FORUM SubmarineTelecoms 15.pdfFLAG, VSNL Reach Agreement on Capacity to India FLAG Telecom and VSNL...

FORUMSubmarineTelecoms

An international forum for the expression of ideas and opinions

pertaining to the submarine telecoms industryIssue 15

July 2004

2

Contents AdvertisersEditors Exordium 3

NewsNow 4

International Submarine Cable Systems Map 7

Submarine Telecoms Industry Survey 9

Emails to the Editor 8

GIS - The Power of Spatial Data Management Paul Grant 12

Partnering for Success John Pockett 16

The 2005 Year 19

From Elektron to ‘E’ Commerce Stewart Ash 20

The Cableships 29

Letter to a Friend Jean Devos 32

Looking Back to Previous Articles 34

Diary 40

CTC 15

Fugro 18

Global Marine 4,5,6

Great Eastern Group 8

Lloyd’s Register 27

Nexans 11

Offshore Communications 2004 39

STF Calendar 19

STF Global Map 8

STF Marketplace 33

STF Reprints 38

Submarine Networks World 33

WFN Strategies 10

Xtera 28

Issue No 15

July 2004

3

Submarine Telecoms Forum is published quarterly by

WFN Strategies, L.L.C. The publication may not be

reproduced or transmitted in any form, in whole or in part,

without the permission of the publishers.

Submarine Telecoms Forum is an independent com-

mercial publication, serving as a freely accessible forum

for professionals in industries connected with submarine

optical fibre technologies and techniques.

Liability: while every care is taken in preparation of

this publication, the publishers cannot be held responsible

for the accuracy of the information herein, or any errors

which may occur in advertising or editorial content, or

any consequence arising from any errors or omissions.

The publisher cannot be held responsible for any views

expressed by contributors, and the editor reserves the

right to edit any advertising or editorial material submitted

for publication.

© WFN Strategies L.L.C., 2004

Contributions are welcomed. Please forward to the

Managing Editor: Wayne F. Nielsen, WFN Strategies,

19471 Youngs Cliff Road, Suite 100, Potomac Falls,

Virginia 20165, USA.

Tel: +[1] 703 444-2527, Fax:+[1] 703 444-3047.

Email: [email protected]

General Advertising

Tel: +[1] 703 444 2527


Designed and produced by Ted Breeze

ExordiumWelcome to the 15th edition of SubTel Forum, hitting smack-dab in themiddle of one of the most exciting seasons of the Tour de France in manyyears.

I must admit that my interest in the “Tour” has been piqued by this year’spotential record setting endeavors of one particular Texan, who byincredible staying power, resolute focus, and sheer will in overcoming somany would-be terminal obstacles, may very well set a new and seeminglyunbreakable consecutive win record.

I mention this incredible competitor for one simple reason: I think wecould all learn something about tenacity from Lance Armstrong, and intoday’s roller-coaster market mood swings, maybe tenacity is what will seethe survivor through.

In this issue John Pockett discusses performance measurement, and PaulGrant reveals the power of spatial data management using GIS. We continuethe serialization of From Elektron to ‘E’ Commerce, a unique tome coveringthe industry’s first 150 years. And for the first time, we have included anAuthor’s Index, dating back some 31 months, or the last 14 issues.

STF and SubOptic are conducting our 2nd annual pulse taking, asking you theindustry to spend a few moments to describe your thoughts, concerns and

hopes for our market, and as before, we will publish theseresults in the Autumn. Thanks to those who have alreadyresponded.

Happy riding and see you in the peloton,

Wayne Nielsen

mailto:[email protected]


4

A synopsis of current news items

from NewsNow, the weekly news feed

available on the Submarine Telecoms

Forum website.

BT Plans Investment in Americas Region

BT announced plans to continue investment in the

Americas and its growth strategy in the region.

www.subtelforum.com/NewsNow/6_june_2004.htm

C&W IDC Wins IP-VPN Contract

Cable & Wireless IDC has supplied an international

IP-VPN QoS network to Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd., the

leading producer of mobile telephone capacitors.

www.subtelforum.com/NewsNow/6_june_2004.htm

Carriers Describe Malaysia-Indonesia Cable

Telekom Malaysia and PT Telekomunikasi Indone-

sia, Tbk. have signed the Construction and Mainte-

nance Agreement and Supply Contract of the new

Dumai - Melaka Cable System.

www.subtelforum.com/NewsNow/

6_june_2004.htm

East African Telecom Project to Invite Tenders

Five international companies will be invited to ten-

der for the project to develop a submarine cable on

the East African coastline, according to published

reports.


4_july_2004.htm

Esat BT Adds VoIP Services in Ireland

Esat BT is pioneering innovative converged solu-

tions with the introduction of the first hosted voice-

over-IP (VOIP) services in Ireland.


6_june_2004.htm

Etisalat Executive Expresses Confidence

In an address delivered to attendees of the Con-

nect Telecom Summit in Dubai, Khalid Al Kaf, reaf-

firmed Etisalat’s vision to set the industry standards

of technology and service, maintaining its leading

position as the region’s pioneer.


6_june_2004.htm

FLAG, VSNL Reach Agreement on Capacity to India

FLAG Telecom and VSNL have reached agreement

for the sale of capacity on the FLAG Europe Asia

(FEA) cable system into/from India.


11_july_2004.htm

Global Crossing Details Bridge Financing

Global Crossing has announced that it has received

the first $40 million installment under its bridge fi-

nancing agreement of $100 million from an affiliate

of Singapore Technologies Telemedia.


6_june_2004.htm

http://www.subtelforum.com/NewsNow/6_june_2004.htm






http://www.subtelforum.com/NewsNow/4_july_2004.htm


5

Global Crossing Reports Investigation Completed

Global Crossing announced that Deloitte & Touche

LLP has completed an independent investigation of

circumstances giving rise to the company’s under-

statement of cost of access liabilities and expenses.


28_june_2004.htm

Global and Phoenix Form Vantage Subsea, Inc.

Vantage Subsea Services is the joint venture formed

to offer offshore Oil & Gas customers in the Gulf of

Mexico high quality, cost effective services through

technically superior and unique equipment.


6_june_2004.htm

Golden Telecom Buys Carrier in Uzbekistan

Golden Telecom, Inc. has announced that it has

closed the acquisition of 54% of the shares of SP

Buzton, Uzbekistan’s leading alternative telecom

operator.


6_june_2004.htm

Installation Begins on Tata Indicom Cable

Tata Indicom India-Singapore Cable System

achieved another milestone as the CS Tyco Dura-

ble departed to commence laying the 3,175 km ca-

ble on May 15.


6_june_2004.htm

International Telecom Announces Multi-CableProject Deal

International Telecom has been selected to install

six marine cables connecting the mainland to sev-

eral islands in British Columbia.


6_june_2004.htm

IT Announces Cable Maintenance Program

International Telecom Inc. has announced the new

SENTINEL Cable Maintenance Program.


28_june_2004.htm

KT Submarine Launches Cable Ship

KT Submarine, a subsidiary of KT, announced that

they launched Badaro, which the company says is

the world’s largest cable operation ship (12,500

tons), on May 18 at the Seohang Pier in Woryeong-

dong, Masan, to start business in the submarine

cable construction market in earnest.


13_june_2004.htm

New Venture to Serve International Carriers

Responding to an urgent need in the international

telecom arena, a group of senior telecom execu-

tives and advisors recently announced the forma-

tion of a unique business service company called

NavaTel LLC based in White Plains, New York.


11_july_2004.htm









6

New World Network Announces Changes

New World Network, Ltd. completed its review of

company’s strategic corporate and marketing plans.


11_july_2004.htm

Nexans Picked to Supply Cables for COGIM

Nexans has been chosen by International Telecom

Inc. to supply the cables that will connect La

Gaspésie with les Îles-de-la Madeleine, in Canada.


13_june_2004.htm

Omantel Signs on with FALCON

Omantel, the national telecom operator in Oman,

has signed a dual landing station agreement for the

FALCON cable system.


6_june_2004.htm

Omantel, Etisalat Talk

A session of official talks was held on Omantel

premises recently between Omantel and the UAE’s

Etisalat dealing with telecom and horizons for fu-

ture cooperation between the two companies.


4_july_2004.htm

Phoenix International Expands Services

Phoenix International, Inc., announced that it has

augmented its inventory of One-Atmosphere Div-

ing Systems (ADS) by taking delivery of two more

1,200 fsw depth rated HardsuitTM 1200 diving suits.


28_june_2004.htm

Song, TransTeleCom Launch London-ChinaTerrestrial Link

Song Networks Holding AB has announced that its

Finnish subsidiary, Song Networks Oy, and CJS

TransTeleCom have signed an agreement for inter-

connection of networks.


28_june_2004.htm

Telstra and PCCW Resolve REACH DebtTelstra Corporation Limited and PCCW Limited

have agreed with REACH’s banking syndicate to buy

REACH’s US$1.2 billion term loan facility for

US$311 million.


28_june_2004.htm

Tiscali Picks Level 3Level 3 Communications, Inc. has announced that

it has signed agreements to supply optical wave-

length services to Tiscali International Network BV.


4_july_2004.htm

VSNL Launches Services Using SEA-ME-WE-3VSNL Lanka Limited (VLL) has announced the for-

mal launch of its telecom voice and data services

in Sri Lanka.


13_june_2004.htm










7

SubTel Forum and T Soja andAssociates are making available theindustry’s first comprehensiveworldwide submarine cables map inover three tumultuous years.

