Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero
description
Transcript of Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero
![Page 1: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fracking Overview
By Rocky Romero
![Page 2: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WHY IS FRACKING USED?
2
•Production rates are a function of reservoir pressure
•As production is removed from the reservoir, pressure decreases and therefore production decreases
•At some point, the economic limit is reached and decisions about enhanced recovery of the well must be made
EconomicUneconomic
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
![Page 3: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Two Types of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
• Inert Gas Injection Carbon dioxide Nitrogen LPG
• Waterflood
Secondary Recovery(re-pressurizing the reservoir)
Tertiary Recovery (altering physical character of
the oil and/or rock in-situ)
• Steamflood• Chemical flood
(surfactant/detergent)• In-situ Combustion• Hydraulic fracturing
Remember, only about 20-30% of the hydrocarbon in a reservoir is ever recovered…EOR will improve that ratio!
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
![Page 4: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
• The process of fracking (hydraulic fracturing) is to fracture reservoir rock (up to 500’ from perforations) with high pressure fluid (water) & place a permeable proppant material (sand) into the fracture channel
• Fracture remain open after pressure is reduced providing a high conductivity pathway for reservoir fluids to flow to the well
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
![Page 5: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
• In North America, 58 percent of new gas wells and 38 percent of new oil wells are hydraulically fractured.
• Hydraulic fracturing is also being used more often in high permeability formations
• This could be on new wells with very low permeability or old wells with production decline
58 % New Gas Wells
38 % New Oil Wells
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
![Page 6: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6A Frac Job takes considerable equipment
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
![Page 7: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
3 ½ minute video on how fracking is done
![Page 8: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
• Fracking is done on vertical wells and on deviated wells called horizontal wells (horizontal well shown on right)
• Fracking is done thru a high pressure pipe known as production casing that is contained within at least 2 larger diameter casing strings to prevent leakage to any aquifers the well might be drilled through
![Page 9: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Vertical well shown on right
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
![Page 10: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
![Page 11: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING WATER NEEDS
•One time water needs for each well
•This amount of water is the average golf course uses every 15 days in the south
![Page 12: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING WATER NEEDS
![Page 13: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
• Only 0.49% of the injection fluid is NOT water
• These are specialized chemicals used for various purposes that help keep the water clean and fracking done at the lowest possible pressure
• See chart to right for details on what these chemicals are
![Page 14: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Environmental Overview
Skip
![Page 15: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Cows killed• Drinking water burns• Skin rashes• Contaminated soils• Dust/Air pollution• Noise pollution
CLAIMS AGAINST FRACTURING
![Page 16: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Conversation with Dr. Ian DuncanAssociate Director, Texas Dept of Economic Geology
•Areas of Dimock, PA have historical records of NATURAL methane seepage into underground aquifers
•He notes that their local Ag Extension service used and still do provide a warning brochure, which he has a copy of, advising prospective new residents of the area of the dangers of methane in their drinking water as home have blown up in the past as a result
•Evidence shows that more often than not, it is the natural seepage of methane that is causing problems with their drinking water, not Fracking as reported by the News Media and YouTube
Overview of One Experts Opinion
![Page 17: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Conversation with Dr. Ian DuncanAssociate Director, Texas Dept of Economic Geology
• Over 1000 supposed claims of environmental disasters associated with Fracking
• Only 30-40 have been filed with the Environmental Defense League
• 6 identified as possible issues
• 3 found incorrectly attributed fracking with naturally occuring methane seepage into underground aquifers
• 3 found with bad cement jobs (Wyoming, Colorado, Ohio)
• 2 of these 3 had prior knowledge of the cement situation but Fracked anyway –
• Only 1 instance of fracking causing unintentional problems
Dr. Duncan will be published a paper this year with his results
Separating FACT from FICTIONSeparating FACT from FICTION
![Page 18: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
MASSACHUTTES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – July 2011 –
(http://web.mit.edu/mitei/research/studies/documents/natural-gas-2011/NaturalGas_Chapter%201_Context.pdf)
“There has been concern that these fractures can also penetrate shallow freshwater zones and contaminate them with fracturing fluid, but there is no evidence that this is occurring.
There is, however, evidence of natural gas migration into freshwater zones in some areas, most likely as a result of substandard well completion practices by a few operators.”
Separating FACT from FICTION
![Page 19: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS – AUSTIN (January 2012)(http://energy.utexas.edu/images/stories/chip_groat_shale_gas120126.pdf)
Separating FACT from FICTION
General ObservationsMany of the violations are procedural and:
o represent no environmental effects, or
o are minor with no environmental effects
o represent minor effects, such as small releases
Many of the effects noted occur in all types of oil and gas well development – not unique to shale gas
Fractured wells may experience more incidents because of additional equipment on the site
![Page 20: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Environmental Protection Agency
Study started in 2010
Results due in 2012
Separating FACT from FICTION
![Page 21: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
EPA Study in Progress
![Page 22: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
EPA RSTUDY TO BE COMPLETED BY 2012
EPA Study in Progress
![Page 23: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
VIDEOS EXPLAINING DRILLING IN THE MARCELLUS
25
Drilling Topic Video Link
Site Selection http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IAP1GCWkSE
Well Pad Preparation & Drilling the well http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PF3dzivVI-o
Completion of the well http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYKQDjciI3o
Production & Marketing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Gw_Bn-JqDg&feature=endscreen&NR=1
Frac water cleanup & reuse http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swNaEXozecw
Reclamation of the well site http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoFUOwZPkwg
This are some of the best videos I’ve seen on YouTube on the subject of drilling operations in general and the Marcellus Shale in particular
![Page 24: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
26
Drilling Topic Video LinkHorizontal Drilling http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR
=1&v=vvRCYLnVWG8&feature=endscreen Hydraulic Fracking http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjP-K1VaI1k
Noise Control http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6HY_HZNFmY&NR=1&feature=endscreen
This are some of the best videos I’ve seen on YouTube on the subject of drilling operations in general and the Marcellus Shale in particular
VIDEOS EXPLAINING DRILLING IN THE MARCELLUS
![Page 25: Fracking Overview By Rocky Romero](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022013004/56813d27550346895da6eb1c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
27
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9gGqNUxQ5Q http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Oil_platform_P-51_%28Brazil%29.jpg http://www.arrow-s.com/equipment/new-equipment.html http://www.chk.com/Media/Educational-Library/Fact-Sheets/Marcellus/Marcellus_Hydraulic_Fracturing_Fact_Sheet.pdf http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73mv-Wl5cgg&feature=relmfu http://www.flickr.com/photos/royaldutchshell/5352075212/in/photostream/ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303936704576398462932810874.html http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=4330http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/index.cfm?tg= Bakkenhttp://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=3750
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_platform http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumpjack http://www.usatanksales.com/fireprotectiontanks.html http://www.worleyparsons.com/CSG/HYDROCARBONS/ONSHOREOILGASPRODUCTIONFACILITIES/Pages/default.aspx http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYQcSz27Xp8&feature=player_embedded http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation_diagram http://stream.aljazeera.com/story/americas-fracking-problem-0022005 http://www.energyindepth.org/ http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/index.cfm?tg= shale http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=4030http://www.frackcheckwv.net/about/what-is-fracking/
OIL & GAS REFERENCES