Foundations for Domestic Developments
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Transcript of Foundations for Domestic Developments
![Page 1: Foundations for Domestic Developments](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56812b0f550346895d8f0335/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Foundations for Domestic Developments
![Page 2: Foundations for Domestic Developments](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56812b0f550346895d8f0335/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Different types of foundation
• Strip
• Pile
![Page 3: Foundations for Domestic Developments](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56812b0f550346895d8f0335/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Concrete Strip Foundationfor Cavity Wall
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Foundations
• Here we see the lines marked out on the ground.
• These are the guide lines used by the excavator operator to remove the foundation soil.
• Lines are put on from the crossheads.
![Page 5: Foundations for Domestic Developments](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56812b0f550346895d8f0335/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Marking out foundations
• Previous slide shows double lines to indicate width of foundation.
• An alternative is to use a single centre line.
• Dry lime or sawdust is used to mark out the foundations.
![Page 6: Foundations for Domestic Developments](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56812b0f550346895d8f0335/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Foundations
• All structures require a foundation.
• The foundation supports the building loads and distributes them to the surrounding subsoil's.
• Foundation type must suit building and site.
• Choice has to be made.
![Page 7: Foundations for Domestic Developments](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56812b0f550346895d8f0335/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Foundations crosshead
• A crosshead in position.• Used when setting out the
building.• Dimensions are marked out
on horizontal crosshead by the engineer.
• Dimensions for founds, walls and frameworks clearly marked.
![Page 8: Foundations for Domestic Developments](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56812b0f550346895d8f0335/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Foundations
• Trench is excavated for the strip foundation.
• Wooden peg are driven in at suitable intervals.
• These pegs are levelled to the depth of concrete.
• Concrete will be poured to the depth of the pegs.
• Concrete left to harden before building starts.
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Foundations
• Here we see some concrete poured into the foundation trench.
• Reinforcement is being placed to give added strength to the foundation.
• Concrete finally poured to top of pegs.
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Foundations
• Foundation concrete has being allowed to gain sufficient strength.
• Bricklayer will now commence building the footings to the building.
• Footings are built up to ground level.
![Page 11: Foundations for Domestic Developments](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56812b0f550346895d8f0335/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pile Foundations
• Pile foundations are used underling substrata is weak.
• The most cost affective solution is to use driven pre-cast concrete piles.
• These piles must be driven to suitable depth of bearing strata.
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Pile Foundations
• Piles are cut of at ground level to expose reinforcement.
• Permanent formwork is built to support concrete.
• Note wall are built from a concrete mud mat.
![Page 13: Foundations for Domestic Developments](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56812b0f550346895d8f0335/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Stepped Strip Foundations
• These are used on sloping sites to reduce the amount of excavation and materials needed to produce an adequate foundation.