Paul Bernd Spahn, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main1 Lecture 6 UNDERSTANDING EXCHANGE RATES (2)
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NETWORK-Lipolysis© 2004
Arbeitsgruppe IVArbeitsgruppe IV
CellulitebehandlungCellulitebehandlungmit der Lipolysemit der Lipolyse
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Dr. Patrick Treacy (IRL)
Medical Director of Ailesbury ClinicPlastic Surgery
Speaker:
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“An Evaluation of Cellulite”the past, present and future
Dr. P. Treacy M.D.
Medical Director
Ailesbury Clinic Dublin Ireland
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What is Cellulite?
• Cellulite is a term that is used to describe fat deposits under the skin that outwardly give the skin a dimpled, or orange-peel like appearance. It is estimated that up to 80% of women have a problem with cellulite.
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• Cellulite is a term originally coined in European salons and spas in the 1970’s to describe deposits of dimpled fat found on the thighs and buttocks of many women
The History of the term ‘Cellulite’
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• Widespread promotion of the concept in the United States followed the 1973 publication of Cellulite: Those Lumps, Bumps and Bulges You Couldn't Lose Before, by Nicole Ronsard ,
• Nicole Ronsard was the owner of a New York City beauty salon that specialized in skin and body care
The Concept of Cellulite Grows
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Fat Layer of Skin
• The fat layer of skin is located in the subcutaneous layer of tissue called the hypodermis.
• The thickness of the fat layer, which varies greatly from one person to another, depends on the size and number of fat cells
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• Strands of fibrous tissue connect the skin to deeper tissue layers and also separate compartments that contain fat cells. When fat cells increase in size, these compartments bulge and produce a waffled appearance of the skin.
The Physiology of Cellulite
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What happens during Cellulite?
• Cellulite is most often seen in women due to hormonal reasons. The fat is arranged in large chambers of macromolecules separated by columns of collagen fibres.
• In people who are overweight excess fat is stuffed in these fibrotic compartments causing them to bulge out.
• On the surface of the skin the bulging provides the dimply appearance of cellulite, especially in areas such as the hips, buttocks or thighs.
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What causes the ‘Dimpling’ of Skin ?
• The ‘dimpling’ is caused by modification of the texture of the subcutaneous tissue due to oedema and fibrosis secondary to impaired circulation and degradation of the tissue in
this area .
• Alteration and lack of fluid exchange from poor diet, lack of exercise, genetics and other things, helps promote hypertrophy of the adiposities which in turn further aggravates microcirculatory and vascular problems.
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So what exactly is Cellulite?
• Cellulite is localised fat ‘caught in a jail’ of interstitial connective
tissue
• Cellulite is a combination of adipocytes + fibrotic tissue + exudate from vascular origin
• Cellulite is a lack of drainage of fluid secondary to venous + lymphatic stasis because of genetic, hormonal and even environmental reasons
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1 .HEREDITY
2 .HORMONAL -premenstrual syndrome, puberty, pregnancy, menopause, hormonal treatment
3 .VENOUS and LYMPHATIC stasis
4 .NUTRITION insufficient water intake
- excess of sugars, fats
5 .LACK of EXERCISE - sedentary occupation
6 .NERVOUS SYSTEM - stress
What are the Causes of Cellulite ?
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GYNOID HYDROLIPODYSTROPHY
• Cellulite is most often seen in women due to hormonal reasons.
• GYNOID
• There is segmental odema secondary to venous and lymphatic stasis
• HYDRO
• The fat becomes dystrophic as it is arranged in chambers separated by columns of interstitial connective tissue
• LIPODYSTROPHY
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• Stage 1 Problem seems to appear whenever you press skin
• Stage 2 Dimpling of skin only appears as the patient stands up
• Stage 3 ‘Peau de orange’ is present when the patient is lying down
• Stage 4 You can actually feel knots in the tissue when you touch it
The Different Grades of Cellulite
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The Physiology of Stages 1 & 2
• Stage 1 and 2
• The problem only appears whenever you press skin or the patient stands up. This in effect is caused by localised oedema secondary to vascular and capillary extravasation with dissociation of the adipocytes
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The Physiology of Stages 3 & 4
• Stage 3 •‘ Orange skin’ is seen whenever the
patient is lying down. This is caused by the formation of micronodules of both normal and larger adipocytes encapsulated by a network of collagen fibres
• Stage 4
• The problem is present at all times because the micronodules fuse together to form painful
subcutaneous macronodules.