• Accurate and detailed picture of theworld’s major existing and plannedsubmarine cables

• Landing point references on theCaribbean, Atlantic, Pacific,Mediterranean, Asian and Sub-Asian coasts

• Color distinguished cable routing ofall major operational or underconstruction systems

Available laminated for wall mounting andmark-ups, or in electronic form, theSubmarine Telecoms Forum InternationalSubmarine Cable Systems Map is today’s“must-have” system planning resource.

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Price Printed Version (972 x 714mm) $190 inc shippingElectronic pdf Version $350 inc shippingBoth Printed and Electronic Versions $465 inc shipping

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8

Emails tothe Editor

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

An excellent issue - asalways, and StewartAsh’s article reminded meof my grandfather’s timeas regional manager in anumber of overseasposts with the EasternTelegraph Company (aforerunner of Cable &Wireless).

The Forum has just got tobe the best-informedtelecoms industrynewsletter available. Alastair MacDonaldTMS International Ltd

Let me pass on mycompliments on the map ...I’m going to get it framedfor our conference room inshort order.

Elaine Stafford

http://www.greateasterngroup.com

9

1. Which best describes you?

Academic Management

Marketing Other

Engineer/Project Manager

2. What best describes your business?

Cable owner System Integrator

Marine Surveyor Other

Cable Installer/Maintainer

3. How would you rate the content ofSubmarine Telecoms Forum magazine?

Excellent Unsatisfactory

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Satisfactory

COMMENTS_____________________________

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4. How would you rate the content of News-

Now and the STF website?

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5. Would you like to see any particularchanges in Submarine Telecoms Forum or

News-Now, or other information services?

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6. Did you attend SubOptic 2004?

Yes No

COMMENTS_____________________________

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7. What did you find the most stimulating and

relevant topic to be discussed at SubOptic?

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8. If you did not attend, why, and do you haveany immediate thoughts on what would

change your mind for SubOptic 2007?

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SubOptic and Submarine Telecoms Forummagazine are co-sponsoring the secondannual Submarine Telecoms Industry Survey,the results of which will be shared online andpublished in an upcoming issue.One lucky responder will receive a freelaminated copy of the 2004 edition of the

Submarine Telecoms Industry SurveySubmarine Telecoms Forum InternationalSubmarine Cable Systems Map, which wasdeveloped by Submarine Telecoms ForumMagazine in conjunction with T Soja andAssociates, presenting the industry’s firstcomprehensive worldwide submarine cablemap in over three tumultuous years.

Please take a moment to respond by printingthese pages and sending by mail or fax to:

WFN Strategies19471 Youngs Cliff RoadSuite 100, Potomac FallsVirginia 20165 USAFax [1] 704 444 3047

Continued on next page

10

9. Are business conditions improving or

getting worse?

Improving Worse

COMMENTS

______________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

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10. Are you optimistic or pessimistic about the

future?

Optimistic Other

Pessimistic

11. Does your current business performanceindicate that we are still in an industry

recession?

______________________________________________

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12. How have client requirements changed

over the last three years?

______________________________________________

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13. How has the type of project you handle

changed over the last three years?

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14. In your opinion, what does the industry

most need?

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wfnstrategies19471 Youngs Cliff Road. Suite 100,Potomac Falls, Virginia 20165, USA

Tel: +1 (703) 444-2527Fax: +1 (703) 444-3047

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www.wfnstrategies.com

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11

At submarine depths, goes deeper

500 m

Nexans was the firstto manufacture andinstall 384 fibersubmarine cable.Nexanshas qualified andinstalled their URC-1cable family for fibercounts up to 384 fibers.

For furter information, contact:Telecom: Vegard LarsenTel: + 47 22 63 76 47 E-mail: [email protected] & Gas: Jon SeipTel: +47 22 63 88 25E-mail: [email protected]

Nexans Norway AS P.O Box 130 Økern, N-0509, Oslo Norway Tel: + 47 22 63 88 20 Fax: + 47 22 63 74 55US Contact:Les ValentineTel. +1 281 578 6900 Fax: +1 281 578 6991 E-mail: [email protected]

Global expert in cab

exan1500 m




12

Historically, the telecommunications indus-try has relied on maps for its data needs. Mapsare simple, easily viewed and portable. How-ever, maps and related documents standingalone are limited in their usefulness as theyare simply static snapshots that capture a setof information at a single moment in time,and are in essence a form of data output. Asan Undersea Cable Network Owner, SystemSupplier, or Cable Maintenance Authority,how do you manage your cable records? As-suming your records are correct at the system’sReady For Service (RFS) date, can you guar-antee that your data is correct on day 2 andon day 200 of operations?

Undersea network owners and operatorsgenerally use the same type of data on a dailybasis. Route position lists, straight line dia-grams, bathymetry, and geology data are allcomponents of a comprehensive informationset that describes the parameters of a specificcable network. However, what is not common

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

R. Paul Grant, PE, Senior Manager of Engineering Services, GIS and Mapping, Tyco Telecommunications

The Power of SpThe Power of SpThe Power of SpThe Power of SpThe Power of SpaaaaatialtialtialtialtialDaDaDaDaDattttta Managementa Managementa Managementa Managementa Management

The Power of Effectively ManagingSpatial Data

Take the convenience of a traditional, underseafiber optic cable map. Combine it with a cen-trally located, spatial database. Then add a PCenabled Graphical User Interface (GUI) and allthe elements are in place for a powerful datamanagement tool that can provide an array ofbenefits to numerous members of the cable sys-tem “owner, operator, supplier spectrum”. Sys-tem planners, designers, installers, manufactur-ers, operators and maintenance providers allserve to benefit from efficient use of a spatialdata management application.

Consider a typical “as-laid” undersea cablesystem depicted on an undersea map showingbathymetry and geomorphology. With a staticmap, there is no way of verifying whether theinformation is current and accurate unless amap was recently created with the latest dataset.In most cases, it would require a concerted effortof numerous people across different functions

across the industry is the manner in which thisdata is managed and maintained.

If maps and cable records are to be con-sidered as output, what is the input? Wherecan it be found? How is it stored? How is thedata managed and maintained so as to be aneffective planning and maintenance tool? Theanswer to these questions can be found in thedefinition of a spatial database. In its simplestform, a spatial database is nothing more thana relational database with the capability tomanipulate and display geometry in a carto-graphic environment.

All of the data types above can be consid-ered spatial data. Everyone in the telecommu-nications industry relies on this data for sys-tem planning, engineering and maintenance.Spatial data is information that can be relatedto a geographic location or reference point.Virtually any piece of information can be spa-tially referenced or linked to a spatially refer-enced object.

13

to verify that the various data components arecurrent. This exemplifies why a map should beconsidered a static snapshot in time. Furthermore,unless explicitly stated on the map, there may bevery limited details about the source of informa-tion used to generate the map. The map may con-tain basic information about the survey or instal-

lation company and the equipment used, but willlikely not indicate that two surveys were subse-quently conducted in the same geographic area,that there was recently a cable fault on an adja-cent cable, or a surprisingly high number of re-ported fishing gear snags, which is where the ben-efits of a spatial database enters the picture.

If the source data used to create this staticmap were linked to a centrally located, spatialdatabase, it is relatively easy to verify accuracy ofthe data and if any related entries or activities ofinterest exist. Verifying the accuracy and timeli-ness of the data can be done through a simplequery to the spatial database. The terms “query”and “database” shouldn’t be terms that invokefear into the typical PC user.. anyone who has everfound driving directions on the internet or lookedup an employee’s telephone number over a cor-porate LAN is already an expert at performingdatabase queries. Modern software applicationsmake it easy and in many cases, transparent tothe end user to perform complex queries. Thissimple search method can easily be applied to spa-tial data and, coupled with a GUI software pack-age, the process can almost become enjoyable.

Very similar to looking up driving direc-tions, a mapping tool that utilizes a spatial data-base, search engine and a GUI, can efficientlysearch the available information and extract anyrelated information. Cable crossings as opposedto road intersections are accurately identified.Nearest fault location as opposed to nearest res-taurant is flagged as a point of interest. These areonly a couple of examples that illustrate the ease,power and benefits. By leveraging the same tech-nology that enables hundreds of millions of peo-ple around the world to surf the internet, a user-friendly spatial data management tool providesdistinct benefits to the undersea cable industry.

14

Data About DataThe additional map details that were discussedabove play a critical role in the power of spatialdata. This information, called metadata, isnothing more than “data about data”, and cancommonly be thought of as a way to cataloginformation in a manner that manages datacharacteristics such as content, origin, quality,and location.

In short, metadata is what gives spatialdata its analytic power.

Metadata enables software applications torender maps in a “show me all cable systems thatwere installed by” format. This allows differentusers to look at the same data in ways specificto their interest or business process. This wouldbe very difficult to do if map data was stored onpaper or in a static, electronic format.

Maintaining a cable system would be easyif change wasn’t a factor but, the fact of thematter is, that this isn’t the case in the realworld. A cable system is constantly interactingwith and being affected by its environment.

Whether it is new cable systems beinginstalled, local fishing activity, or earthquakes,there needs to be a mechanism in place thatenables a quick response to all factors thatinfluence and affect the ongoing operation ofthe network. Managing spatial data in adynamic environment is an effective way of notonly securing, but proactively protecting cableassets.

Geographic Information SystemsThe use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)goes hand in hand with the use and managementof spatial data. A GIS is a computer system orcollection of computers systems that can process,manipulate, archive, and retrieve spatially refer-enced information. GIS is no longer a stand aloneapplication best left in the hands of geographers,cartographers and data specialists. GIS is an ex-tension of everyday office productivity tools. Theuse of spatial or geographic data isn’t limited togenerating a map or limited to one particular soft-ware vendor. Different users with different appli-cations, all accessing a common data source, arethe norm for modern day information systems.

