when

he started working for the wealthy Esterhazy

family. Haydn was hired by Prince Paul Anton,who was the head of the family. The Esterhazysbuilt a new palace in the Hungarian country-side called the Esterháza which is whereHaydn lived and worked much of the time.This was one ofthe fanciest andlargest palacesin Europe. Working for

the Esterhazyfamily was a veryimportant job,and Haydn had many responsibilities. He had towrite original compositions, run the orchestra,perform chamber music, teach and performmusic with members of the Esterhazy family andtheir guests, and put together large-scale per-formances such as operas. The Esterhaza palacewas so big that it had a 400-seat opera house.

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Although the Esterhazy family had manyfancy homes and palaces, they lived atEsterháza for much of the year while Haydnworked for them. Esterháza was an incredi-ble place with over 120 rooms. It cost a for-tune to build and was sometimes comparedto the famous Versailles palace in France. Haydn had an apartment with four rooms

in the servants’ quarters there. There werealso two theaters where Haydn’s music wasperformed.

Although this amazing palace was faraway from any big city, many importantpeople travelled there and heard perform-ances of Haydn’s music. However, after theprince who built it died, later members ofthe family did not want to live there.Haydn’s musicians were sometimes unhap-py about the distance from their homes inEisenstadt (where the main Esterhazypalace was located). This led to Haydn’sfamous “Farewell” Symphony. (See page 5.)

Esterháza

How to Say His NameAlthough it looks like it should be

pronounced Hay-den, it is

High-din

Life with the Esterhazys was a lot of work forHaydn, but it was also a great opportunity fora young composer. Haydn enjoyed a good lifewith the Esterhazys. He had his own maid anda carriage and horses, and he was able to spenda lot of time hunting and fishing, which werehis favorite hobbies. Life with the Esterhazyswas much more comfortable than what Haydnhad experienced growing up, when he did nothave good clothes or enough food to eat.The Esterhazys loved the music that Haydn

composed, and they appreciated his talents.Haydn had his own orchestra, which wouldpractice and perform all of the pieces that hewrote. Even though Haydn lived in a remotepart of Hungary with theEsterhazys, he was still able tohave his pieces published andperformed throughout Europe.Usually, the music written by acourt musician was the propertyof the prince or nobleperson heworked for, but Haydn madesure that he owned the pieceshe composed. By having hismusic published, Haydn becameone of the most famous com-posers in all of Europe, despitethe fact that he lived far awayand worked only for one family.

Fame in London Haydn did not remain with

the Esterhazy family forever.After one of the princes died,

control of the family went to a son who wasnot very interested in music. This son firedmost of the musicians, and Haydn decided tostop working for the family.In his later years, Haydn made two impor-

tant trips to London, England. By this time hewas a famous composer who was knownthroughout Europe. While in London, Haydnperformed a series of concerts and wrote 12 ofhis best symphonies. (These symphonies aresometimes referred to as his LondonSymphonies.)The King of England wanted Haydn to stay

in London, but Haydn decided to return toVienna in Austria at the end of his life. Hisfinal home in Vienna is now a Haydn museum.

Haydn and His MusicHaydn was known to be a hardworking, but

very nice, friendly man. The many musicianswho worked for Haydn all respected him. Haydnwas also admired by other famous musicians.One of Haydn’s good friends was WolfgangAmadeus Mozart. Haydn and Mozart are proba-bly the two most famous composers of theClassical Period. Haydn and Mozart enjoyedeach other’s music, and they sometimes per-formed together in string quartets.Haydn was also known for having a good

sense of humor. Haydn’s cheerful, humorousnature shows up in his music. Most of Haydn’smusic is happy and easy to listen to, and some-times he included musical jokes in his pieces.

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Haydn playing at the keyboard for wealthy noblemen.

From ages 7 to 17 Haydn was a member of the choir at St. Stephen’sCathedral in Vienna.