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•In 1996 Neil Solomon, M.D., conducted a double-blind study of 100 people to see whether cellulite differed from ordinary fat.
•Specimens of normal fat and cellulitic fat were obtained by a needle biopsy procedure and given to pathologists for analysis and comparison.
•The pathologists found no difference between the two clinical types of fat
The Medical Evaluation of Cellulite begins
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•In 1998, researchers at the Rockefeller Institute used ultrasonography, microscopic examinations, and some fat-metabolism studies to see whether “cellulitic" skin and normal skin differed in seven healthy adult subjects (five women, two men; four affected, three unaffected
The Medical Investigation of Cellulite
• Rosenbaum M and others. ‘An exploratory investigation into the morphology and biochemistry of cellulite’. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 101:1934-1939, 1998
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• The researchers concluded
•( a )certain characteristics of skin make women more prone than men to develop cellulite
•( b ) the process is diffuse rather than
; l ocalized and
•( c ) there were no significant d ifferences in the appearance or f unction of the fatty tissue or the r egional blood flow between
affected a nd unaffected sites withinindividuals
The Medical Concept of Cellulite
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•“ Anticellulite" products sold through retail outlets, by mail, through the Internet include "loofah" sponges; cactus fibres; special washcloths; horsehair mitts; creams and gels to "dissolve" cellulite; supplements containing vitamins; minerals and/or herbs bath liquids; massagers rubberised pants; exercise books; brushes; rollers; body wraps; and toning lotions.
The World Market for Cellulite products
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•“ Anticellulite" products sold through retail outlets, by mail, through the Internet also include tablets that work while you are awake and others that reduce
cellulite…..while you sleep!
The Growing Market for Cellulite Products
135 million Europeans are overweight 50 million Europeans suffer from obesity This is an increase of 25% in ten years
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Body Wrapping
• The wrapping causes temporary water loss by compression and by perspiration. The water is quickly replaced within 24 hours and the
concept that toxins can be removed by this method is absurd . .
• Body wrap advocates claims this technique works because ‘cellulite’ is really water logged fatty tissue. ‘Suddenly Slender’ markets clinics in the U.S. and Canada. Heavily marketed as clients are dressed up like mummies and it makes good
television .
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•Herbal Product developed by Italian chemist called Gianfranco Merizzi. Ingredients include compounds clover extract, evening primrose oil, fucus vesiculosis, bioflavanoids, soya lecithin, ginko biloba, iron
oxide and fish oil .
Cellasene®
March, 1999, on CNBC-TV, Rexall's CEO claimed 3 clinical trials demonstrated a 90% success rateResults would not be submitted to scientific journals because they did not want to reveal the amounts of each ingredient in its formula. Under pressure tests showed no controls or validity
Lis-Balchin M. Parallel placebo-controlled clinical study of a mixture of herbs sold as a remedy for cellulite. Phytotherapy Research 13:627-629, 1999. showed no effect with Cellasene
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•The FDA considers promotion of muscle stimulators or Iontophoresis devices for any type of body shaping or contouring
to be fraudulent
Relax-A-Cizor, claimed to reduce girth by delivering electric shocks to the muscles. 410,000 units were sold for $200 to $400 before FDA obtained an injunction in 1970 to prohibit sales because of its potentially harmful effects which included abnormal heart rhythms, miscarriages, and worsening of hernias, ulcers, and epilepsy.
FDA. Electrical Muscle Stimulators and Iontophoresis Devices. Import Alert #89-01, revised 3/17/97.
Electrical Stimulation Devices and Iontophoresis
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• 1998, FDA approved a French technique Endomologie, which onsisted of a treatment head with 2 motorised rollers and a suction device that compressed affected tissue between the rollers .