The importance of a spatial data model in aGIS environment is easily illustrated in follow-ing example. Maintaining a cable system is de-pendent on being able to respond to a situationquickly and with accurate information. The abil-ity to quickly gather information as part of a ca-ble repair operation is critical to the successfulmaintenance and operation of the network. Thegoal is to maximize efficiency and minimizedowntime.

In a “paper-based environment”, it couldtake several days, perhaps even weeks, to gatherthe necessary route positions lists, charts, fibermaps, straight line diagrams and similar docu-ments in attempt to isolate the cable search area.Regardless of how well your documents are man-aged, valuable time is undoubtedly lost.

Paul Grant is cur-

rently the Senior

Manager of Engi-

neering Services,

Geographic Informa-

tion Systems (GIS)

and Mapping at Tyco

Te lecommun i ca -

tions. During his em-

ployment at Tyco, Paul has managed the

design, development and operation of Tyco

Telecommunications’ proprietary in-house

GIS system, TYSIMS.

TYSIMS was designed to manage the

extensive amounts of internal cable and

maintenance data that Tyco maintains by vir-

tue of their leadership positions as both Un-

dersea System Supplier and Marine Serv-

ices provider.

Paul has a Bachelor’s Degree in Sur-

vey Engineering from the University of New

Brunswick, Canada and is a registered pro-

fessional engineer. Spatial information man-

agement has been at the center of his aca-

demic and professional achievements.

However, in a “GIS-based environment”, thedata collection process is conducted in real timewith a simple query. Using the metadata in yourspatial database, a report is generated detailingall of the documents that have been found based

15

on your search criteria. From here, these docu-ments can then be downloaded and packaged forthe repair operations. Efficiency is further in-creased by having a mirror image of your spatialdata and GIS running onboard the actual cablevessels themselves.

Once a repair is complete, results are veri-fied and uploaded into GIS. A final customer re-port is easily generated in a format that is tailoredto customer requirements, using a stored querythat is based on customer specifications. Thebeauty of the process is that the information comesfull circle. The GIS can be queried for a list of docu-ments that have been affected by repair opera-tions. Reports can then be generated as needed.

SummaryMore and more, the members of the telecommu-nications industry demand real-time access to anddistribution of reliable cable information. Theissue of whether to use a paper-based approach asopposed to a digital method isn’t necessarily thecrux of the matter, albeit an important one.

The critical issue question is how one canbe certain that the information available andused for decision making is the most current,accurate and comprehensive available. In anindustry that has gone from boom to bust tosurvival of the fittest, managing informationin an efficient real-time manner like that em-ployed by a GIS spatial data management toolwill play an important role in a new era ofsystem supply and maintenance.

http://www.ctcmarine.com

16

Beat a service provider with a big stick whenhe fails and he will do his best to avoid a beat-ing again. At first sight this seems to be a goodsolution from the customer’s perspective andit sometimes is. However, much will dependupon the reaction of individuals employedby the service provider and this can be un-predictable if anyone feels personally threat-ened. This is because, in an environmentwhere a big stick is routinely wielded, therewill be some individuals who will try to avoidthe next beating or minimize its impact byany means available.

The methods used can include hiding thefacts, changing the records or challenging thecontracted terms. Such activities make identi-fying and eliminating the root cause of the fail-ure much more difficult, leading to the possi-bility of repeated failures. So, nobody wins andresentment and mistrust abound.

There is another way, develop a true stra-tegic partnership between customer and sup-plier, which recognizes that the key activitiesundertaken depend on both organisations co-operating fully and being willing to innovateand learn from problems. This does not involveblindly trusting suppliers, but putting in placea commercial framework that benefits bothparties if effective changes and improvementsare made. The whole agreement aims to trans-late and deliver the customer’s strategy in themost effective way possible.

The advocates of “big stick” may suggestthat the strategic partnership approach wouldrequire the customer to trust the supplier toomuch and relinquish control. Not so, puttingin place a balanced scorecard performance man-agement system ensures that suppliers under-stand their responsibilities, how they will bemeasured and rewarded and their role in man-aging change, business activity improvementsand innovation.

It should be ideally suited to the subma-rine system business, where long term agree-ments are already the norm.

Let me provide an actual example fromvalue benchmarking exercises in another indus-try. Two large financial service companiesoutsourced their multi-million pound IT andtelecommunications activities to a major serv-ice provider. The first spent all their time beat-ing up the supplier about the cost of telephonesand other small service items.

The annual best value benchmarking ex-ercise was seen as a further opportunity to mini-mize costs rather than identifying value, tempt-ing the supplier to manipulate statistics andchange the evaluation goalposts to show theywere providing the best overall contract price.

The second financial organization encour-aged the supplier’s contract manager and tech-nical adviser to set up an office very close to theirDirector’s floor and called them in wheneverimportant business changes were being

PPPPPararararartneringtneringtneringtneringtneringffffforororororSuccessSuccessSuccessSuccessSuccessBy John Pockett

17

Strategy& goals

Financialmeasures

Innovation & learningmeasures

Processmeasures

Customer related

measures

considered. The supplier contributed consider-ably to major changes such as demutualisationof the business and new working practices. Thiscustomer recognized that communications andIT services were critical to remaining competi-tive in their crowded market.

Whilst the annual value review stillbenchmarked charges against competitors, itsmain purpose was to identify how the relation-

ship should develop to provide even better valuefor the coming year.

The relationship between submarine ca-ble operators and their construction and repairservice provider should be just as strategic as thelatter example. However in a recent article [Is-sue 12, January 2004 Page 18] about the per-formance management system adopted forACMA little mention is made of any frameworkfor improvement and innovation, but thereappears to be a reliance on a penal regime todrive improvements

Several of the parent companies of majorACMA cable owners have adopted balancedscorecards to performance manage and improveother areas of their telecommunications busi-ness, so it is difficult to imagine that all ACMAparties want to depend solely on the “big stick”penalty for failure approach.

The current difficult market conditionspresent an ideal opportunity, not just to cutcosts, but to reassess and make more effectiveall the key activities and interfaces that impacton submarine system business continuity andgrowth.

Imposing performance measures that aservice provider must accept if he is to win thecontract is not the answer. Service providersare employed for their distinct expertise, so whynot use that expertise to help form the rightcontract? In true partnership contracting ar-rangements, all parties are involved in recom-

mending and agreeing the measures that aretotally relevant and realistic. It is also recog-nized that further improvements and innova-tions will be made within the period of theagreement, which are driven by an agreed strat-egy for service improvement. Where known atcontract outset, these “driving” measures areput in place, but additionally there will be aframework to set up new performance measuresrelated to changes in strategy, new innovationsand organizational structure.

How a balanced scorecard can help:• converts strategy into action across or-

ganizations and at all levels• aligns culture and behaviour of all par-

ties to organizational goals• develops real measurable partnerships,

across company boundaries• uses integrated measures that identify

cause and effect• communicates requirements down and

feeds measurements and improvementopportunities up.

By using performance measures in fourareas:

John Pockett worked

in the submarine cable

industry from 1974-

1987, then moved into

other roles related to

the setting up and

trading of regional and

global telecommunications networks and

services.

Pockettbook Associates Ltd, of which he

is a director, has undertaken a number of

sales training, marketing and commercial due

diligence consulting projects within the sub-

marine system and wider telecommunica-

tions industry. The company has also worked

in the finance, nuclear energy, and govern-

ment sectors facilitating the setting up of com-

mercial agreements, performance manage-

ment systems and carrying out value

benchmarking and due diligence exercises.

18

In providing telecommunication servicesto governments and major business customers,many telecommunications operators will haveparticipated at some time in balanced scorecardperformance management arrangements todemonstrate that they are providing to be ofthe best value. There should thus be readysources of information and experience that canbe tapped within cable owners’ parentcompanies.

So what are some of the key steps tomoving to a strategy based managementsystem:

• communicate strategy across organiza-tions and at all levels

• define strategic themes and improve-ment areas, involving all parties thatwill be required to achieve them.

• set up a limited pilot project andidentify the strategic, operational andsupport organizations that are requiredto run it

• define the downward and upward in-formation flows and measures, againinvolving all parties.

• agree the performance evaluationsystem

• set up the information technologysupport system to present and use themanagement information that isproduced in a simple and clear way.

Is this strategy focused management ap-proach relevant to customer and service pro-vider relationships?

Yes, particularly where services have beenprovided largely internally in the past and haveonly recently been outsourced. The introduc-tion of new specialist service providers into thesubmarine system market makes it even moreimportant to ensure that they work and developclosely to the strategic requirements of the sub-marine cable owners.

If not, exploring the books and other pub-lications of originators and authors Kaplan andNorton will provide the principles of the bal-anced scorecard concept and how they havebeen applied successfully.

Making the change will not be easy, butwill certainly be worthwhile and will ensurethat better partnerships are in place to benefitfrom the next boom in submarine cablesystems.

http://www.fugro.com

19

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FromFromFromFromFromElektron toElektron toElektron toElektron toElektron to‘e’ commerce‘e’ commerce‘e’ commerce‘e’ commerce‘e’ commerce150 years of layingsubmarine cablesSerialised from the book by kind permission

of Global Marine Systems Ltd

Compiled and edited by Stewart Ash

Part 1Birth of the Industry1720-1856 continued

The Founding of an Industry

By the late 1840s, the basic technology existed,albeit in primitive form, to make submarinecables. It was not long before promoters cameforward with the first commercial submarinecable project - to connect England with France.They were two enthusiastic brothers Jacob andJohn Watkins Brett.

