Integrated System Health Management: Foundational Concepts ...
Foundational Concepts & Measures
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Transcript of Foundational Concepts & Measures
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Foundational Concepts & Measures
Monday, Sept 13
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The Balancing Equation of Population Change
EndingPopulation
MovesOut
MovesIn
StartingPopulation
Births Deaths
Natural Increase Net Migration
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Ratios
• A single number expressing the relative size of two other numbers
X/Y = ratio of X to Y– Examples
• Dependency ratio• Sex ratio• Population density• Child-woman ratio• Unemployment rate
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Proportions
• Special type of ratio where the denominator includes the numerator– Example: Proportion of deaths that occurred to
males
Dm
-------------------
Dm + Df
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Demographic Rates
Rate =
Number of Occurrences
-------------------------------
Person-Years of Exposure
to the Risk of Occurrence
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Person-Years
• Method of calculating exposure to risks
– How to obtain• Count them (life lines)
• Estimate by counting people alive at various points and weighting each count by the proportion of the year
• Use mid-year population
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Principle Period Rates
• Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
• Crude Death Rate (CDR)
• Crude Rate of In-migration (CRIM)
• Crude Rate of Out-migration (CROM)
• Crude Rate of Natural Increase (CRNI)
• Crude Rate of Net Migration (CRNM)
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Growth Rates
• Crude Growth Rate
• Linear Change
• Instantaneous Change– With a constant rate of change (r*)– Mean annualized growth rate (¯r)
• Doubling Time
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Cohort
• Aggregate of units that experience a particular event during a specific time interval
– Limitations of cohort studies• Losing track of individuals/loss to follow-up
• By the time all info is collected, it is ancient
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Probabilities
• The denominator is composed of all those persons in the given population at the beginning of the period of observation
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Age of a Population
• What has more influence on the age of a population? Births or deaths? Why?
• Why do falling death rates make a younger population?
• Population pyramids
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