Fossil free road transport? - IEA Bioenergy

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Fossil free road transport? Trends and ideas in Sweden JOINT WORKSHOP WITH IEA BIOENERGY Infrastructure Compatible Transport Fuels Olle Hådell

Transcript of Fossil free road transport? - IEA Bioenergy

Fossil free road transport? Trends and ideas in Sweden

JOINT WORKSHOP WITH IEA BIOENERGY

Infrastructure Compatible Transport Fuels

Olle Hådell

Sustainable supply of energy to transportation is a crucial issue.

•  Transportation is a cornerstone in a modern

society.

•  But climate change is a real threat/ Use of fossil

fuels has to be reduced to a fraction of the

volumes today •  How can a 2-degree target be combined with

mobility worldwide?

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Annual productionEUR=1800 GbEUR=2000 GbEUR=2200 GbEUR=2400 GbEUR=2600 Gb

Source: EIA, Energy Information AdministrationEUR: Estimated Ultimately Recoverable (global oil)

Gb = Gigabarrel

Means of promoting EEC´s in Sweden (environmentally enhanced cars)

Incentives addressing the cars favoured ´  Tax exemption for 5 years for EEV´s Biofuels, efficiency, ´  Procurement of vehicles purchased by govermental authorities Biofuels, ´  Exemption from congestion taxes in Stockholm Biofuels ´  Free parking in bigger cities Biofuels, efficiency ´  Reduced taxation of car benefit Biofuels, electricity ´  Vehicle taxation based on CO2 emissions Efficiency ´  Obligation for fuelling stations to provide biofuels E-85

´  Incentives addressing the fuels ´  Exemption of energy- and CO2-taxation for biofuels Biofuels ´  Support to pilot plants Lignocellulose, gasification

Fossile free road transportation - is that possible ?

´ Yes, if you can combine:

´  More efficient vehicles

´  Biofuels

´  Electrification

´  Change of transportation modes

´  Development of the society

Olle Hådell

To achieve this, there is a need for comprehensive strategies!

Energy efficiency

Renewable energy

Transport efficient society

Source: SOU 2013:84

More efficient cars

Driving forces:

´ EU directives:

130 g CO2/km 2012 -2015; 95 g CO2/km 2020

´ Offers common rules for all companies selling cars in Europe. Efficiency has become a highly prioritized issue.

´ Behaviour of Swedish buyers: ´ Sweden can´t affect the type of cars produced. But Swedish

incentives affect the selection of cars sold in Sweden.

Olle Hådell

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Tail pipe CO2 emissions (g/km)/ e.g. fuel consumption

Sweden 2007 Sweden 2010

A radical shift in Swedish car sales….

… caused by incentives, technical progress and image

EU trends

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Finland

Sverige

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Frankrike

Danmark

Olle Hådell

”Sweden was the bad guy”

Germany

Finland

Sweden

UK

EU-15

France

Dennmark

Source: SOU 2013:84

To get more efficient trucks is more complicated..

40 ton vehicle in real life)

Continously reduced fuel consumption

No development in fuel consumption

Heavy vehicles are a real challenge !

Biofuels

All links in the whole chain from well to wheel must be considered

´  Access to sustainable feedstock

´  Efficient and economical viable production

´  Appropriate number of retail stations

´  Access to engines designed for the fuel

´  Acceptance from the end user

Olle Hådell

Substitution of fossile diesel oil is crucial!

•  Already shortage of Diesel oil in Europe

•  Higher share of dieselcars due to regulations of fuel consumption.

•  Aviation fuels and diesel oil are competitors

•  Environmental marine regulations will raise demand for diesel oil?

´ Biofuels ought to be be used

in heavy vehicles

´  Biomethane

´  Synthetic diesel oil

´  Dimethyleter (DME)

´ Electrification of roads….

Threats Solutions

Swedens attempt to develope an E-85 market has failed

´  The incentives were to costly

´  Producing ethanol from woodchips was a bad idea

´  The Swedish market is to small to maintain an development for E-85 engines

Olle Hådell

Main pathways for biofuel development

Low blends in gasoline

Flex fuel cars

Cellulosic

Gasification of

Black liqour

Ethanol

Veg. oils/ Lignine

HVO/ syndiesel Biomethane

DME

Heavy vehicles

Diesel blending

Gasification of biomass

Methanol

Olle Hådell

Source: SOU 2013:84

•  Battery costs are still a bottleneck

•  City buses will be the first adaptors

•  Carpooling and other local fleets comes next

•  Access to charging points is cruicial •  Can continous or intermittent

charging be realised?

Electrification

Olle Hådell

Olle Hådell

Reducing use of fossile fuels in road transport in Sweden

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Electrifica3on  

Efficient  cars  

Development  of  society  

Source: SOU 2013:84

Conclusions ´  Shortage of diesel fuel is likely. Renewable dieselsubstitute is cruical

especially for heavy vehicles ´  Engine development is costly and need large harmonized markets

to be profitable. ´  The ability of the carfleets to absorbe dedicated fuels as ethanol,

methanol, DME etc. is limited. Drop in is a ”dream”. ´  Three types of biofuel production have to be developed:

´  Fuels from gasification ´ Drop in fuels from lignine

´ Ethanol from cellulose

´  A clear long term target is cruical. The development of biofuels have to be continous and comprehensive.

Olle Hådell

Thank you!

Olle Hådell

[email protected]

+46 70 563 71 92

Olle Hådell

Means of promoting EEC´s in Sweden (environmentally enhanced cars) Incentives addressing the cars ´  Incentives for EEC´s bought by private car buyers ´  Tax exemption for 5 years for EEV´s ´  Procurement of vehicles purchased by govermental authorities ´  Exemption from congestion taxes in Stockholm ´  Free parking in bigger cities ´  Reduced taxation of car benefit ´  Vehicle taxation based on CO2 emissions ´  Obligation for fuelling stations to provide biofuels

´  Incentives addressing the fuels ´  Exemption of energy- and CO2-taxation for biofuels ´  Support to pilot plants

Means of promoting EEC´s in Sweden (environmentally enhanced cars) Incentives addressing the cars ´  Incentives for EEC´s bought by private car buyers ´  Tax exemption for 5 years for EEV´s ´  Procurement of vehicles purchased by govermental authorities ´  Exemption from congestion taxes in Stockholm ´  Free parking in bigger cities ´  Reduced taxation of car benefit ´  Vehicle taxation based on CO2 emissions ´  Obligation for fuelling stations to provide biofuels

´  Incentives addressing the fuels ´  Exemption of energy- and CO2-taxation for biofuels ´  Support to pilot plants