On 16th June 1845 Jacob Brett registeredthe General Oceanic Telegraphic Company butthe registration lapsed due to government

inertia. Later that year he patented a versionof a weight-driven printing electric telegraphinstrument invented by Professor Royal E Houseof America which he proposed to modify towork on submarine cables. Jacob was thenjoined by his brother John and in 1846 theyregistered the General Oceanic & SubterraneanElectric Printing Telegraph Company:

To establish a telegraphic commu-nication from the British Islands acrossthe Atlantic Ocean to Nova Scotia andCanada and establishing electric com-munication by land and sea with theColonies.

The landing of a submarine cable in Eng-land only required the formality of a licence,which did not exclude others from obtaininglicences of their own. In France, however, a con-cession, once obtained, granted exclusive rightsfor ten years. The Brett brothers obtained theirfirst French concession in 1847 after a lengthy

period of negotiation but let it lapse. They wereable to renew it again in August 1849 for afurther ten-year period with the proviso that ittoo would lapse if communication had not beenestablished by 1st September 1850.

So the brothers had a year to organisethemselves, get the cable manufactured and layit. They formed a third company, the EnglishChannel Submarine Telegraph Company inwhich four shareholders put up £500 each -John Watkins Brett, Charles Fox, FrancisEdwards and Charlton James Wollaston, thelatter acting as engineer.John Watkins Brett Jacob Brett

Jacob Brett’s Electric Telegraph

21

They placed an order with the GuttaPercha Company for 25 nautical miles of cop-per wire covered with Gutta Percha to make a“cable” with an overall diameter of half an inch.This, without any other protection, would belaid directly in the sea. Needless to say, theprimitive manufacturing processes and themany joints provided plenty of scope for faults,and it is remarkable that it did in fact work.

The plan for laying the cable was to use asmall paddle-driven steam tug, the Goliath,chartered for the purpose. The Goliath cameup the Thames and individual coils of cable werejointed and wound on to a huge horizontaldrum seven feet in diameter and 15 feet inlength mounted across the vessel just behindthe funnel. At Dover and at Calais, specialshore-end cables were installed before theGoliath’s arrival.

The weather on 28th August 1850 was fineas the Goliath steamed out of Dover harbourescorted by HM Surveying Paddleship Widgeon.Having picked up and jointed the main cableonto the shore end, the little flotilla steamedoff for France with the drum rotating steadilyand the fragile cable streaming out behind. Itwas known that a cable of this design would bealmost buoyant in water, so lead weights wereattached. Gradually the French coast drew near,and at 6.00 pm the same day, the Goliathdropped anchor near the buoy marking theshore-end at Cap Gris-Nez just outside Calais.

The modified House printing telegraphinstrument was hooked up to the cable end fortests back to England. The House machinewould normally print on to a paper tape atabout fifteen words per minute, but on this oc-casion little of what emerged was intelligiblealthough signals of a kind were present. Withdaylight disappearing the “final splice” wasmade and the cable consigned to the sea. It wasvery disappointing.

Once the cable party was ashore in France,the more sensitive Cooke and Wheatstoneneedle telegraph instrument was connected upand the first signals exchanged with England.Later that evening it appears the House machinewas persuaded to work, perhaps more slowly,and various messages were sent and received, oneof which was from John Brett to the soon-to-beEmperor, Napoleon III, who had been taking akeen interest in the project. That day, 28th

Goliath laying the first cross-Channel cable escorted by HM Surveying Paddleship Widgeon

22

August 1850, 150 years ago, marks the start ofthe submarine cable industry in Britain.

The next morning The Times reported:“The electric telegraph appears to us more likea miracle than any scientific discovery or me-chanical achievement of our time”, but unfor-tunately bythe following morning the cable wasfound not to be working. The return toBoulogne of a fisherman bearing a considerablelength of what he thought was a new variety ofseaweed with a gold centre, appeared to explainthe failure although, more prosaically, when thecable was raised for inspection a few days later,the lead tube that formed the protection for theshore end was found to have been badly dam-aged on rocks, about two hundred yards fromthe beach.

So, short-lived though it was, the Brettbrothers’ first cable had demonstrated conclu-sively that telegraphic communication could bemade to work under water over quite long dis-tances. But it was found that, because the cablewas acting as a store for electricity (like a “ca-pacitor”), the transmitted signals became de-layed and distorted, and this was probably thereason the House instrument had not workedwell initially. There was much still to learn.

John Brett managed to get the French gov-ernment to roll his concession forward for an-other ten-year period provided a cable connect-ing the two countries was working by 1st Octo-ber 1851. With so recent a failure, raising the

money proved difficult. Eventually, just sevenweeks before the French deadline, the famousrailway engineer Thomas Russell Crampton per-sonally put down half the £15,000 required andraised the balance between Lord de Mauley andSir James Carmichael, the three of them form-ing the board of a new company, the Subma-rine Telegraph Company.

Thus the manufacture of the cable couldnow proceed. Crampton made it his businessto see that the lessons of the Bretts’ first cablewere thoroughly learnt. Whilst a cable hardlymore substantial than domestic lighting cablemight function well electrically, it certainlyneeded protecting in the relatively shallow wa-ters between England and France. The new ca-ble would be constructed as a Gutta Percha“core” similar to the 1850 cable, but with a pro-tective sheath of iron wires.

The core of the new cable in fact containedfour copper wires, each individually coveredwith two layers of Gutta Percha applied withHancock’s new extrusion process (similar to thatof Siemens & Halske) and laid up together. Thiswas then taken to the nearby firm of Wilkinsand Weatherley in Wapping, who made wireropes for collieries. They began applying a heli-cal layer of ten galvanised iron wires to producea well-armoured cable with an overall diameterof about 1.3 inches.

Not long afterwards an injunction arrivedfrom another firm of wire-rope makers, Messrs

Cable making machine probably at Wilkins & Weatheley’s wire

rope factory, Wapping, 1851

23

Newall & Company of Gateshead claiming pat-ent infringement. Eventually it was agreed thatNewall’s staff would complete the contract atWapping. In due course the cable was manhan-dled out of the factory into a hulk called Blazerwhich was then towed to the lighthouse atSouth Foreland for cable-laying operations tobegin. It was 25th September 1851. This timethe weather was not good, the tugs drifted, ca-ble was wasted and the last mile had to be tem-porarily completed using four Gutta Perchacoated wires. Nevertheless, Crampton was ableto tell scientists present at the closing ceremonyof the Great Exhibition, in Hyde Park, that thecable had been successfully laid to France.

On 19th October 1851, the temporarywires were replaced with a further mile of ar-moured cable using a steam tug called Red Rover.Although technically the 1st October deadlinehad been exceeded, the French government ful-filled its side of the bargain and granted the ten-year concession.

The Crampton-Brett cable continued inservice for many years, eventually finding itsway, much repaired, into the Post Office in 1890when the assets of the Submarine TelegraphCompany were taken over as part of the nation-alisation of the UK’s telegraph system, begunin 1868. During its life the Submarine Tel-egraph Company laid a total of thirteen cables,mostly to continental Europe and in 1894 itscableship, the Lady Carmichael, became the first

in the Post Office’s line of cableships bearingthe name Alert.

The industry in the 1850s consisted of anumber of cable makers, to whom the GuttaPercha Company was the sole supplier of GuttaPercha insulated core. Some of the cable mak-ers were originally manufacturers of wire rope(mostly used in coal-mines) and others emergedfrom the rapidly developing telegraph industryitself.

The finished cable of the 1850s was still afar from perfect product. The basic copper wirewas described as “hard, brittle, soft and rotten”and the Gutta Percha covering had bumps andseams in it. The wire-rope companies sufferedfrom the breakage of armour wires which also fre-quently damaged the core itself from lumps ofgalvanising as well as from knots and hard bits inits own yarn covering. The factories themselveswere dirty, noisy and badly laid out, and possessedonly the crudest arrangements for handling andstoring delicate core and finished cable.

Gradually the industry went through aprocess of rationalisation, although it was notuntil the disaster of the first transatlantic cablein 1857 and 1858 that the paramount impor-tance of quality was fully appreciated. The qual-ity problem was finally solved in 1864 in prepa-ration for a second transatlantic cable when theGutta Percha Company and Glass, Elliot &Company were brought together under the re-sponsibility of a single management as the

Telegraph Construction & Maintenance Com-pany, sometimes known as “TC&M” or“Telcon”.

Towards an Atlantic Cable

Although many failures lay in store for hopefulcable “projectors”, the highly successfulCrampton-Brett cable of 1851 acted as an on-going inspiration to all of them. But over howgreat a distance could electrical communicationbe persuaded to work? Many, including theBrett brothers, had the Atlantic in mind.

Charles Tilston Bright

24

In 1847 a young man, Charles TilstonBright, took a job with the Electric (WilliamFothergill Cooke’s Electric Telegraph Company)when he was still only 15. His brother Edward,who also joined the company shortly after-wards, was 16. Charles’ first job was as a tel-egraph operator working in a signal box at Har-row station on the London and North-West-ern Railway which had engaged the Electric tosupply telegraphic services under contract.Within a year, he and Edward had become in-ventors and applied for a patent, which was fi-nally granted on 21st October 1852.

The patent contained 24 individual inven-tions, the most significant of which was a sys-tem for testing telegraph lines to localise faultsfrom a distance. Without the ability to makesuch “localisation tests”, investors would nothave had the confidence to advance the enor-mous sums of money that “wiring the world”with submarine telegraph cables would require.