Haydn wrote over 100 symphonies.Usually symphonies are known by anumber that tells the order it was writ-

ten in. So, for example, Beethoven’s Symphony#9 is the ninth (and last) symphony composedby Beethoven. Sometimes symphonies alsohave names based on what they sound like.This is usually not their official name.Maybe because Haydn wrote so many sym-

phonies, a lot of his works are known by nick-names, not by their numbers. Some of Haydn’ssymphonies are quite unusual, so there are spe-cial reasons for their nicknames.

• The Horn Signal (Symphony #31):This name comes from the impor-tant part the large horn sectionplays.

• The Farewell Symphony (Symphony #45): In thisunusual symphony, the performers exit the

stage, one by one, during the piece.Haydn wrote this work as a hint to hisemployer that the musicians needed abreak. Can you imagine what the audi-

ence was thinking the first time it was per-formed and the musicians just got up and left!

• The Hen (Symphony #83): Thename comes from a theme thatsounds like clucking in the firstmovement.

• The Surprise (Symphony #94): This is one ofHaydn’s best-known works. It has big, surpris-ing changes in dynamics. (Look at the April2014 issue for more on this fun piece.)

• The Military Symphony (Symphony #100):This symphony uses triangles, cymbals,bass drum, and bells, to make the musicsound like Turkish military music.

• The Clock (Symphony #101): thenotes sound like the steady tickingbeat of a clock.

Other ComposersSome symphonies by other composers alsohave nicknames. • Beethoven’s Eroica, or heroic, Symphony(Symphony #3): The musical theme portrays ahero.

• Beethoven’s Pastorale (or pastoral) Symphony(Symphony #6): The music depicts scenes fromnature.

• Bruckner’s Pizzicato Symphony (Symphony #5):Several movements begin with the stringsplaying pizzicato (plucking the strings).

• Prokofiev’s Classical Symphony (Symphony #1)Although Prokofiev was born at the end of theRomantic Period, this work was written in thestyle of the Classical Period.

• Schubert’s Unfinished Symphony (Symphony #8):Schubert wrote only two movements andnever completed it.

Sometimes composers choose nicknames fortheir pieces (and not just for symphonies), butother times the names come from publishers,who think a descriptive title will help sell themusic, or from audiences who notice some-thing interesting about the work.

Go to www.peforkids.com to hear performances ofsome of these symphonies.

Symphony Nicknames

• La Reine, or the Queen,(Symphony #85): MarieAntoinette, the queen ofFrance (1755-1793), lovedthis piece. Marie Antoinette(shown at her clavichord)enjoyed music and learned to play harpsi-chord, spinet, clavichord, and harp. Shewas also a good singer and dancer andwould perform for her family.

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Soaring OverMountains

“Soaring Over Mountains” was written by Lilly Smith, age 17, who lives in North Carolina. Her teacher is Judy Sullivan.

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7

Intervals are the building blocks of melodies and chords. When you canrecognize an interval in the music and know how far apart the notes are onthe piano, you will be able to play more easily.

Two basic intervals that are easy to see are the 2nd and 3rd. If yousee two notes that are a second apart – or right next to each other in

the music – you will know thatthey are right next to eachother on the keyboard as well. The examples below show

some basic intervals. They get abit more complicated as youlearn more about music.

Easy IntervalsWhat is an interval? An interval is the distance between two notes. There are differentnames to describe how far apart the two notes are. (2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, octave)

A 2nd iswhen twonotes are

right next to eachother, such as C to D.A 2nd always goes from a line to a spaceor a space to a line. They are never bothon a line or both on a space. Anotherway to think of an interval of a 2nd is asa step. You step from one note lettername to the next one higher or lower, soyou could also go from D to C.

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A 3rd is an intervalthat spans three notes,

such as from C toE or A to C.Intervals that are a3rd apart arealways either both

on a line or both on a space in themusic. Another way to think of aninterval of a 3rd is as a skip. You gofrom one note letter name, skip thenext and land on the next one.

