Fracture copy
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Musculoskeletal Injuries Presented By Sriloy Mohanty B.N.Y.S.
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Transcript of Fracture copy
Musculoskeletal Injuries
Presented By
Sriloy Mohanty
B.N.Y.S.
Definition
A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon in which the muscle fibers tear as a result
of overstretching
A sprain is an injury in a joint, caused by the ligament being stretched beyond its own
capacity
Signs and symptoms
strain• localized stiffness,
• discoloration
• bruisingaround the strained muscle
sprain• Pain
• Swelling
• Bruising
• Decreased ability to move the limb
• If the ligament is ruptured, one may hear a popping sound
• Difficulty using the affected extremity
Treatment
• Rest: The sprain should be rested
– No additional force should be applied on site of the sprain.
• Ice: Ice should be applied immediately to the sprain to reduce
swelling and pain
– It can be applied for 10–15 minutes at a time (longer application of ice
may cause damage instead of healing)
– 3-4 times a day.
– Ice can be combined with a wrapping to minimize swelling and
provide support.
Cont…
• Compression: Dressings, bandages, or ace-wraps should be
used to immobilize the sprain and provide support
– When wrapping the injury, more pressure should be applied at the far
end of the injury and decrease in the direction of the heart
– Compression should not cut off the circulation of the limb.[8]
• Elevation: Keeping the sprained joint elevated (in relation to
the rest of the body) will also help minimize swelling
FRACTURE
Fracture is a partial or complete breakage or crack in a bone.
Both direct & indirect force can cause fracture.
fracture can be with / without displacement of bone fragments.
Types:
Stable fracture- broken bone ends do not move, either because they are incompletely broken
or jammed together.
Unstable fracture- broken bone ends can easily move out of position that increases the risk of
damage to blood vessels, nerves & organs.
Greenstick fracture: is an incomplete break in a bone, tend to occur in children, whose bones are more
flexible
• A hairline fracture is the result of insufficient trauma (e.g. force or impact) to cause much movement between the fragments of bone.
Assessment:
• Quickly assess five P’s in musculoskeletal injuries :
Pain- location, severity & quality of pain.
Paresthesia- abnormal sensation or loss of sensation indicates neuromuscular involvement.
paralysis- nerve damage.
pallor – neurovascular compromise.
Pulse- decreased or absent pulse indicates reduced blood supply to the area.
Symptoms
• Severe pain
• Difficulty in movement
• Swelling/ bruising / bleeding
• Deformity / abnormal twist of limb
• Tenderness on applying pressure
• Crepitus me be heard
• Signs of shock
For open fractures:
• Control bleeding
• Dress the wound
• Immobilize.
For closed fractures:
• Calm the person
• Bandage the injured part to an unaffected part of the body
• Immobilize
• Shift to hospital
DO NOT
• Massage the affected area
• Straighten the broken bone
• Move without support to broken bone
• Move joints above / below the fracture
• Give oral liquids / food
Prevention
• Wear protective pads / helmets when driving
• Teach children / practice, safe habits
First aid Based on location of fracture:
Facial fracture:
• If unconscious but breathing normally, place the patient on their side in a supported position & Call for an ambulance.
• If conscious, allow the patient to rest in the position of greatest comfort, generally half-sitting or lying down with the head tilted to the injured side. Provide a clean pad or some tissues for the patient to mop up any blood, saliva or mucus.
• If the jaw appears broken or dislocated, allow the patient to support the injured part with soft pad.
• Gently apply a cold compress to reduce pain & swelling.
Note: ask the casualty to split out any blood, broken teeth or dentures from his mouth.
Fracture of the collarbone:
Carefully immobilize the arm with padding under the armpit and apply either an elevation sling or an arm sling depending on the patient’s preferred position of greatest comfort.
• Gently place soft padding between arm & body to make more comfortable.
• Send the casualty to hospital in sitting position.
Shoulder injury:
To treat shoulder injury follow RICE procedure:
Rest
ice pack
Compression
Elevation
Upper arm, elbow & lower arm injury:
position of greatest comfort- generally sitting in a chair or half sitting with support.
Allow the patient to support the arm on the injured side on a pillow or folded clothing.
Place a triangular bandage between the chest & the injured arm.
Spine fracture
• Severe pain in the back
• Loss of control over limbs
• Loss of sensation of the limb below the injury
Treatment
• Do not move
• Put a rolled cloth along the side of the trunk to support the person
• Wait for ambulance
• Place pads between leg and tie a bandage in 8 shape
• Always remember to take the patient in supine position
Neck fracture
• Use a cervical collar or make 1 with paper and triangular bandage
• Maintain airway
Facture of the lower limb
• Pain with movement
• Swelling
• Tenderness
• Not able to bend the leg
• Signs of shock
First aid
• Use pads, sticks, bandages to immobilize
• Elevate
• Restrict movement
• Supine position
Dislocation
• Dislocation occurs in a joint when it is pushed beyond its normal range of motion.
• A dislocation is where a bone has been displaced from its normal position at a joint.
Signs and symptoms
• Strong pain in the articulation at the time of the accident.
• A limb is deformed in case of sprains.
• Swelling which manifest itself quickly.
• Pain increase while moving the articulation
