fProperties of Petroleum Fluids
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Units and Conversions Variable SI Units Metric/Imperial Units Acceleration 1 m/s 2 3.28ft/s 2 Area 1 m 2 10.76ft 2 Destiny 1 kg/m 3 0.0624 lbm/m 3 Energy, heat, work, internal energy, enthalpy 1 kJ = 1 kPa m 3 = 1,000Nm 1 kJ/kg = 1,000 m 2 /s 2 1 kWh = 3,600 kJ 1 cal = 4.18J 0.948 Btu 1 Btu = 5.40psia ft 3 1 Btu/lbm = 25.04 ft 2 /s 2 1 kWh = 3412.14Btu Flow rate 1 m 3 /hr 6.29 bbls/hr 4.40 gallon/min (GPM) Force 1 N = 1 kg m/s 2 7.23 lbm ft/s 2 Heat transfer coefficient 1 W/m 2 K 0.176Btu/h ft 2 R Length 1 m 1 km = 1,000m 3.28ft 0.621 miles 1 in = 2.54cm Mass 1 kg = 1,000g 1 metric ton = 1,000 kg 2.20 lbm 1 short ton = 2,000 lbm Power, heat transfer rate 1 W = 1 J/s 1 kW = 1,000W = 1.34hp 1 kW = 3,412.14Btu/h 1 hp = 2,544.5 Btu/h Pressure 1 Pa = 1 N/m 2 1 kPa = 1,000 Pa 1 atm = 101.325 kPa = 1.01bars 1.45 x 10 -4 psia 1 psia = 6.895 kPa 1 atm = 14.70 psia Specific heat 1 kJ/kg o C 0.239 Btu/lbm o F 1 Btu/lb mol R = 4.19kJ/kmol K Specific volume 1 m 3 /kg 16.02 ft 3 /lbm Temperature T(K) = T( o C) + 273.15 T(R) = T( o F) + 459.67 = 1.8T(K) T( o F) = 1.8 T( o C) + 32 Thermal conductivity 1 W/m o C 0.578Btu/h ft o F Thermal resistance 1 o C/W = 1 K/W 0.528 o F/h Btu Velocity 1 m/s = 3.60 km/h 3.28 ft/s 1 mi/h = 1.609 km/h Viscosity, absolute 1 kg/m s = 1 Pa s = 10 poise 2,419.1 lbf/ft h Viscosity, kinematic 1 m 2 /s = 10,000 stoke 10.76 ft 2 /s Volume 1 m 3 = 1,000 L 35.32 ft 3 = 264.17 gal = 6.29 bbls Friction Loss Coefficient, K Valve Types Nominal Pipe Size (in) 1 2 4 6 8 to 10 12 to 16 18 to 24 Gate valve 0.18 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 Globe valve 7.8 6.5 5.8 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.1 Ball valve 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 Butterfly valve 0.86 0.77 0.68 0.63 0.35 0.30 Plug valve, straightway 0.41 0.34 0.31 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.22 Plug valve, three-way thru-flo 0.69 0.57 0.51 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36 Plug valve, branch-flo 2.07 1.71 1.53 1.35 1.26 1.17 1.08
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Transcript of fProperties of Petroleum Fluids
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Units and Conversions
Variable SI Units Metric/Imperial UnitsAcceleration 1 m/s2 3.28ft/s2Area 1 m2 10.76ft2Destiny 1 kg/m3 0.0624 lbm/m3Energy, heat, work, internal energy, enthalpy
1 kJ = 1 kPa m3 = 1,000Nm1 kJ/kg = 1,000 m2/s2 1 kWh = 3,600 kJ1 cal = 4.18J
0.948 Btu1 Btu = 5.40psia ft31 Btu/lbm = 25.04 ft2/s21 kWh = 3412.14Btu
Flow rate 1 m3/hr 6.29 bbls/hr4.40 gallon/min (GPM)
Force 1 N = 1 kg m/s2 7.23 lbm ft/s2 Heat transfer coefficient 1 W/m2 K 0.176Btu/h ft2 R Length 1 m
1 km = 1,000m3.28ft0.621 miles1 in = 2.54cm
Mass 1 kg = 1,000g1 metric ton = 1,000 kg