The introduction of Endermologie®
The manufacturer got approval for "temporarily improving the appearance of cellulite”
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• Endermologie®, was a subdermal approach to treating cellulite. It was pioneered by LPG Systems in France a decade before. It was given extensive coverage on TV networks and magazines
Endermologie®
• It started life as a deep tissue massage for injured horses. It claimed to increase circulation by 200% and expel toxins and water build up as the
underlying connective fibres were stretched .
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• The Endermologie® procedure usually takes 10 to 20 treatments to get any results, and one or two maintenance treatments per month are required to maintain these effects. The patient then has to complete a maintenance programme or the benefits are lost .
• The typical cost to a patient is 50 Euro/ session and the patient usually pays in the region of 1,000 Euro for an effect to be seen. This effect must be continually maintained
Endermologie®
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•A 1998 study of 85 women between ages 21 to 61 found that 46 patients who completed seven sessions showed a mean index reduction in body circumference of 1.34 cm
•Another 39 patients who completed 14 sessions of treatments showed a mean index reduction in body circumference of 1.83 cm
.1Chang P and others. Non invasive mechanical body contouring (Endomologie) A one-year study and clinical outcome. Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery 22:145-153, 1998.
The clinical evidence for Endermologie®?
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•However in 1999 another controlled trial, involving 52 women, found no objective difference in thigh girth (at two points) or thigh fat depth
measured by ultrasound((
.1Collis N and others. Cellulite treatment: a myth or reality: a prospective randomised, controlled trial of two therapies. Endomologie and aminophylline cream. Plastic and
Reconstructive Surgery 104:1110-1114, 1999.
Medical evidence for Endermologie®
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• VelaSmooth™ is a medical device for the treatment of cellulite. Using the combined energy technology — Bi-Polar Radio Frequency and Infrared Light — plus tissue mobilization and suction to safely and effectively re-contour the skin surface, the Vela is a clinically proven, effective solution for cellulite
Shaper or Velasmooth®
• RF increases oxygen intracellular diffusion by heating adipose tissue to a depth up to 10 mm
• Infrared Light increases elasticity of skin and heats subcutaneous fat to a depth of up to 3 mm, while safeguarding the skin from damage
• Suction manipulates and smoothes out the skin
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•Recommendations
•Give 3 syringes or 15mls per side
•Expect a lot of bleeding •Procedure is somewhat painful
•Can be used in combination therapy
•Started with Shaper but recalled for EC
•Give earlier then monthly if required
Lipodissolve®
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• Low material costs
• Fast process 15-20mins
• Simple techniques
• No machine involved
• Good patient tolerance
• Minimal collateral risks
• Multiple mechanisms of action
• Long term therapeutic effect
• The typical cost to a patient is is Euro 300 per session and the patient may pay in the region of Euro 1.000
Advantages of Lipodissolve®
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• Safe option to liposuction
• Results seen in 3-10 sessions • Insignificant side effects • Smoothens 'orange peel '
• Reported well-being and vitality from treatment
• Reduces cholesterol levels
• Improves liver and cellular functions
Advantages of Lipodissolve®
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Lipodissolve® versus Liposuction
1 .More even pleasing contour is achieved 2 .Final adjustments can be made at the end
3 .No general anaesthetic required.4 .Minimal bleeding and bruising
5 .Effective control of pain during/after the procedure6 .Short recovery time following the procedure.
7 .Rapid return to work and normal activities.8 .Tiny puncture points. No stitches.
9 .No hospital stay required10 .Substantially lower cost
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• Recommendations
• Avoid NS Aspirin / NSAID for 2-3 days • Local Amethocaine (Anestop) Gel
• Postpone if inflammatory or infective lesions
• Drink fluid post procedure to combat swelling and odema as well as aid diuresis of PPC
Post Lipodissolve® Procedure
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The Bottom Line
The amount of fat in the body is determined by an individuals eating and exercise habits
The distribution of fat in the body is determinedby heredity
Endermology can temporarily help dimpling but it does not remove fat
Only Liposuction and PPC can permanently remove fat
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• During 1990’s treatments for cellulite remained largely unsuccessful because they targeted the skin appearance. It soon became apparent that dimpling on the surface of the skin would require a
deeply acting treatment such as...
The Treatment of Cellulite
LiposuctionEndomologie
Lymphatic DrainageUltrasound
Diet