Frank Ellis B.Sc. ARSM Thursday 26 th March 2015 Warwick University PROGRAMMING.

Frank Ellis B.Sc. ARSM

Thursday 26th March 2015Warwick University

PROGRAMMING

CONTENTSCONTENTS

• Programme Types

• Programme Preparation

• Programme Presentation

• Programme Monitoring

• Programme Software

PROGRAMME TYPESPROGRAMME TYPES

• Client Programme

• Design Programme

• Main Contractor Programme

• Sub-contractors / Specialist Programme

• Manufacturer / Procurement Programme

PROGRAMME TYPESPROGRAMME TYPESClient Programme

High Level:

• Summary activities with Start – End dates

• Milestones for Key Dates

• Milestones for Constraints

Imposed - external / third party

Internal (e.g. equipment delivery)

• Milestones for Planning Permission / Public Enquiry

• Milestones for Financial Purposes


Design Programme

• Concept Design

• Outline Design

• Detailed Design including Temporary Work Design

• CAT 3 Check (if required)

• CDM Requirements

• Approval period

PROGRAMME TYPESPROGRAMME TYPESMain Contractor Programme

• Tender

• Detailed Contract Programme (Clause 12)

• NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC)

• Integrated Work Disciplines Enabling works

Civils

MEP

Architectural

PROGRAMME TYPESPROGRAMME TYPESMain Contractor Programme (Cont.)

• Integrated Sub-contractors / Suppliers sub-

programmes

• Interfaces – with third parties or other contracts

• Constraints Contractual (e.g. access, milestones or key dates – possible LDs)

Legal (e.g. working hours)

Physical (e.g. confined site, access, etc.)

Third party interfaces (e.g. handover of sections of work, proximity to

structures, settlement monitoring or mitigation)

PROGRAMME TYPESPROGRAMME TYPESSubcontractor Programme

• Programme prepared by or on behalf of the

Subcontractor for the Subcontract Works

In accordance with the Main Programme details

Compatible with and not conflict with the Main

Contractor's Programme

Fulfil all constraints (as main Contract Programme)

Include any procurement activities if applicable


Manufacturer or Procurement Programme

• Consents

• Approvals / QA

• Enquiries

• Manufacturing & Delivery periods

• Payment stages

PROGRAMME PREPARATIONPROGRAMME PREPARATIONBasic Steps:

• Gather information on Key dates / Constraints

• Understand construction methodology and sequences

• Define Structure (WBS)

• Define calendars - e.g. 5 day week, 24hr 7 days,

engineering hours, etc.

• List activities under each WBS

• Calculate Duration for each activity

• Assign Logic

PROGRAMME PREPARATIONPROGRAMME PREPARATIONAdditional Steps (depending on requirements):

• Generate Activity Codes – if helpful or required by Client

(e.g. Cost codes, Location codes)

• Programme Scheduling and analyse Critical Path

• Assign Activity Codes to activities

• Resource Loading and Levelling i.e re-programme

• Cost Loading

• Outputs (Gantt chart, Reports, Resource histogram, etc.)

PROGRAMME PREPARATIONPROGRAMME PREPARATION

Duration:

• Duration is the number of work periods required to

complete a task

• Usually days, but can be hours, weeks or months

PROGRAMME PREPARATIONPROGRAMME PREPARATIONDuration Calculation:

Duration = Quantity/Productivity

• Productivity depends on the resources available, time constraints and the efficiency with which they work

• Productivity may be determined from:Historical records or case historiesStandard estimating manualsExperienceCombination of the above


Work Breakdown Structure:

• A hierarchical structure of the works

• Typically

Stage

Phase

Task / Deliverable / Milestone.