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3rd

When you move by a skip, you skip a key.

C Eskip D

Octave: An octave is a specialinterval. This is when you go from anote – A for example – and then go

up or down to the nearest A. Try playingall the white keys from one A up to thenext A. How many keys was that? It was 8because there are 7 letters in the musicalalphabet – A B C D E F G – and then westart over again at A. The octa part of theword means 8 – just as in octopus (8arms) and octagon (8 sides).

The violin is an importantinstrument. It plays a keyrole in orchestras and cham-

ber groups (like string quartets)and can give amazing solo perform-ances. It is the smallest and highestmember of the string family, whichalso includes violas, cellos, andstring basses. At orchestra concertsviolinists sit in two sections (1stand 2nd violin) right in front ofthe audience and often play themelody.Violins are made of wood and

have four strings: the E, A, D, andG. The violin was invented duringthe 1500s, although there were ear-lier string instruments that peopleplayed before the violin. Some ofthe finest violins ever made werebuilt in Italy in the 1600s. You mayhave heard of very expensiveStradivarius violins – they weremade by Antonio Stradivari andhis family about 350 years ago.Violinists make sound on the

instrument by drawing a long stickcalled a bow across the strings. Thebow has many strands of horsehairpulled tightly. As they press againstthe string, they make it vibrate. On the piano, you change from

one note to the next by pressing adifferent key. Violinists can makemany different notes by pressing thefingers of the left hand against thestring at different places. They haveto know exactly where to place theirfingers, or the notes sound out oftune.The violin is a beautiful solo

instrument. It has a lovely flowingsound and can also create specialeffects such as bouncing the bowon the string or plucking a stringwith the finger.

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Instrument of the Month

The Violin

Bow

bowhair

chinrest

frog

tipscroll

tuningpegs

fingerboard(black part)

F holes

Strings

Bridge

tailpiece

tuners

Parts of a Violin

Courtesy of Rutgers Summer Band and Orchestra Camp

Practicing Scales

What is a scale?A scale is a series of notes that go up or down in

a particular pattern of intervals. The most com-mon ones you will learn are major and minorscales, but there are many others.Scales are one of the most important things

that all musicians practice. They are like buildingblocks for music. They can teach you about thedifferent keys and their notes. Work on the Gmajor scale, for example, teaches that the key ofG has one sharp, which is F sharp. Because scales have just a few notes, they are

also a good time to practice technique and learnto use your body to play beautifully. Practicingscales will help you become a better musician.

How to Practice ScalesThe simplest way to start practicing

scales is to play just one octave up andthen back down. If you are playing a Cmajor scale, you would start on C, playevery note in the scale up to the next C,and then return back to the original C.

A good next challenge is to play a two-octave scale. Be sure to watch the finger-ings in the second octave. The fingering isthe same as in the first octave, but thetransition can be tricky.

& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 3 2 1

? œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ5 4 3 2 1 3 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5

RememberThe notes of scales may seem easy, once you have played

them a few times. Be sure you do not just play them with-out thinking. Each time you play a scale, try to pick some-thing to work on and improve. Here are some goals tothink about as you practice your scales:

• Use good hand position at all times when playingscales.• Play all of the notes evenly, in a steady, controlled way.• Play in a relaxed manner, with no tension in your bodyor your hands.

Pianists at all ability levels need to continue working ontheir technique, and scale practice is a great way to do this.Scale practice also can provide a good routine for the startof each practice session. You can use them to get warmedup mentally and physically.

Playing TipYou will often find part of a scale (or even a whole

scale) in a piece you are playing. When you find oneof these spots, you already know how to play themusic if you have learned and practiced the scale!Look at the example below (Bach’s Minuet in G).

Do you see the G major scale? It is broken into twochunks, but it is there. If you already know a G majorscale, these notes will be easy to play.