The other significant event of 1852 forCharles was the invitation to become ChiefEngineer of the English and Irish Magnetic Tel-egraph Company (later known as the “Mag-netic”) - an extraordinary appointment for a20 year old. His brother Edward was alreadythe company’s manager. The Magnetic wasstrongly supported by northern capital, one ofits investors being a wealthy Scottish cottonmerchant who had moved to Manchester calledJohn (later Sir John) Pender. By the time of his

death in 1896, Pender’s companies controlledone third of the world’s submarine telegraphsystem and formed the nucleus of what waslater to become Cable & Wireless.

Pitted against the Electric with its headstart of six years, the Magnetic had to promoteitself energetically and a bit differently. Its headoffice was in Liverpool, not London, its electricsignals were generated by magneto-electric in-duction, and its main lines in England werelargely laid underground. Charles TilstonBright extended the Magnetic’s system on a vastscale throughout the UK and (awaiting a sub-marine connection) throughout Ireland.

Following their success with the 1851Channel cable, the submarine cable making sideof Newall’s business developed quickly. In 1853,it made a heavy cable to connect the Magnet-ic’s English and Irish telegraph systems acrossthe 23 miles of the Irish Channel betweenPortpatrick and Donaghadee. This was thefourth attempt at connecting England with Ire-land and only the third successful submarinecable to have been laid - an outcome justifiablyattributed in large measure to Charles TilstonBright’s direct supervision.

It will be recalled that when ProfessorRoyal E House’s modified printing telegraphinstrument was connected by the Brett broth-ers in 1850 to their first cable to France, littleof what had emerged from the machine wasintelligible. Yet there had been signals present

which could be read more slowly with a needleinstrument. This was the mystery to whichCharles and Edward Bright now turned theirattention.

Transmission speed was vital to a telegraphcompany. With Charles Tilston Bright’s cableto Ireland, the correct conditions became avail-able for the first time to make the necessary in-vestigations for the Atlantic cable, which thetwo brothers were planning. They discoveredthat a cable laid underground behaves, electri-cally speaking, very much like a cable laid inthe sea. With the English and Irish systemsconnected together, the Bright brothers pos-sessed in electrical terms the equivalent of thou-sands of miles of submarine cable.

From 1853 to 1855, while the Bright broth-ers were advancing the Magnetic’s telegraph sys-tem to the west of Ireland to be ready to intercon-nect with a transatlantic cable, they were alsoconducting transmission experiments. These ex-periments necessitated a re-arrangement in theway the underground cables were connected. Forexample, instead of 10 circuits from London toManchester of roughly 200 miles, they might re-connect the wires in series so as to provide onelong circuit of 2,000 miles. At other times longcircuits were arranged by looping back and forthin the various underground cables (and theirnew 1853 submarine cable) between Londonand Dublin. In this way a subterranean circuitof Atlantic proportions could be represented.

25

Since all this work had to be undertaken at nightor on Sundays to avoid interrupting normaltraffic on the network, the Bright brothers suf-fered many nights with little or no sleep.

Following Wheatstone’s work in the mid-1830s, everyone was just getting used to the ideathat electricity travelled along a wire (in air)inconceivably quickly - in fact at a speed com-parable with the velocity of light. But it cer-tainly didn’t seem to be going at anything likethat speed in a subterranean or a submarinecable, and it was years before telegraph engi-neers fully understood the problem. The firstpaper on this subject was presented by EdwardBright to a meeting in Liverpool of the BritishAssociation for the Advancement of Science in1854.

The following year Charles and EdwardBright took out a patent for the special meth-ods they had developed for signalling throughlong underground and undersea conductors -methods which were certainly going to beneeded for an Atlantic cable.

In 1855, Edward Bright accompanied bysome of the staff from the Magnetic, chartereda small fishing smack to survey the south-westcoast of Ireland for a suitable landing for anAtlantic cable and in due course reported to hisbrother that Valentia was the most suitablelanding point. In fact, it was almost exactlythe nearest point to the American continent inNewfoundland.

It was a similar story on the other side ofthe Atlantic. The first task was to provide a re-liable telegraph connection between New Yorkand St John’s, Newfoundland, the nearest pointwhere an Atlantic cable could land. This wasno easy project; Newfoundland had no roadsor railways and the country was mostly impen-etrable forest, remote and exceedingly uninvit-ing. In fact the difficulties had already over-come an English engineer and entrepreneur,Fredrick Gisborne, who had been attempting tobring St John’s onto the telegraph network. Hisplan was to exchange messages with passingships using water-tight barrels and save the ad-ditional two days’ passage to Halifax where theywould normally be dropped off or collected.

Gisborne had surveyed the land routeacross Newfoundland, obtained a concessionfrom the legislature and visited England to pur-chase a submarine cable to link Prince EdwardIsland to New Brunswick, which was laid in late1852. It was the first commercial submarinecable to be installed on the American continent.But the difficulties in constructing the land-linewere immense, and when his backers withdrewhe was forced into bankruptcy. Barely 40 milesout of 400 had been completed. Almost desti-tute, he went to New York, hoping that some-thing would turn up. It did. A chance meetingbrought him to the notice of a wealthy papermerchant called Cyrus W Field who, at the ageof thirty-five, was already retired. Field was ini-

tially a bit cool about Gisborne’s project but hisimagination was fired later that same evening,when he was casually scanning the globe in hispalatial library and realised the potentiallyenormous significance of linking the telegraphsystems of the two continents with a cableacross the Atlantic Ocean. This would be a greatdeal better than trying to catch message barrelsbobbing around in the open sea - but what avision!

Field realised that such a project, if possibleat all, would be an immense undertaking, but itwas just as well that he had no idea of the thir-teen years of unremitting toil, heartache andexpense that awaited him. For now, this was just

Cyrus W. Field

26

the kind of project a retired man of wealth waslooking for. He was hooked, but cautious. Thenext day he wrote to the foremost experts inAmerica - to Samuel F B Morse regarding the elec-trical feasibility of the idea, and to LieutenantMatthew F Maury regarding its marine aspects.He was soon in possession of two favourable re-plies. It turned out that Morse, architect of theAmerican telegraph system, having experimentedwith submarine cables had been predicting anAtlantic telegraph for over ten years. More sur-prisingly, it appeared that the National Observa-tory under Maury’s direction (and with immacu-late timing) had just completed a line of sound-ings and core samples from Newfoundland to thesouth-west coast of Ireland using US Navy ships.In fact, he had even named part of this route the“Telegraph Plateau”. It must have seemed to Fieldthat this was a project destined to happen.

So, armed with two undeniably respectableopinions, Field was able to gather the support ofa number of capitalist friends and form the “NewYork, Newfoundland and London Telegraph Com-pany”. What incredible significance was boundup in those two little words “and London”! Thecompany commenced by taking over Gisborne’sbankrupt operation and discharging his debts.

Field now came face to face with reality asworking in Newfoundland quickly turned into anightmare. As anticipated, the worst bit was the400 miles of road and telegraph line that had tobe constructed between St John’s and Cape Ray,

and, nearly as bad, a similar link 140 miles longon Cape Breton Island. Eventually after two yearsand a cost of over US$ 2m, they completedGisborne’s original project and telegrams couldbe sent the 2,000 miles between St John’s and NewYork. Part of the system was 60 miles of subma-rine cable connecting Cape Ray at the south-westextremity of Newfoundland with Cape Bretonisland across the Gulf of St Lawrence. It was theordering of this cable that, in 1854, brought CyrusField on the first of many visits to England. Heplaced the order with Glass, Elliot & Company ofGreenwich, a newly established firm specialisingin making submarine cables, formed out of thewire-rope business of Küper & Company.

While in England, Field made two keycontacts. First he met John Watkins Brett ofthe Submarine Telegraph Company and pioneerof the first and second England to France ca-bles. He was currently engaged on laying ca-bles in the Mediterranean and had also beenplanning to construct an Atlantic cable, insteadof which he invested £5,000 in Field’s company.

Field’s other meeting whilst on that firstvisit to England was with Charles Tilston Brightof the Magnetic. The Magnetic’s growth in justa few short years plus all its experimental workfor an Atlantic cable would have made a deepimpression on him. So Cyrus Field returned toNew York not only having ordered a cable, but

SS Persian loading John Brett’s Mediterranean cable at Morden Wharf, East Greenwich, June 1854

27

also bearing the news that Britain was well ad-vanced in developing the technology for an At-lantic cable and that capitalists and their tel-egraph companies were pressing forward rapidly.

The cable Field had ordered was deliveredthe following year. Unfortunately due to badweather and inexperience it was partially lost inthe attempt to lay it across the Gulf of St Law-rence, but in 1856 Glass, Elliot & Company madeand laid a replacement cable which lasted for overten years. By the time the Gulf of St Lawrencehad been bridged the land lines were also in placeand telegrams could be sent as far as St John’s.With the land lines also in place on the Irish side,the thoughts of the “projectors” on both sides ofthe Atlantic could now turn to the vast undertak-ing of bridging the ocean that separated them.

In July 1856, Cyrus Field was despatched forthe third time to England and once again metJohn Watkins Brett and Charles Tilston Brightwith whom he had been corresponding since hisprevious visit. They agreed that a British com-pany would be required in order to secure themaximum interest from British investors. So allthree put their names to an historic agreementdated 29th September 1856:

... to exert ourselves with the view, and forthe purpose of, forming a company for estab-lishing and working of electric telegraphiccommunication between Newfoundland andIreland, such Company to be called the “At-lantic Telegraph Company”...

On 3rd October, the Magnetic laid on yetanother nocturnal demonstration, this timefor Professor Samuel Morse who was electricianto the New York, Newfoundland and LondonTelegraph Company, and in the early hours ofthe following morning Morse wrote to Field:

The experiments have most satisfactorilyresolved all doubts of the practicability as wellas practicality of operating the telegraph fromNewfoundland to Ireland.

