Four Separate Wars for Independence
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Transcript of Four Separate Wars for Independence
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Four Separate Wars for Independence
From Albion’s Seed by David Hackett Fischer.
1. Popular insurrection in New England (1775-1776)
2. Prolonged conflict in the Middle States and the South (1776-1781)
3. The war within the war in the backcountry (1779-1781)4. The non-violent diplomatic and economic
struggle (1781-1783)
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1. New England Uprising British Army vs.
Yankee Militia Sought to defend
their established ways
Paul Revere Lexington and
Concord Bunker Hill Fort Ticonderoga
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High Casualties demonstrate fierce fighting in New England
Lexington and Concord British lost 30% of the force of 700. Minutemen lost 93
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Bunker Hill1000 dead or wounded 47% of the British force”Don’t fire ‘til you see the whites of their
eyes!” --Israel Putnam or William Prescott
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Loyalists British officials,
Wealthy merchants and large landholders
Anglican ministers, blacks and Indians
Criticized British Actions--preferred peaceful protests
Feared violence would lead to mob rule
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Dutch, German and Quakers New York, New Jersey, Georgia Carolinas: Backwoods farmers were
loyalists, Coastal planters were patriot
20% of the population
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Patriots Merchants, lawyers, southern planters, middle-
class Most were highly educated and wealthy Supported by lower class Believed in self-rule and free trade
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Presbyterians, Congregationalists (Puritans)
Scots-Irish who opposed the Crown
New England and Virginia
40% of the population
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2. Conflict in the Middle States and Coastal South
Professional Army of Regulars and mercenaries commanded by British Gentry
vs.Professional
American Army led by a member of the Virginia Gentry
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400,000 served in Continental Army yet never more than 20,000 at one time
25,000 dead, 1% of the population, today that would be 3 million people
Sequence of the WarNew York 1776PA, NJ and New
York 1777-80South 1779-1781
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Key Battles and Events Trenton and
Princeton Valley Forge Saratoga French Alliance War in the South Yorktown
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3. War in the Backcountry Backcountry
Colonists against American loyalists and British regulars.
Savage struggle Family feuding and
atrocities on both sides
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“The American Revolution was, in fact, our nation’s First Civil War.”
What portions of the American Revolution supports the statement?
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Why?
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4. Diplomatic and Economic War
Non-violent economic and diplomatic struggle
Led by the elites of the Delaware ValleyB.F. and Robert
Morris In the early part of the
War emphasis was to garner support
Why would this have been a hard “sell?”
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Treaty Of Paris Spain, Fr, G.B. and the
US G.B. recognized 13
colonies as free, sovereign and independent states
US border extends to Mississippi River
All debts to be repaid Loyalists receive
restitution for land lost End persecution of
Loyalists
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How did the Colonists Win? What advantages did the British have
during the War? America won because of:
GeographyMoraleMilitary leadershipDiplomacy