Learn more aboutscales in the

November issue!

& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5

&œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ4 3 2 1 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 3 2 1

Different TemposStart by playing scales

at a slow, easy tempo, andthen try speeding themup, while still playing allof the correct notes,under control.

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G majorscale

1 2 3

4

5 6

7 8

9 10 11

12

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Crossword Puzzle

Down2. Minor _______3. ____ Bach (Haydn admiredhis music4. Friend of Haydn6. Franz Joseph ________8. Piano ________11. Instrument that can havemany keyboards12. “The ____ Signal” (Haydn

Symphony #31)

Across1. _______ Period5. String _________7. Family Haydn worked for9. Keyboard instrument10. Prince Paul _______13. ________ scale14. Haydn travelled here

What was themusician’s favoritegame?

Haydn Seek! (Hideand Seek)

“Young people can learn from my examplethat something can come from nothing. What Ihave become is the result of my hard efforts.”

“I was never a quick writer, and composedwith great care and effort.”

– Franz Joseph Haydn

qh w

h.h

qw

h.

Sudoku

This is just like regular sudoku(enter a number between 1 and 4in each empty square so thateach row, column and 2x2 boxhas all four of the numbersbetween 1 to 4). The only differ-ence is that instead of numbers,you will use notes. Quarter note= 1, half note =2, dotted half note= 3, and whole note = 4.

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With school, homework, and after-school activities, the life of moststudents is busy enough already.

When you add piano lessons and daily prac-ticing, your daily to-do list gets even longer.The rewards of playing an instrument everyday are wonderful, so even when you aretired or would rather spend time playinggames on the computer, it is worth sittingdown to the piano for a good practice eachday. Here are some ways to make that easier.

Make It a HabitPracticing is a habit. As with any other

habit, it takes time to get used to it. The key issticking to it and doing it every day, like mak-ing your bed in the morning or brushing yourteeth. When you get used to doing thosethings, you don’t even think too much aboutthem – you just do them. Practicing can be thesame! If possible, practice at the same timeeach day, and when you are not too tired.

Getting StartedMost students notice that once they get

started, the rest is easy. Getting to the pianobench can be the most difficult part of prac-ticing. Once you are at the instrument, make

sure to begin with something that you like,such as a favorite review piece that is easy toplay. This will remind you about how muchyou love to play music and motivate you topractice new or more difficult pieces.

Challenge YourselfWhen your motivation is low, it helps to

give yourself some small challenges and funrewards for completing them. Some studentsprefer practice charts and check lists to seewhat they have accomplished each day.Keep a practice journal and write down whatyou work on each day. Make some notesabout what went well and where you hadtrouble. Then look back over your notesweeks and months later. You may be sur-prised at how much progress you have made. If you have a good tip for other piano stu-

dents on making practicing easier, pleaseshare it with us! Email your ideas to editor@pianoexplorer.net. The list of names below and on the next

page are students who made a decision topractice every day. When they reach 100days, we print their names in the magazine.Take the 100 Days Challenge and see whatit does for your playing!

Too Tired To Practice?

600 DaysLila Hughes, 8, teacher Jana O. MacKay, Pennsylvania

400 days:Molly Barnes, 11, teacher Denise Steinbach, OregonChad Bird, 13, teacher Julie Smith, UtahGrace Czech, 8, teacher Marilyn Kielbasa, New YorkChristopher Hernandez, 9, teacher Barbara Hemrick and Kelly Myers, GeorgiaVictoria Sindlinger, 10, teacher Joan Krzywicki, Pennsylvania12

300 days:FloridaPaul Wubbena IV, 6, teacher Mara LauzumsNew YorkBella Lippert, 6, teacher Marilyn KielbasaAndrew Janowski, 11, teacher Marilyn KielbasaNorth CarolinaHelena Bunte, 11, teacher Judi KochikNorth DakotaMonroe Adams, 10, teacher Amanda AdamsJonathan Redfearn, 11, teacher Amanda AdamsAbigail Redfearn, 8, teacher Amanda AdamsBangkok, ThailandStanley Holewa, 8, teacher Mink Nimkingratana

