Fossil and Fossilization
Transcript of Fossil and Fossilization
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
1/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
2/24
Historical GeologyHistorical Geology (G 102)(G 102)
Fossils and FossilizationFossils and FossilizationDr. Osama E.A.Dr. Osama E.A. AttiaAttia
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
3/24
(from Latin fossus, literally "having been dug up")
Remains or traces of any recognizableorganic structure, whether of plants oranimals, preserved in rocks to indicate
extinct life
What conditions promote fossilization?What conditions promote fossilization?1- Rapid Burial 2- Hard Skeleton
3- Suitable Environment 4- Lack of Oxygen
Fossilization: It covers the survival of the
organism's remains after death and its transition into afossil.
What is a Fossil?
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
4/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
Is It fossil or Not?
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
5/24
1. Actual Remains of the Organism:
a- Remains of the entireorganism: ex. Mammoth
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
6/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
1. Actual Remains of the Organism:
a- Remains of the entireorganism:ex. Insect in Amber
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
7/24
1. Actual Remains of the Organism:
b- Remains of the original hard parts
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
8/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
2. Altered Remains of the Organism:
a- Carbonization
b- Permineralization
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
9/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
2. Altered Remains of the Organism:
C- Replacement:ex. Petrified wood
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
10/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
2. Altered Remains of the Organism:C- Replacement:
ex. Pyritization
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
11/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
External Moldex. Pelecypod mold
Internal Mold(Steinkern)
ex. Pelecypod steinkerns
Molds Casts
ex. Pelecypod Cast
Imprints
ex. Leaf Imprints
Fish Imprints
Preservation of the Original Form
3. Preservation of the Original form:
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
12/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
Making Molds and Casts
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
13/24
a. Molds and Casts
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
14/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
3. Preservation of the Original form:
b- Imprints: ex. Leaf Imprintsex. Fish Imprint
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
15/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
4. Preservation of tracks of the organism:a- Foot Prints
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
16/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
b. Tracks: an impression made by a single foot.
c. Trackway: a number of tracks made during a single trip.
d. Trail: an impression made by an animal without leg.
e. Burrow: a hole or holes an animal dug into loose sediment (like mud).
f. Borings: a hole or holes an animal dug into a hard substrate (like wood
or rock).
4. Preservation of tracks of the organism:
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
17/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
5. Preservation of Coprolites:
CoprtolitesCoprtolites == korposkorpos meaningmeaningdungdungand ;and ; litholitho meaningmeaningstonestone
P ti lPreservational C diti i M i &Conditions in Marine &
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
18/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
PreservationalPreservational Conditions in Marine &Conditions in Marine &
TerresterialTerresterial EnvironmentsEnvironments
Marine EnvironmentMarine EnvironmentTerresterialTerresterial EnvironmentEnvironment
Conditions of fossilizationConditions of fossilization
much more favorable.much more favorable.
Deposition more commonDeposition more common
Conditions of fossilizationConditions of fossilization
less favorable.less favorable.
Deposition less commonDeposition less common
Organisms are buriedOrganisms are buriedimmediately after deathimmediately after death
Chances of preservationChances of preservation
very commonvery common
Organisms are not buriedOrganisms are not buriedimmediately after deathimmediately after death
Chances of preservationChances of preservation
poorpoorLarge number of organisms myLarge number of organisms my
covered & preserved in seacovered & preserved in sea
bottom and ocean floorbottom and ocean floor
Few number of organisms myFew number of organisms my
covered & preserved as in :covered & preserved as in :
volcanic ash, dust,volcanic ash, dust, vavesvaves, rivers,, rivers,lakes, etclakes, etc
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
19/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
Habitat Paleogeography
Evolution Chronology
Correlation Paleoecology
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
FOSSILS
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
20/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
Habitat Paleogeography
Evolution Chronology
Correlation Paleoecology
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
FOSSILS
SIGNIFICANCE
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
21/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
Habitat Paleogeography
Evolution Chronology
Correlation Paleoecology
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
FOSSILS
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
22/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
Habitat Paleogeography
Evolution Chronology
Correlation Paleoecology
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
FOSSILS
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
23/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
Habitat Paleogeography
Evolution Chronology
Correlation Paleoecology
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
FOSSILS
-
8/13/2019 Fossil and Fossilization
24/24
Mohamed Fouad ALYMohamed Fouad ALY
Habitat Paleogeography
Evolution Chronology
Correlation Paleoecology
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
FOSSILS