Work Breakdown Structure:

• A way to organise and define the works into;

Tasks

Deliverables

• All these components can be scheduled, costed,

monitored and controlled

Develop the WBS:


Establish Logic (Dependencies):

• Logic types:

Mandatory (hard logic) - Inherent in the work

Discretionary (soft/preferred/preferential logic) -

Based on experience or preference

External - Needs or requirement of third party


Network Diagram

•Shows activity logic in a graphical form

•Drawn from left to right to reflect project chronology

•Represented by a combination of arrows and nodes;

Arrow Diagram

Node Diagram


Arrow Diagram

• Activities shown by Arrows

• Relationship between activities shown by nodes / events


Node Diagram

• Activities shown by Nodes

• Relationship between Activities shown by arrows


Resource Levelling:

• Try to use resources consistently throughout the

project or task discipline

• Ensure resources not over allocated

• Avoid delays caused by bad allocation of resources

• Software can help to identify and take advantage of

unused times by analysing task dependencies


Resource Levelling:

Over or under allocation of resources;

• Delay tasks

• Assign different resource

• Change logic

• Split tasks


Critical Path

• The Critical Path (or paths) is;

the longest path (or paths) from start to finish

through a network diagram

the sequence on which all the activities have zero

float

The minimum time to complete a project

• Usually identified in red on a programme.


Critical Path on a Network Diagram:


PROGRAMME PREPARATIONPROGRAMME PREPARATIONCritical Path on a Bar Chart:

Critical Path Analysis:

• The critical path will show if the project is going to

finish late

• Techniques to compress the schedule include:

Perform critical path tasks in parallel - May

increase risk and can result in rework

Assign additional resources to critical path tasks –

increased costs


Critical Path Analysis:

• Helps the project manager identify tasks that must be

carefully monitored

• As tasks are completed ahead or behind schedule the

critical path changes

• There can be more than one critical path in the project


Hierarchy of programmes:

• Level 1 – High Level/ Rolled up/ Summary Programme

• Level 2/3 – Detailed Contract Programme/ Detailed Integrated Programme

• Level 4 – 4 weekly Rolling Programme

• Supplementary programmes – e.g. possessions, test & commissioning


Bar Chart / Gantt Chart

• Pictorial Representation of Activities• Illustrates duration and relative timing of Activities• May include arrows to show dependencies

Finish to start Start to start Finish to Finish Start to finish

• Unable to show complete interdependency between Activities

PROGRAMME PRESENTATIONPROGRAMME PRESENTATION

Bar Chart / Gantt Chart


Critical Path Bar Chart


Time vs Distance Diagram (Time Chainage)

• Graphical presentation for linear projects such as pipelines, railways, tunnels, roads, etc.

• Time along one axis and distance along the other

• Activities displayed according to their linear position

• Shows not only the location of the activity but also the direction of progress and the progress rate

• Big advantage – shows all activities on a single drawing


• Keeping track of a project

A check of the performance against the predetermined plan

the progress against time, resources and performance

Identifying areas which need attention or action

• Collecting of information to see whether you are on target to reach your objectives

“There is no management without monitoring!”

PROGRAMME MONITORINGPROGRAMME MONITORING

The process of monitoring and evaluation helps answer the following questions:

•Inputs: Were programme inputs available, adequate, timely?

•Activities: Were activities performed on schedule?

•Outputs: The outputs or outcomes, were they of acceptable quality?

•Effects / Impacts: What was achieved?


Provide constructive suggestions:

•Reschedule – if the project is running behind

•Re budgeting – possibly redistributing funds from one area to another

•Re-assign resources or bring in additional to meet the time schedule


Monitoring Techniques:

•Baseline programme / regular progress updates (percentage completion) for each activity

•4-weekly rolling programme


Monitoring Techniques:

•Informal / Formal project meetings Collaborative Planning / Last Planner

•Project Status Reports – “Dashboards”

•EVA, trends, feedbacks, other forms of project controls


• Primavera (P6 / Contractor / Suretrak)

• Powerproject (ASTA)

• Microsoft Project

• CS Project

• TILOS (ASTA)

• Excel spreadsheet

PROGRAMME SOFTWAREPROGRAMME SOFTWARE

• The different types of programme

• Programme preparation

• Why we need to monitor the programme

• Presentation of the programme

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

Frank Ellis B.Sc. ARSM Thursday 26 th March 2015 Warwick University PROGRAMMING.

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