200 daysFlorida Charis Schell, 11, teacher Virginia GrissomChristina Sun, 7, teacher Mara LauzumsMinnesotaLydia Haupt, 7, teacher Lori DeBrunnPeter Haupt, 9, teacher Lori DeBrunnXander Haupt, 15, teacher Lori DeBrunnNew YorkEllie Meehan, 7, teacher Marilyn Kielbasa

100 daysCaliforniaShreya Tyagi, teacher Sue Dibble Maximus Breen, 6, teacher Becky MaussOlympia Breen, 8, teacher Yukiko NoblesGeorgiaValentina Barrera Coeto, teacher Judy Blase IndianaJane Zhang 11, teacher Sue McClary

MarylandNatalie De La Oliva, 6, teacher Irina GuverichMichiganDaniel Arntz, 11, teacher Kristy Shervish Jason Arntz, 9, teacher Kristy ShervishGrace LaQuiere, 11, teacher Kristy ShervishMinnesotaMichael Taylor, 8, teacher Elizabeth DeweyAurora Scott, 8, teacher Lori DeBrunnJonah Scott, 8, teacher Lori DeBrunnNew YorkMae Welsby, 10, teacher Marilyn KielbasaParker Flis, 11, teacher Marilyn KielbasaChrystalia DeBrady, 11, teacher MadeleineSarkissianTexasDavid Fleming, 10, teacher Elizabeth GutierrezJamie Zhang, teacher Cherry Harvey PottsUtahGrant Ward, 10, teacher Julie SmithBlythe Sumsion, 11, teacher Julie DockterHannah Nackos, 9, teacher Julie DockterRyan Wall, 11, teacher Julie DockterMakenna Dockter, 10, teacher Julie DockterEva Dockter, 8, teacher Julie DockterMya Robinson, 8, teacher Julie DockterRachel Groberg, 10, teacher Julie DockterWashingtonLydia Koenig, 8, teacher Karen MonroeElaina Koenig, 10, teacher Karen MonroeAshwin Chintalapati, 9, teacher Bonnie DebuWisconsinShreya Godishala, teacher Judy PaschGo to www.peforkids.com to get your practice chart.

1 - Vladimir Horowitz (1903-1989)Russian/ American pianist

9 - Camille Saint-Saëns (1835-1921)French composer

10 - Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) Italianopera composer

12 - Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958)English composer

14 - Gary Graffman (b. 1928) Americanpianist

20 - Charles Ives (1874-1954) InnovativeAmerican composer

21 - Sir Georg Solti (1912-1997) One of the greatest conductors of the20th century.

22 - Franz Liszt (1811-1886) Hungariancomposer and pianist

25 - Johann Strauss, Jr. (1825-1899)Austrian composer, the “Waltz King”

26 - Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757)Italian composer and harpsichord vir-tuoso, son of Alessandro Scarlatti

27 - Niccolò Paganini (1782-1840) Italianviolin virtuoso and composer

Happy BirthdayThese musicians were all born in October.

Birthday

13

Even if you know the cor-rect way to sit at the piano,it is easy for bad habits to

slip in. One really importantthing to check is whether youare playing with a straight back.Many students start their prac-ticing out with a beautifullystraight back, but look slouchyand hunched over by the timethey finish playing. This happens because they get

so involved in the details of themusic. They are focusing on cor-rect notes and rhythms, finger-ings, transitions, and evenness oftone. There are always so manythings to pay attention to thatthe really obvious and simpleones can sometimes slip away. To make sure you don’t devel-

op a bad habit of slouchingwhile playing, check your backafter each segment of your prac-tice session. If you forget, write a

note and put it on the piano tohelp you remember – stickynotes work well! Another good idea is to put a

mirror on the side of the piano,so that you can see yourself andyour posture. Whenever youlook in the mirror, check for astraight back. Breathing a fewdeep breaths once every fewminutes helps a lot, too. Whenwe take a deep breath, we usual-ly straighten out the back andpull the shoulders back in theirplace, which prevents slouching.

