Frames, Framers & Framing erin obrien 2013 University of Massachusetts Boston Academic Support Programs See Syllabus Essay 2 RoundTable Presentation Gallery Stories: convey a cultures memories entertain teach inspire What else? They do not include every detail or possible detail of a real or imagined event (information) The have a particular point to make that is part of the criteria for what is included & excluded from a story They are constructed by and for peoplelike us! Tom Brady as successful athlete defeated athlete husband father What else? Select/choose from a larger source or pool of reality and representations about: what stays central focus periphery What goes Osmani Simanca Simanca is a Cuban- born cartoonist working in Brazil for A Tarde Newspaper. His cartoons are syndicated internationally by Cagle Cartoons. S. Hussein AS bin Laden What is the artist doing? What is the point the artist is making by constructing this particular frame? Whats the story? Does the cartoons publication date reveal or suggest anything important about public knowledge of I had a great day at work. Bumper stickers & T-shirt logos, slogans etc High school yearbook pictures Ads News reports Photos What else? I had a great day at work. What do I exclude? What do I include? What kind of info? Factual Interpretive? Compared to real life, we can easily see how this film is systematically framed to be a fast-moving fantasy- adventure: Whats framed in Whats framed out: sleeping, meals, personal hygiene Why these omissions Compressions: time, journeys Legitimate selections compressions To communicate & express: facts, feelings, ideas everything! To form judgments To organize & coordinate with others To accomplish tasks To interpret and re-interpret info To make decisions about our actions and utterances To justify our decisions and judgments They dont convey every possible fact or detail (framer probably doesnt know the entire reality) They choose what to include/exclude How to include/exclude More than one possible version of same event Different versions can all have some credibility/accuracy Often no single person or version can account for all that is true and real Sales pitch AS 9-11 AS Three of his claims were using as anchors: 1) all representations are selective.(26) 2)The very process of compression (26) necessitates distortions. 3) it would be humanly impossible to avoid framing.(29) Some claims are better than others Virtually no frame is perfect i.e., 100% complete All lies are frames Not all frames are lies Building on and juxtaposing frames is a valid way to deal with the inherent limitations Consequently frames are inherently problematic types of knowledge. As human persons, we need to critically analyze problematic knowledge and continually seek out new information/frames.(erin, 2012)