Foundations of American Government Unit Review. Types of Government What is authoritarian...
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Transcript of Foundations of American Government Unit Review. Types of Government What is authoritarian...
![Page 1: Foundations of American Government Unit Review. Types of Government What is authoritarian government? It is when government holds absolute, unchallenged.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b2aa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Foundations of American GovernmentUnit Review
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Types of Government
• What is authoritarian government?
• It is when government holds absolute, unchallenged authority over the people.
•
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What are the three types of authoritarian government?• Dictatorships: usually one individual rules
• Oligarchy: a small group of rulers
• Absolute Monarchy: A ruler who inherits power
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What is a democracy?
• Rule by the people
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What are the four types of democracy? • Direct Democracy: the people participate
directly in decision making• Representative Democracy: the people
elect representatives to make the decisions• Presidential Democracy: The executive and
legislative branches are separate• Parliamentary Democracy: The executive
and legislative branches are together
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Types of government by level.
• Federal: strong central government and weak state government.
• Confederate: strong state government and weak central government.
• Unitary: one level of government.
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What was the Declaration of Independence?• It was a list of grievances against England
• It outlined the main ideas (principles) that our country is based upon…
• It did not form a government
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Articles of Confederation
• Our first government • It was a confederacy• It had many weaknesses:
– It had no executive to enforce laws– It had no judiciary to try cases– Congress could not collect or levy taxes– Congress could not regulate commerce (trade)
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United States ConstitutionRatified 1788• Our Second and final government• Created a federal form of government• It has many advantages:
– The Central government is stronger– Congress can collect and levy taxes– It has an executive branch to enforce laws– It has a judicial branch to try cases– The central and state governments share power– The Constitution created can be expanded for new
situations by adding amendments
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There are three types of powers that state and central powers have
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Delegated Powers
• These are powers that only the central government has
• 1. the power to make treaties with other countries
• 2. the power to declare war and peace
• 3. the power to create a post office
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Reserved Powers
• These are powers that only state governments have
• 1. The power to make laws about local elections.
• 2. the power to make marriage laws
• 3. the power to make driving laws
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Concurrent Powers
• These are powers that are held by both the state and central governments together.
• 1. the power to make laws
• 2. the power to levy and collect taxes
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What are the purposes of government? • Establish Justice
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• Common Defense
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General Welfare
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Where can you find all of these purposes of government? • In the Preamble of the Constitution.
• What does “we the people” mean?
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Principles of Government
• What is Limited Government?
• Government is limited in what it can do, and each individual has rights that no government can take away
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Principles of Government
• What is popular sovereignty?
• It literally means “people rule”
• People are the source of the government’s power
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Principles of government
• What are checks and balances?
• A system of limited government where each branch has powers to check the others
• For example:
• The judicial branch checks the legislative and executive through judicial review
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Principles of Government
• What is separation of powers?
• Powers are divided between each of the three branches (legislative, executive, and judicial).
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Principles of Government
• What is judicial review?
• The judicial branch has the power to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches for constitutionality
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Principles of Government
• What is federalism?
• Central and state governments divide and share powers.
• The central government is more powerful than the state government.
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Where is the United States’ central government? • Washington D.C
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Principles of Government?
• What is due process?
• Government will not deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without using established rules.
• You can find this in the 5th Amendment.
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Rule of Law
• Everyone in the country is under the Constitution and must follow the law
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Majority rule/minority rights
• The majority opinion is what the country follows, but the minority opinion is respected and allowed.
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Who were the federalists?
• They wanted a strong central government.
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Who were the anti-federalists?
• They were afraid of a strong central government.
• They wanted something written and ratified to limit the powers of the central government.
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Bill of Rights
• The first ten Amendments of the Constitution
• Added to the Constitution in order to limit the powers of the central government.
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Powers of Congress
• 1. The power to tax
• 2. the power to borrow
• 3. The power to regulate commerce
• 4. The power to mint currency
• 5. The power to declare war
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Elastic Clause
• Gives congresses powers based upon expressed powers.
• Also called the “necessary and proper clause”.
• Examples: power to create an air force, power to regulate nuclear power
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Full faith and credit clause
• Means that what is O.K is one state is accepted in another state.
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Privileges and immunities
• Prevents discrimination of people when they are in another state.
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Senator terms
• 6 years
• Staggered
• No limit on terms
• Only 1/3 of the Senate is up for reelection at a time
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House of Representatives
• 2 years
• 100% of the House is up for election every two years
• No limit on terms
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The Senate and House of Representatives is bicameral• Bicameral means that there are two
houses.