2.20 lbm1 short ton = 2,000 lbm
Power, heat transfer rate 1 W = 1 J/s1 kW = 1,000W = 1.34hp
1 kW = 3,412.14Btu/h1 hp = 2,544.5 Btu/h
Pressure 1 Pa = 1 N/m21 kPa = 1,000 Pa1 atm = 101.325 kPa = 1.01bars
1.45 x 10-4 psia1 psia = 6.895 kPa1 atm = 14.70 psia
Specific heat 1 kJ/kg oC 0.239 Btu/lbm oF1 Btu/lb mol R = 4.19kJ/kmol K
Specific volume 1 m3/kg 16.02 ft3/lbm Temperature T(K) = T(oC) + 273.15 T(R) = T(oF) + 459.67 = 1.8T(K)
T(oF) = 1.8 T(oC) + 32Thermal conductivity 1 W/m oC 0.578Btu/h ft oFThermal resistance 1 oC/W = 1 K/W 0.528 oF/h BtuVelocity 1 m/s = 3.60 km/h 3.28 ft/s
1 mi/h = 1.609 km/hViscosity, absolute 1 kg/m s = 1 Pa s = 10 poise 2,419.1 lbf/ft hViscosity, kinematic 1 m2/s = 10,000 stoke 10.76 ft2/sVolume 1 m3 = 1,000 L 35.32 ft3 = 264.17 gal = 6.29 bbls
Friction Loss Coefficient, K
Valve Types Nominal Pipe Size (in)1 2 4 6 8 to 10 12 to 16 18 to 24
Gate valve 0.18 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10Globe valve 7.8 6.5 5.8 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.1
Ball valve 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04Butterfly valve 0.86 0.77 0.68 0.63 0.35 0.30
Plug valve, straightway 0.41 0.34 0.31 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.22Plug valve, three-way thru-flo 0.69 0.57 0.51 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36
Plug valve, branch-flo 2.07 1.71 1.53 1.35 1.26 1.17 1.08
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SSU Viscosity Conversions
SSU cSt30 1.0040 4.3050 7.4060 10.3070 13.1080 15.7090 18.20
100 20.60200 43.20300 65.00400 87.60500 110.001000 220.00
Centistokes = centipoise/s.gCentistokes = 0.22*SSU 180/SSU
SSU = Centistokes * 4.635 (> 70 centistokes)
Properties of Petroleum Fluids
Product Specific Gravity (60 oF) API Gravity (60 oF) Viscosity (cSt at 60 oF)Regular gasoline 0.7275 63.0 0.7Premium gasoline 0.7165 58.0 0.7No. 1 fuel oil 0.8155 42.0 2.6No. 2 fuel oil 0.8392 37.0 3.9Kerosene 0.7796 50.0 2.2Jet fuel (JP-4) 0.7711 52.0 1.4Jet fuel (JP-5) 0.8040 44.5 2.2Diesel 0.8398 37.0 > 6.0 (+)Super light crude (*) 0.7883 48.0 > 2.0 (+)Light crude (*) 0.8348 38.0 > 5.0 (+)Heavy crude (*) 0.8927 27.0 > 20.0 (+)Super heavy crude (*) 0.9218 22.0 > 200 (+)Water 1.0000 10.0 1.0(*) This is a rough classification of various crude oils. For example, the API gravity of Arab super light crude ranges between 48 and 52.(+) The viscosity depends on the amount of impurities, particularly sulphur contents.
Thermal Conductivities
Material Conductivity (Btu/hr/ft/ oF)Concrete 0.47 to 0.81Fiber insulating board 0.028Sandy soil, dry 0.25 to 0.40
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Sandy soil, moist 0.50 to 0.60Sandy soil, soaked 1.10 to 1.30Clay soil, dry 0.20 t0 0.30Clay soil, moist 0.40 to 0.50Clay soil, moist to wet 0.60 to 0.90River water 2.00 to 2.50Air 2.00