Quick Posture Check

Do you start out like this

but end up like that?

Posture ChecklistStraight back – it should look tall and straight but not tense.Shoulders down. Sit on front half of bench.Bench at correct height.Feet flat on the floor.Enough space between you and the piano – not too far or tooclose!

��

String QuartetA string quartet is a chamber

group that was popular duringHaydn’s time. A small group ofmusicians could play and entertainpeople at a time when there was noradio, television, or mp3 players. Itwas meant to be played in a chamber(or room) instead of a large concerthall. Noblemen during Haydn’s eramight have chamber ensembles per-form for their families and guests. Haydn wrote many chamber works

and helped develop the style. He isthe reason string quartets became sofamous. Supposedly, when Haydnwas 18 years old, a nobleman want-ed some music. The musicians whowere available to play were two vio-linists, a viola player and a cellist.Haydn wrote a work for them, and itwas a huge success.

Haydn went on to write manymore string quartets, and later com-posers, including Mozart, Beetho-ven, Schubert, Brahms, Debussy,Ravel, and Bartók, built on his ideas.Haydn’s string quartets were sofamous that his nickname was the“Father of the String Quartet.” (Healso wrote many piano trios forpiano, violin and cello – in whichthe piano usually plays the mostimportant part.)In a string quartet there are 4

instruments – 2 violins, 1 viola, and acello. Although the first violin is theleader, all of the musicians are impor-tant. They have to learn to watchand play together so well that they donot sound like four separate playersbut like one big string instrument.

Haydn playing string quartets.

14

1. Haydn lived in the _____period.

a. Baroqueb. Classicalc. Romanticd. Modern

2. The violin is a member of thestring family. Name three morestring instruments:

__________________________

__________________________

__________________________

3. Haydn was Mozart’s friend.a. trueb. false

4. D and E are a _____ apart.a. 2ndb. 3rdc. 4thd. octave

5. Haydn’s “Surprise” Symphonyis famous because the orchestragot up and walked off stage inthe middle.

a. trueb. false

6. Violins make sound by ____a. pressing their fingers onthe fingerboard.b. drawing a bow over thestrings.c. adjusting the tuning pegsd. moving the bridge backand forth.e. none of the above

7. Haydn lived in London formost of his life.

a. trueb. false

8. What is an octave?

_________________________

_________________________

9. A violin has ____ strings.a. 3b. 4c. 6d. 8

10. Haydn was a hardworking,nice person.

a. trueb. false

Ann Rohner Callis, editor; Malgorzata Bagley, consulting editor. ©2014 Piano Explorer Co., all rights reserved. None of the content may beduplicated or reprinted without advance written permission. Telephone: 888-446-6888 or 847-446-5000 or fax 847.446.6263 www.PEforkids.com,e-mail: editor@pianoexplorer.net. Clavier’s Piano Explorer, ISSN-0279-0858, Vol. 35, No. 2, is published monthly except June and August for $6 per student per year for 5 or more copies,$12 each for less than 5 copies (Canada: groups $12 per student, regular $26; Other Foreign Delivery: groups $17 per student, regular $34) Periodicals postage paid at Winnetka, Illinois & add’l.mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Clavier’s Piano Explorer, 200 Northfield Road, Northfield, Illinois 60093.

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Crossword Puzzle (page 11)

Chain Puzzle (page 11):Harmony

Word Scramble (page 11)1. piano2. organ3. clavichord

Quiz - found online last month 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. a 7. d

Answers to September Puzzles

Quiz