The Atlantic Telegraph Company was reg-istered on 20th October 1856. With a solidagreement in place and the serious technicalquestions at least partially answered, the greatenterprise could at last begin.

has entered into an arrangement with

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To be continued in our next issue

The signatures of Cyrus Field, John Watkins Brett and Charles

Tilston Bright agreeing to form the Atlantic Telegraph Company

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http://www.xtera.com

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THE CABLESHIPSTHE CABLESHIPSTHE CABLESHIPSTHE CABLESHIPSTHE CABLESHIPSA global guide to the latest known locations of the world’s cableships*, as at July 2004

*1,000 tons and over

VVVVVessel Nameessel Nameessel Nameessel Nameessel Name Ship StatusShip StatusShip StatusShip StatusShip Status G TG TG TG TG T SpeedSpeedSpeedSpeedSpeed Group OwnerGroup OwnerGroup OwnerGroup OwnerGroup Owner Ope ra to rOpe ra to rOpe ra to rOpe ra to rOpe ra to r Arr iva l DateArr iva l DateArr iva l DateArr iva l DateArr iva l Date Sailed DateSailed DateSailed DateSailed DateSailed Date PPPPPororororor ttttt Coun t r yCoun t r yCoun t r yCoun t r yCoun t r y

ALBERT J. MYER U.S. Naval Reserve 4012 12.5 Government of the USA Government of the USAARCOS In Service/Commission 3790 8 Bohlen & Doyen Verwaltungs GmbH Bohlen & Doyen Verwaltungs GmbH 06/26/2004 07/02/2004 Singapore Republic of SingaporeASEAN EXPLORER In Service/Commission 14988 14.5 Singapore Telecommunications Pte. Ltd. ASEAN Cableship Pte. Ltd.ASEAN RESTORER In Service/Commission 11156 16 Singapore Telecommunications Pte. Ltd. ASEAN Cableship Pte. Ltd. 06/21/2004 06/22/2004 Singapore Republic of SingaporeATLANTIC GUARDIAN In Service/Commission 7172 14.4 Global Marine Systems Ltd. Global Marine Systems Ltd. 06/21/2004 06/21/2004 Falmouth United KingdomBADARO In Service/Commission 12518 13.8 - 06/26/2004 07/01/2004 Singapore Republic of SingaporeBARON In Service/Commission 9000 0 DOCKWISE N.V. DOCKWISE N.V.BIRYUSA In Service/Commission 2645 11.8 Kamchatka Shipping Co. Ltd. Kamchatka Shipping Co. Ltd.BOLD ENDEAVOUR In Service/Commission 9388 12.6 Global Marine Systems Ltd. Global Marine Systems Ltd.BOLD ENDURANCE In Service/Commission 9418 14.3 Secunda Marine Services Ltd. Secunda Marine Services Ltd.BOURBON REEL In Service/Commission 3186 11 Bourbon Offshore Norway AS Bourbon Offshore Norway ASBOURBON SKAGERRAK In Service/Commission 7172 10 Havila Shipping AS Bourbon Offshore Norway AS 07/08/2004 07/10/2004 Jebel Ali United Arab EmiratesC. S. AGILE In Service/Commission 9402 13 Secunda Marine Services Ltd. Secunda Marine Services Ltd.C. S. SOVEREIGN In Service/Commission 11242 13.5 British Telecommunications plc British Telecommunications plc 06/21/2004 Bermuda BermudaC. S. WAVE MERCURY In Service/Commission 10105 16 Global Marine Systems Ltd. Global Marine Systems Ltd. 06/03/2004 06/12/2004 Nagasaki JapanCABLE INNOVATOR In Service/Commission 14277 11 Global Marine Systems Ltd. Global Marine Systems Ltd.CABLE PROTECTOR In Service/Commission 2935 0 Singapore Telecommunications Pte. Ltd. ASEAN Cableship Pte. Ltd. 06/14/2004 06/28/2004 Singapore Republic of SingaporeCABLE RETRIEVER In Service/Commission 11026 16 Singapore Telecommunications Pte. Ltd. ASEAN Cableship Pte. Ltd. 06/07/2004 06/07/2004 Batangas PhilippinesCERTAMEN In Service/Commission 4983 14 Italmare S.p.A. Italmare S.p.A. 06/29/2004 06/29/2004 Catania ItalyCHAMAREL In Service/Commission 8575 16.5 France Telecom France TelecomDISCOVERY In Service/Commission 8248 12 N.V. Friary Ocean Surveyor N.V. Friary Ocean Surveyor 07/13/2004 07/13/2004 Cape Finisterre SpainDOCK EXPRESS 20 Laid up 14793 15 DOCKWISE N.V. DOCKWISE N.V.ECLIPSE In Service/Commission 7114 13 Cal Dive International Inc. Cal Dive International Inc.ELEKTRON In Service/Commission 1628 0 Statnett Entrepenor AS Statnett Entrepenor AS 06/22/2004 06/25/2004 Rotterdam NetherlandsETISALAT In Service/Commission 2221 13 Emirates Telecommunications Corp Emirates Telecommunications CorpFU HAI In Service/Commission 6292 14 Government of the PRC Government of the PRC 06/23/2004 07/02/2004 Singapore Republic of Singapore

30

VVVVVessel Nameessel Nameessel Nameessel Nameessel Name Ship StatusShip StatusShip StatusShip StatusShip Status G TG TG TG TG T SpeedSpeedSpeedSpeedSpeed Group OwnerGroup OwnerGroup OwnerGroup OwnerGroup Owner Ope ra to rOpe ra to rOpe ra to rOpe ra to rOpe ra to r Arr iva l DateArr iva l DateArr iva l DateArr iva l DateArr iva l Date Sailed DateSailed DateSailed DateSailed DateSailed Date PPPPPororororor ttttt Coun t r yCoun t r yCoun t r yCoun t r yCoun t r y

GIULIO VERNE In Service/Commission 10617 10 V. Ships Group V. Ships Monaco S.A.M. 06/19/2004 06/22/2004 Melbourne AustraliaGLOBAL SENTINEL In Service/Commission 13201 15 Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc. Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc.HEIMDAL In Service/Commission 10471 16 Alcatel Submarine Networks Marine A/S Alcatel Submarine Networks Marine A/S 07/14/2004 Kokura JapanHENRY P. LADING In Service/Commission 1631 0 Jydsk Dykkerfirma ApSILE DE BATZ In Service/Commission 13973 15.4 Louis Dreyfus Armateurs S.A.S. 07/12/2004 07/12/2004 Dover Strait United KingdomILE DE BREHAT In Service/Commission 13978 15.4 Louis Dreyfus Armateurs S.A.S. Louis Dreyfus Armateurs S.A.S. 07/10/2004 07/12/2004 Bristol United KingdomILE DE RE In Service/Commission 14091 15 Louis Dreyfus Armateurs S.A.S. Louis Dreyfus Armateurs S.A.S.ILE DE SEIN Laid up 13978 15.4 Louis Dreyfus Armateurs S.A.S.JASMINE PROTECTOR In Service/Commission 1558 6.5 Jasmine Submarine Telecoms Co. Ltd.KDD OCEAN LINK In Service/Commission 9510 15 Kokusai Cable Ship Co. Ltd. Kokusai Cable Ship Co. Ltd. 07/04/2004 Yokohama JapanKDD PACIFIC LINK In Service/Commission 7960 13 Mitsui O.S.K. Lines Ltd. Mitsui O.S.K. Lines Ltd. 07/07/2004 07/10/2004 Moji JapanKEM In Service/Commission 2645 11.8 Dalmoreprodukt Holding Co. Dalmoreprodukt Holding Co.KNIGHT In Service/Commission 14149 0 DOCKWISE N.V. DOCKWISE N.V.KOUKI MARU In Service/Commission 9190 13.5 Dokai Marine Systems Ltd. Dokai Marine Systems Ltd.KOUSHIN MARU In Service/Commission 4822 12 Dokai Marine Systems Ltd. Dokai Marine Systems Ltd.LEON THEVENIN In Service/Commission 4845 15 France Telecom France Telecom 06/14/2004 Brest FranceLODBROG In Service/Commission 10243 14.5 Alcatel Submarine Networks Marine A/S Alcatel Submarine Networks Marine A/S 06/22/2004 Batangas PhilippinesMAERSK DEFENDER In Service/Commission 5746 16 A. P. Moller A. P. Moller 07/06/2004 07/07/2004 Marseilles FranceMAERSK RECORDER Laid up 6292 14 A. P. Moller A. P. MollerMAERSK RELIANCE In Service/Commission 6292 14 A. P. Moller A. P. MollerMAERSK RESPONDER In Service/Commission 6292 14 A. P. Moller A. P. MollerMANTA In Service/Commission 2723 15 Jade-Dienst GmbH & Co. KG Jade-Dienst GmbH & Co. KGMIDNIGHT CARRIER In Service/Commission 2670 13 Torch Inc. Torch Inc.MIDNIGHT WRANGLER In Service/Commission 5623 11 Torch OffshoreMISS CLEMENTINE In Service/Commission 3637 9 Brooklyn Shipping Ltd. Brooklyn Shipping Ltd. 06/29/2004 Singapore Republic of SingaporeMISS MARIE In Service/Commission 3639 0 Brooklyn Shipping Ltd. Brooklyn Shipping Ltd. 06/16/2004 Singapore Republic of SingaporeNEWTON In Service/Commission 2779 15 Government of the UK Government of the UK 06/15/2004 06/18/2004 Southampton United KingdomNIWA In Service/Commission 13201 15 Emirates Telecommunications Corp Emirates Telecoms & Marine ServicesNORMAND CLIPPER In Service/Commission 12291 15 Solstad Shipping A/S Solstad Shipping A/SNORMAND CUTTER In Service/Commission 12291 15 Solstad Shipping A/S Solstad Shipping A/SOCEAN CHALLENGER In Service/Commission 5235 16.7 Rovde Shipping AS 07/01/2004 Tees United KingdomOCEANIC PEARL In Service/Commission 7429 13.5 James Fisher and Sons Plc James Fisher (Shipping Services) Ltd.

