Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Summer school in Dubna 5.7.-25.7.2010 Prepared by: B. Andel...
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Frank Laboratory of Neutron PhysicsSummer school in Dubna 5.7.-25.7.2010
Prepared by:
B. Andel (SVK), E. Govor (BLR), K. V. Mareš (CZE), M. Mazánová (SVK), A. Moravcsík (SVK), V. Voronova (BLR)
Supervisor : prof. M. V. Frontasyeva, FLNP
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The founders of FLNP
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IntroductionNeutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a sensitive
multi-element analytical technique used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of major, minor, trace and rare elements
NAA was discovered in 1936 by G. Hevesy (Hungary) and H. Levi (Denmark)
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Forms of NAADestructive ( radiochemical ) - the resulting radioactive
sample is chemically decomposed, and the elements are chemically separated
Nondestructive ( instrumental ) - the resulting radioactive sample is kept intact
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Principle
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DetectionIrradiated samples are analyzed by gamma-spectrometry
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Neutron sources Isotopic neutron sources (252Cf, 242Am)Neutron generatorsNuclear reactors
At FLNP the pulsed fast
reactor IBR-2 is used
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NeutronsThermal 0.025 eV-0.5 eVEpithermal 0.5 eV-100 keVFast 100 keV-25 MeV
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Characteristics of INAANon-destructive analysisThe chemical form and physical state of the elements do
not influence the activation and decay processMulti-element analytical techniqueC, H, N, O and Si do not activate wellSuitable even for determination of masses in the order of
10–6–10–9 g and less
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Applications of INAA at FLNP
Environmental studies (migration of pollutants in ecosystems, air pollution studies using moss-biomonitors)
Biotechnology for medicine (development of new pharmaceuticals and sorbents)
Material Science (high purity materials, nanoparticles and objects of national heritage)
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Dependence of counts on distance between detector and gamma-source
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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152Eu 121,8keV
cou
nts
in p
eak
(tim
e 7
min
)
distance (cm)4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
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152Eu 1408keV
coun
ts in
pea
k (t
ime
7 m
in)
distance (cm)
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ReferencesP. Bode: Instrumental and organizational aspects of a
neutron activation analysis laboratotyhttp://www.sciner.com/Neutron/naa.htmlhttp://reactor.engr.wisc.edu/naa/http://tin.er.usgs.gov/geochem/doc/inaa.htmhttp://reactor.engr.wisc.edu/naa/UWNRNAA.htmhttp://www.reak.bme.hu/Wigner_Course/
WignerManuals/Budapest/NEUTRON_ACTIVATION_ANALYSIS.htm
http://archaeometry.missouri.edu/naa_overview.html
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Fot
o by
Kam
il V
avrin
ec M
ares
Thank you for your attention