FOUR PRINCIPLES FOUR PRINCIPLES OF THE OF THE

CONSTITUTION:CONSTITUTION:

1.1.Separation of Separation of PowersPowers

2.2.Checks and Checks and Balances Balances

3.3.Limited Limited GovernmentGovernment

4.4.FederalismFederalism

• A way of A way of dividing the power among dividing the power among the three branches of governmentthe three branches of government, , in which members of the House of in which members of the House of Representative, members of the Representative, members of the Senate, the President, and the Senate, the President, and the federal courts are selected by and federal courts are selected by and responsible to different responsible to different constituenciesconstituencies

1. Separation of Powers1. Separation of Powers

A government structure that A government structure that gives gives each of the three branches of each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight government some degree of oversight and controland control over the actions of others over the actions of others

3. Limited government3. Limited government

• A A type of government type of government in which the in which the functions and powers of authority functions and powers of authority are written, are written, limited, and restricted limited, and restricted by law to protect the citizensby law to protect the citizens

4. 4. FederalisFederalis

mmHow does this systemHow does this system divide divide

powers betweenpowers between a a centralcentral government government and state and state

governmentsgovernments??

What is What is Federalism?Federalism?•A system of government where A system of government where

powers are equally divided powers are equally divided between state and local between state and local governmentsgovernments

•Provides specific powers for the Provides specific powers for the national level and the state levelnational level and the state level

•No one levelNo one level, acting alone, , acting alone, can can change those powerschange those powers

1010thth Amendment Amendment““The powers not delegated The powers not delegated to the to the United States by the Constitution, nor United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the Statesprohibited by it to the States, are , are reserved to the States respectively, or reserved to the States respectively, or to the peopleto the people.” .”

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•What does this mean?What does this mean?•Why is the 10Why is the 10thth Amendment Amendment important to preserving important to preserving federalism?federalism?

Division of Division of PowersPowers• Expressed Powers Expressed Powers – – granted to the granted to the

United States government through United States government through the Constitutionthe Constitution– Implied PowersImplied Powers– Inherent PowersInherent Powers

• Reserved Powers Reserved Powers – – granted to the granted to the state governmentsstate governments

• Concurrent PowersConcurrent Powers-- powers granted powers granted to the United States government and to the United States government and state governmentsstate governments

Expressed PowersExpressed Powers•Powers Powers expressly expressly written in the written in the

ConstitutionConstitution– Collect taxesCollect taxes– Regulate foreign tradeRegulate foreign trade– Maintain an armed forces (military)Maintain an armed forces (military)– Declare warDeclare war– Coin moneyCoin money– Special powers to the presidentSpecial powers to the president

•Pardons, make treaties, command the Pardons, make treaties, command the armyarmy

Reserved PowersReserved Powers• States can create laws simply because States can create laws simply because

the Constitution doesn’t say they cannotthe Constitution doesn’t say they cannot..– Marriage lawsMarriage laws– Driving lawsDriving laws– Licensing (plumbers, hairdressers, lawyers)Licensing (plumbers, hairdressers, lawyers)– Creating public school systemsCreating public school systems– College and University systemsCollege and University systems– GamblingGambling

• Ehrlich and slot machinesEhrlich and slot machines

• The United States government can’t The United States government can’t create these laws because the create these laws because the Constitution doesn’t given them the Constitution doesn’t given them the power to.power to.

Concurrent Concurrent PowersPowers•Concurrent – Concurrent – powers shared by powers shared by

the national and state the national and state governmentsgovernments– Collect taxesCollect taxes– Create and enforce lawsCreate and enforce laws– Eminent domain Eminent domain