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VVVVVessel Nameessel Nameessel Nameessel Nameessel Name Ship StatusShip StatusShip StatusShip StatusShip Status G TG TG TG TG T SpeedSpeedSpeedSpeedSpeed Group OwnerGroup OwnerGroup OwnerGroup OwnerGroup Owner Ope ra to rOpe ra to rOpe ra to rOpe ra to rOpe ra to r Arr iva l DateArr iva l DateArr iva l DateArr iva l DateArr iva l Date Sailed DateSailed DateSailed DateSailed DateSailed Date PPPPPororororor ttttt Coun t r yCoun t r yCoun t r yCoun t r yCoun t r yOCEANIC PRINCESS In Service/Commission 11121 0 James Fisher and Sons Plc James Fisher (Shipping Services) Ltd.OCEANIC VIKING In Service/Commission 9075 18 Eidesvik AS Eidesvik ASPACIFIC GUARDIAN In Service/Commission 6133 10 Global Marine Systems Ltd. Global Marine Systems Ltd. 06/16/2004 07/02/2004 Auckland New ZealandPERTINACIA In Service/Commission 12100 14 Italmare S.p.A. Italmare S.p.A. 06/23/2004 06/23/2004 Catania ItalyPETER FABER In Service/Commission 2854 0 Tele Danmark A/S 06/25/2004 07/07/2004 Dover United KingdomPLDT In Service/Commission 1706 13.5 Government of Japan NTT World Engineering Marine Co. Ltd.PLEIJEL In Service/Commission 1650 11 Televerket TeleverketPOLAR KING In Service/Commission 12867 15.5 Rieber Shipping AS Rieber Shipping AS 07/10/2004 07/10/2004 Gibraltar GibraltarPROVIDER 1 In Service/Commission 10493 14 Allseas Group S.A. Marine Survey Contractors S.A.RAYMOND CROZE In Service/Commission 4845 15 France Telecom France TelecomRENE DESCARTES In Service/Commission 13864 15 France Telecom France Telecom 07/04/2004 07/04/2004 Kalamata GreeceSEGERO In Service/Commission 8323 15 Korea Submarine Telecom Ltd. Korea Submarine Telecom Ltd. 06/16/2004 06/16/2004 Busan Republic of KoreaSETOUCHI SURVEYOR In Service/Commission 1264 12 Fugro GeodeticSIR ERIC SHARP In Service/Commission 6141 13.5 Global Marine Systems Ltd. Global Marine Systems Ltd.SKANDI NEPTUNE In Service/Commission 6318 14 District Offshore ASA DOF Management ASSTANELCO In Service/Commission 1692 12 Alcatel Contracting Norway AS Alcatel Contracting Norway ASSUBARU In Service/Commission 9557 13.2 Subaru Ship Ltd.TEAM OMAN In Service/Commission 4008 10 Nico International UAE Nico International UAETELIRI In Service/Commission 8345 14.5 Italmare S.p.A. Italmare S.p.A. 07/01/2004 07/11/2004 Catania ItalyTENEO In Service/Commission 3051 14.5 Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc. Tyco Marine S.A. 06/14/2004 Valencia SpainTHALIS In Service/Commission 1025 11 Government of Greece Government of GreeceTOISA PISCES In Service/Commission 6492 14.5 Brokerage & Management Corp. Sealion Shipping Ltd.TRINITY SUPPORTER In Service/Commission 7374 15.83 Trinity Supporter Inc. 07/12/2004 Singapore Republic of SingaporeTYCO DECISIVE In Service/Commission 12184 13.9 Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc. Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc. 07/09/2004 Baltimore United States of AmericaTYCO DEPENDABLE In Service/Commission 12184 13.9 Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc. Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc. 06/09/2004 Honolulu United States of AmericaTYCO DURABLE In Service/Commission 12130 13.9 - 06/26/2004 Singapore Republic of SingaporeTYCO RESOLUTE In Service/Commission 12184 13.9 Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc. Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc.TYCO RESPONDER In Service/Commission 12184 13.9 Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc. Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc.TYCOM RELIANCE In Service/Commission 12184 13.9 Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc. Transoceanic Cable Ship Co. Inc.UMM AL ANBER In Service/Commission 7750 18 Emirates Telecommunications Corp Emirates Telecommunications CorpWAVE SENTINEL In Service/Commission 12330 18.25 Global Marine Systems Ltd. Global Marine Systems Ltd. 06/04/2004 06/04/2004 Dover Strait United KingdomWAVE VENTURE In Service/Commission 10076 16 Global Marine Systems Ltd. Global Marine Systems Ltd. 07/04/2004 Victoria(BC) Canada

32

Jean Devos

Somewhere in thedeep south of Franceon June 26th, 2004

“One must cultivate its garden”.- Voltaire 1750.

I am writing you frommy summerhouse gar-den. A gorgeous day! Iworked 2 hours earlyin the morning, trim-ming my hedge,pruning my roses,

plucking the cherries, watering the vegetablegarden. A happy man!

But around 11.am, I decided that I haddone enough, that the sun was now too high,and I moved to the shade with my PC, and aglass of my preferred St Emilion Bordeaux wine.

den, so much under control and the Englishgarden, only apparently wild, without forget-ting the garden “ala française”, so structured.

But yet another one springs to my mind,the one of an abandoned mansion that I havebeen walking trough quite often in this area.One could still perceived that it had been, some-time in the past a very pleasant place; butMother Nature has now prevailed there, andmade a jungle of it,

My dear friend... our submarine cablebusiness looks today like an abandoned garden.A nice garden, even very modest, even just a tinysquare of salad, is a piece of art that somebodyhas designed, managed, takes care of! My gar-den is the result of my own will and my ownwork.

We should treat our business that way!Our business cannot be abandoned to the

law of the jungle!Where are the gardeners?

from Jean Devos

My Dear Friend

I relaxed and realised how well I felt insuch an environment. My garden is an en-chantment! A nice balance of species, of col-ours, of sizes, of smells! Each season brings dif-ferent flowers, different greens! I have now, inmy back-yard two squares, one for vegetables,and one for the herbs. My orchard has nowreach maturity; the cherry blossom this year wasimpressive and we now enjoy the plucking! Endof August we will enjoy the plums, white andred, and in September, the grapes! Thanks to mywinter work of trimming the trees, bringing myown made fertiliser, and treating them with myfavoured copper- oxide!

Most of the annual flowers that grow inthe middle of the permanent green structure areactually coming from my neighbours! I barelyever bought anything! There is a permanent ex-change activity among the many gardeners inthe area.

While enjoying a nap, my mind starts towander among the various types of gardens, es-pecially the two extreme ones the Japanese gar-

Letter to a friend

33

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34

Author Article STF Issue DateAndres, Jose Improved methods of cable route planning Issue 5 October 2002

Annoque, Christian The State of the Industry Europe, the Middle East, Africa and India Issue 2 January 2002

Ash, Stewart From Elektron to ‘E’ Commerce Issue 14 May 2004

Bailey, Toby Surviving the Telecoms Rollercoaster Issue 4 July 2002

Barattino, William Dr. & Harrington, William Broadband Communications for MaritimeUsers Issue 6 January 2003

Baribeau, Yves & Poirier, Nancy Viable. Flexible. Reliable ITG’s branching unit Issue 4 July 2002

Barnett, Pamela You and PTC Issue 4 July 2002

BenBenek, Jules Autonomous Submarines Alternatives for ROV and AUV operations Issue 9 July 2003

Bishop, Jim Back to the Future in Cable Jointing Issue 14 May 2004

Borkey, Todd Seamless Integration of Undersea and Terrestrial Networks Issue 7 March 2003

Borries, Puja Of Strategic Importance to Business Pacific Telecommunications Conference Issue 1 October 2001

Borries, Puja President of China Telecom at PTC 2003 Issue 6 January 2003

Budde, Paul International Infrastructure Developments in Asia Issue 6 January 2003

Burnett, Douglas Cable Owners Challenge New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Issue 3 April 2002

Butler, Chris Pioneer with Experience Issue 4 July 2002

Byous, Jim Protection against financial aggression System maintenance in today’s market Issue 5 October 2002

Byous, Jim Sea Change Gulf Fiber System Issue 10 September 2003

LLLLLOOOOOOOOOOKKKKKING BACKING BACKING BACKING BACKING BACKLLLLLOOOOOOOOOOKKKKKING BACKING BACKING BACKING BACKING BACK

Reviewing the last three years of Submarine Telecoms Forum

The following pages comprise a complete list ofall articles we have published in SubmarineTelecoms Forum since our first edition.

To review any article just click on the relevant“STF Issue” hyperlink to take you to the issuein which that article was published.

Should any reader or author require copies ofany article in quantity, please refer to ourReprints advertisement on page 38.

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Author Article STF Issue DateCarragher, Daniel A Troubled Chapter Chapter 11 leaves its mark Issue 9 July 2003

Carter, Bill So, where do we go from here? Issue 5 October 2002

Carver, Roger Maritime Security The Need for Awareness and Compliance Issue 10 September 2003

Chba, Michel and Fevrier, Herve Reaping the Benefits All-Raman Transmission Technology Issue 14 May 2004

Colonna, Jean Paul & Peuch, Alain Continuous Burial Assessment of Cables: A State-of-Practice Issue 6 January 2003

Cooper, Graham Marine Asset Management Issue 12 January 2004

Coughlan, David Executive Forum Issue 13 March 2004

Cuccio, Frank Failure Was Never An Option Marine Recovery Operations Issue 14 May 2004

Dean, Barbara Dr. and Gardner, Jeff Dr. Reliability by design In practice and in the field Issue 11 November 2003

Demeroutis, Basil and Fletcher, Ian and Wells, Steven Alchemy Revisited Issue 12 January 2004

Demeroutis, Basil and Fletcher, Ian and Wells, Steven Alchemy Restored Issue 13 March 2004

Devos, Jean Letter to a friend Issue 2 January 2002

Devos, Jean Letter to a Friend Issue 4 July 2002

Devos, Jean Letter to a Friend Issue 5 October 2002

Devos, Jean Letter to a Friend Issue 6 January 2003

Devos, Jean Letter to a Friend Issue 7 March 2003

Devos, Jean Letter to a Friend Issue 8 May 2003

Devos, Jean Letter to a Friend Issue 9 July 2003

Devos, Jean Letter to a Friend Issue 10 September 2003

Devos, Jean Letter to a Friend Issue 11 November 2003

Devos, Jean Letter to a Friend Issue 12 January 2004

Devos, Jean Letter to a Friend Issue 13 March 2004

Devos, Jean Our Culture . . . Our Future Issue 14 May 2004

Devos, Jean Letter to a Friend Issue 14 May 2004

Devos, Jean & Thornton, Geoffrey The State of the Industry Issue 1 October 2001

Edwards, Katherine Countdown to Apollo Launch The world’s most advanced cable system Issue 2 January 2002

Eldridge, Murray So, Where Do We Go From Here? Issue 3 April 2002

Ellis, Chris Hi-Tech Cables, Hi-Tech Project Management Issue 3 April 2002

Evans, Andrew Unlocking the Broadband Opportunity Middle East, India and Asia lead the way Issue 13 March 2004

Evans, Graham AUVs for cable route surveys Issue 4 July 2002


























http://www.subtelforum.com/issue_11_-_november_2003.htm



36

Author Article STF Issue DateFaint, Dick In space no one can hear you scream . . . Trading in Cyberspace Issue 5 October 2002

Faint, Richard Risk Management: Who is Playing at What? Issue 7 March 2003

Fevrier, Herve and Chba, Michel Reaping the Benefits All-Raman Transmission Technology Issue 14 May 2004

Fletcher, Ian & Wells, Steven When is a Bubble not a Bubble? Issue 7 March 2003

Fletcher, Ian and Wells, Steven and Demeroutis, Basil Alchemy Revisited Issue 12 January 2004

Fletcher, Ian and Wells, Steven and Demeroutis, Basil Alchemy Revisited Issue 12 January 2004

Frisch, Tony Technology in Long-span Submarine Systems Issue 2 January 2002

Gardner, Jeff Dr. and Dean, Barbara Dr. Reliability by design In practice and in the field Issue 11 November 2003

Griffith, Scott It’s not all a bed of roses Issue 11 November 2003

Harrington, William & Barattino, William Dr. Broadband Communications for Maritime Users Issue 6 January 2003

Hibbard, John Future Price Trends Issue 4 July 2002

Hollis, Rogan You get further with a Carrot and a Big Stick Issue 12 January 2004

Horne, John SubOptic goes from strength to strength Issue 11 November 2003

Horne, John and Robinson, Alan So How Was SubOptic 2004 for you? Issue 14 May 2004

Hotchkiss, Adam and Romagnino, Richard Convergence of Terrestrial and Undersea Networks Issue 13 March 2004

Hynes, Mike Upgrades - The Viable Alternative? Issue 13 March 2004

Jean Devos Letter to a Friend Issue 8 May 2003

Jones, Michael Breaking with Convention A Different Way of Laying Submarine Cables Issue 9 July 2003

Kasdan, John Déjà-vu Issue 6 January 2003

Kitamura, Ted The State of the IndustryAsia Issue 1 October 2001

Krebs, Georges Executive Forum Issue 14 May 2004

Lambert, Neil Key Driver The Delivery of Broadband Remains the key driver in the Asia Pacific Region Issue 8 May 2003

Lécroart, Antoine Emerging Markets for Submarine Cables Issue 14 May 2004

Lipman, Andrew and Tanner, Troy Cables Beware FCC Regulations can Bite Issue 10 September 2003

Manock, John The State of the Industry The Americas Issue 2 January 2002

Marra, William Dr. Walking a Mile in Our Customers’ Shoes Being a System Supplier with Owner and Operator Experience Issue 8 May 2003

Matsudaira, Tsunekazu The Winds of Change Issue 4 July 2002

McMullen, Scott Oregon Fishermen Offer Gear Calculator Issue 7 March 2003

Millar, David & Rein, Bruce Cableawareness.com An internet based awareness strategy Issue 5 October 2002

Miller, George Back to Basics Issue 4 July 2002


























37

Author Article STF Issue DateMiller, George & Sheedy, Sally A Bad Storm, Not a Perfect Storm The Submarine Market in Context Issue 3 April 2002

Milstead, Matthew Executive Forum Issue 12 January 2004

Munier, Rob Mind the Gap Issue 3 April 2002

Nickelson, Richard A unique event The PTC 2004: New Times - New Strategies Issue 11 November 2003

Peuch, Alain & Colonna, Jean Paul Continuous Burial Assessment of Cables: A State-of-Practice Issue 6 January 2003

Poirier, Nancy & Baribeau, Yves Viable. Flexible. Reliable ITG’s branching unit Issue 4 July 2002

Polishuk, Paul The State of the Industry The Americas Issue 1 October 2001

Pugh, Tim Cutting the Gordian Knot A Geoscience View of the Cable Industry Issue 3 April 2002

Ramsden, Rex BandwidthThe State of the Market Issue 2 January 2002

Ranahan, Doug Convergence Issue 5 October 2002

Rawle, Julian New life discovered in the Caribbean Issue 11 November 2003

Rein, Bruce & Millar, David Cableawareness.com An internet based awareness strategy Issue 5 October 2002

Riga, Andy Telecom experts display market savvy Entrepreneurs found company, sell to a US giant and buy it back Issue 9 July 2003

Robinson, Alan Recovery or Rationalisation SubOptic - a tonic for the Hangover! Issue 8 May 2003

Robinson, Alan Addressing the Future of the Submarine Cable Industry Issue 12 January 2004

Robinson, Alan SubOptic 2004 Issue 13 March 2004

Robinson, Alan and Horne, John So How Was SubOptic 2004 for you? Issue 14 May 2004

Romagnino, Richard and Hotchkiss, Adam Convergence of Terrestrial and Undersea Networks Issue 13 March 2004

Rudde, Paul Major Submarine Cable Projects in Asia The infrastructure of Asian cable systems Issue 8 May 2003

Ruddy, Michael Searching for a light in the fog A future for the submarine cable industry? Issue 2 January 2002

Runfola, Jack A Simple View Issue 9 July 2003

Seip, Jon Fibre Optics in OffshoreCommunications Issue 2 January 2002

Shamburek, Steven Nets and the Internet Issue 12 January 2004

Sheedy, Sally & Miller, George A Bad Storm, Not a Perfect Storm The Submarine Market in Context Issue 3 April 2002

Soja, Tom Internal Telecom Bandwidth Drivers, opportunities and challenges Issue 1 October 2001

Soja, Tom Answer from a Friend Issue 3 April 2002

Soja, Tom Negotiating the Market’s Half Pipe The market “adventure” over the last two years Issue 8 May 2003

Soja, Tom Negotiating the Market’s Half Pipe Part 2 Issue 10 September 2003

Soja, Tom Back to the Future The rise of the regional systems market Issue 13 March 2004

Spalding, Marsha Survival of the Leanest Issue 6 January 2003






























38

Author Article STF Issue DateStronge, Tim Submarine bandwidth Issue 4 July 2002

Stroud, Doug Deepwater Burial Record Trencher Achieves Record in SE Asia Issue 3 April 2002

Stuart, Bob The Perfect Storm Issue 3 April 2002

Stuart, Bob Future Project Finance Structures Issue 4 July 2002

Tanner, Troy and Lipman, Andrew Cables Beware FCC Regulations can Bite Issue 10 September 2003

Thornton, Geoffrey A Passage to India Issue 13 March 2004

Thornton, Geoffrey & Devos, Jean The State of the Industry Europe, the Middle East and Africa Issue 1 October 2001

Tremblay, Pierre Mountain of Debt Issue 3 April 2002

TSA Newsfeed Bandwidth: Shattering the Myth Carriers shatter the myth of the glut bears Issue 1 October 2001

Utsumi, Yoshio Challenges For All Issue 7 March 2003

Wall, Bill ITG completes Apollo burial Issue 5 October 2002

Wall, Bill Those other submarine utilities Issue 11 November 2003

Warnes, David A Big Fish in a Small Pond Market Liberalization Driving Demand for Bandwidth in Latin America Issue 3 April 2002

Wells, Steven Is there light at the end of the tunnel? The current subsea marketplace Issue 1 October 2001

Wells, Steven & Fletcher, Ian When is a Bubble not a Bubble? Issue 7 March 2003

Wells, Steven and Demeroutis, Basil and Fletcher, Ian Alchemy Revisited Issue 12 January 2004

Wells, Steven and Demeroutis, Basil and Fletcher, Ian Alchemy Restored Issue 13 March 2004

Wilkie, Alasdair Dublin is Attached to Boston Issue 9ssue 9 July 2003

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